RU2304607C2 - Petroleum processing process and apparatus - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: petroleum processing.

SUBSTANCE: group of inventions relates to processing of petroleum and liquid hydrocarbons and can be applied separately as rotary pump with mechanical cracking during pumping of crude oil in order to increase yield of low-molecular weight hydrocarbons and to lower viscosity. In a process of processing a mixture of liquid hydrocarbons, processing is accomplished via mechanical catalyst-free hydrodynamic cracking in at least one step in a single process space, which is centrifuge with cylindrical or conical rotor protected against external effects by a special system and having outlet pipes, wherein feedstock stream is continuously supplied to process space of rotating cylindrical or conical rotor; feedstock is stirred mechanically with the aid of rapidly rotating rotor provided with partitions and combs mounted thereon at the rotor rotation speed 8000-28000 rpm and pressure inside centrifuge up to 1.2 mPa; feedstock processing temperature is controlled by preheating it and also by heating or cooling front cover and space between rotor and centrifuge case, while processed feed is discharged over outlet pipes. An apparatus for implementation of above-described process is also provided.

EFFECT: enabled processing of crude oil at its production site, facilitated transportation thereof, and increased crude oil processing efficiency.

16 cl, 4 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the processing of oil and liquid hydrocarbons in the oil refining industry, in the chemical, petrochemical, pharmaceutical industries for the simultaneous production of new substances, separation and purification of the final product, its separation from by-product impurities. The device can be used for pumping crude oil in order to increase the percentage of light hydrocarbons and reduce the viscosity of the oil when transporting it through pipes.

State of the art

An analogue to the method of applying mechanical heating and oil refining by intensive mixing was not found. Closest to the described invention in solving the technical problem of eliminating coking and increasing the yield of light fractions (prototype), there is a method for processing liquid hydrocarbons without catalyst by eliminating the formation of solid residues of fuel oil by heating and spraying them through a nozzle into a heated gas medium in which gas-dynamic vibrations are excited { 1,2} with a gas-jet, electric or mechanical radiator for intensifying heat transfer between drops of hydrocarbon feed and heated a basic medium with the supply of hydrogen or substances emitting it during the processing of heavy hydrocarbon feeds, when the carbohydrates are heated in an oscillating gas medium, chemical primary reactions with high activation energies take place, interatomic bonds with different energy strength are destroyed, and when hydrogen and its emitting compounds are used reduction of diene formation reactions by reacting with vinyl radicals CH ₂ = CH, preventing their addition to ethylene. The result will be a decrease in the yield of heavy petroleum products. The disadvantage of this method is the high cost of heat and energy for heating the raw material and its spraying through the injectors, the energy cost of the oscillation emitter, the limited use of the method to improve the evaporation of raw materials for the rectification process, in contrast to which the invention uses the processing and heating of liquid raw materials due to friction of the liquid with stirring by the combs and baffles of the centrifuge rotor, which are a source of oscillations. Coinciding features of the known invention and the proposed are the heating of hydrocarbon raw materials and the message of fluctuations. An analog of the method of combining mechanical heating, cracking and separation of crude oil and liquid hydrocarbons (jointly or separately) into fractions by centrifugation and controlled decompression of an overheated liquid of hydrocarbons in one technological space was not found. A well-known analogue of the method for solving the technical problem of separating oil into fractions by distillation: crude oil enters the unit for primary processing, where the so-called straight-run gasolines (semi-finished products) are obtained. After that, the “heavy” fractions with a boiling point of 80 to 100 ° С are sent to the catalytic reforming unit and “refined” in a hydrogen medium at temperatures above 500 ° С - this is how the most important component for the production of gasoline with an octane rating of 95 is obtained. And light fractions are sent for isomerization, during which the octane number rises from 70 to 80, the disadvantage of which is the use of large-sized equipment operating at elevated pressure and temperature, cracking in a separate device {3}, olshie costs of energy and heat for performing the method. An analogue to the use of a catalyst for cracking is the use of a method for loading a catalyst into a catalytic cracking system {4}, signs of using a catalyst and its removal for regeneration coincide. The disadvantage of this method is the abrasion of particles of solid material, its entrainment, limiting the flow rate of the fluidizing agent and the high cost of heating the feedstock, in contrast to which, in the invention, with intensive mixing of oil in the presence of an aluminosilicate catalyst, the complex processing of oil under conditions that are uneven in time results various chemical reactions {6} are significantly accelerated. Research by Novosibirsk scientists has shown that catalytic cracking with aluminosilicates allows the activation of a number of chemical reactions in oil refining {7}. An analogue using centrifugation to separate crude oil into fractions was not found; to solve the technical problem of separating a mixture of liquids {5} oil and water, a centrifuge with a smooth flow of an annular fluid flow relative to the walls of the rotor is used, where an annular partition with radial plates is located along the entire length, in contrast to which, in the invention, the liquid (oil) stratified into fractions is squeezed out layer by layer from the cavity of the rotor into the separation ring chambers with outlet pipes and the May decompression.

Disclosure of invention

When weathering, uranium passes into solutions, colloidal particles of organic substances that carry electric charges sorb (absorb) uranium ions from the solution.

и

реакции с гомологами метана идут аналогично {9}, водород будет участвовать в реакциях гидроочистки, гидрокрекинга и др., в полости ротора коагулируют и осаждаются твердые дисперсные частицы, центрифугированием выделяют воду и твердую фракцию (уран и другие металлы) через разделительные камеры с трубами, что расширяет возможности применения способа, это позволит без катализатора проводить переработку нефти с целью снизить затраты на транспорт нефти повышением в ней содержания светлых нефтепродуктов и уменьшения вязкости. Частным случаем применения способа является выделение фракции в газообразном виде при избытке образования легкой фракции при переработке сырой нефти или для охлаждения жидкости. При желании более глубокой его переработки применяют несколько ступеней, на которых перерабатывают либо нефть в соединении с отдельной его фракцией, либо выделенную одну или несколько его фракций, например с непредельными углеводородами для активизации реакции крекинга или алкилирования, направление выделенной газовой фракции на повторную переработку на ту же ступень с водой в качестве водородвыделяющей смеси. Другим частным случаем применения способа является введение в технологичное пространство катализатора (мелкодисперсный алюмосиликатный применяют в виде эмульсии), который интенсивным перемешиванием активизируют, увеличивается площадь его соприкосновения с перерабатываемым сырьем, активные центры катализатора, на которых могут идти определенные химические реакции, начинают работать с толще перерабатываемой нефти под действием механического перемешивания, в разные периоды времени кратковременно находясь в разных условиях (давления, температуры) и в соприкосновениями с разными углеводородами, алюмосиликатный катализатор, являясь дешевым и неприхотливым, может в зависимости от технических условий активировать разные реакции в переработке нефти, в результате одновременно будут идти различные реакции (ароматизация, алкилирование, крекинг, обессеривание, изомеризация), скорость каждой из этих реакций будет зависеть от состава фракций, а сами активные центры не будут закоксовываться и после реагирования катализатор будет отделяться центрифугой и направляться в регенератор, что позволит повысить выход более ценных ароматических легколетучих углеводородов. Как еще один частный случай применения способа можно применять на любой другой ступени переработки разные катализаторы, например платину, изготавливая из него гребенки, для риформинга бензиновой и депарафинизации дизельной фракции, для гидроочистки - кобальт-молибденовые {7}.There are quite a few types of oils from various deposits that are noticeably radioactive, have a high content of uranium, thorium, radium, helium, argon, and the ash of these oils is usually enriched with vanadium, molybdenum, nickel, cobalt, chromium, arsenic, tin, etc. .d. Radium is usually concentrated in the groundwater accompanying the oil, and sometimes in an amount that can be extracted commercially. All these metals are present either in the form of organometallic compounds, or in the form of colloidal particles. The uranium content in oil is estimated by American geologists to reach 100 g / t {8}. In the proposed method, in contrast to the traditional multi-stage process, crude oil is refined in one stage (step), in which it is heated when the centrifuge rotor combs (oscillation source) mix it, areas of a sharp increase in pressure and temperature are created inside the liquid layer, and the kinetic energy of the liquid molecules sharply increases and activation of energetic chemical reactions, which causes pyrolysis, cracking reactions, intermolecular and weak intramolecular bonds are broken, while Odita reaction conversion of paraffinic hydrocarbons to synthesis gas, the reaction gas conversion

and

reactions with methane homologues proceed similarly to {9}, hydrogen will participate in hydrotreating, hydrocracking, etc. reactions, solid dispersed particles are coagulated and precipitated in the rotor cavity, water and solid fraction (uranium and other metals) are separated by centrifugation through separation chambers with pipes, which expands the possibilities of applying the method, this will allow oil processing without a catalyst in order to reduce the cost of oil transportation by increasing the content of light oil products in it and reducing the viscosity. A special case of the application of the method is the separation of the fraction in a gaseous form with an excess of the formation of a light fraction in the processing of crude oil or for cooling a liquid. If you want to process it more deeply, several stages are used at which either oil is refined in conjunction with its separate fraction, or one or more of its fractions is isolated, for example, with unsaturated hydrocarbons to activate the cracking or alkylation reaction, and the allocated gas fraction is recycled to that the same step with water as a hydrogen-generating mixture. Another particular application of the method is the introduction of a catalyst into the technological space (finely dispersed aluminosilicate is used in the form of an emulsion), which is activated by intensive mixing, the area of contact with the processed raw materials increases, the active centers of the catalyst, on which certain chemical reactions can occur, begin to work with a thicker processed oil under the action of mechanical stirring, at different times for a short time being in different conditions (pressure I, temperatures) and in contact with different hydrocarbons, the aluminosilicate catalyst, being cheap and unpretentious, can, depending on the technical conditions, activate different reactions in oil refining, as a result, different reactions will simultaneously occur (aromatization, alkylation, cracking, desulfurization, isomerization) , the rate of each of these reactions will depend on the composition of the fractions, and the active sites themselves will not be coked, and after the reaction, the catalyst will be separated by a centrifuge and sent to generator of that will improve the yield of more valuable volatile aromatic hydrocarbons. As another special case of the application of the method, various catalysts can be used at any other processing stage, for example, platinum, making combs out of it, for reforming the gasoline and dewaxing of the diesel fraction, for hydrotreating, cobalt-molybdenum {7}.

The essential features of the method are the continuous processing of crude oil and liquid hydrocarbons together or separately in one technological space with intensive mechanical stirring for mechanical heating and creating conditions for activation of a number of energy reactions (cracking, etc., in particular cases of catalytic cracking) to increase the yield of light fractions , in special cases, the selection of water and solid fraction from oil by continuous centrifugation with a gradual movement of the fluid flow in rotor cavity and gaseous fraction by controlled decompression, it is theoretically possible to separate liquids by the number of liquid fractions having different specific gravities, stratified in the rotor cavity of the centrifuge of the liquid immediately after deposition, preventing their back mixing (dissolution) in each other, during decompression evaporation, the liquid is sharply cooled in the rotor cavity the volatile fraction is separated in the gaseous state through the separation chamber closest to the center, for example: at the first processing stage, the fraction C ₁ -C ₅ , in the second stage, the fraction of C ₅ -C ₁₂ hydrocarbons.

The novelty of the invention in the application of mechanical activation of chemical reactions in the possibility of combining different oil refining processes in one technological space, the use of mechanical heating of oil and cracking caused by hydrodynamic interaction during high-speed mixing, in the use of a centrifuge to separate (separate) dispersed solid fractions. Carrying out cracking at a relatively low pressure allows the hydrocarbons of the most volatile fraction to be released in a gaseous form by decompression, translating them into a state of superheated liquid. The method is distinguished by the novelty of the approach to the separation of oil and a mixture of oil products with the combined use of their physical properties of different densities (specific gravities) and boiling points. A constant flow of oil will protect against overheating of liquids. The aluminosilicate catalyst is inexpensive and unpretentious, capable of activating various reactions that contribute to the processing of oil, depending on the technical conditions and composition of the feedstock.

The method allows oil refining at the production site, separating more than two fractions from oil, if water is present in crude oil, hydrogen evolution reactions are activated, which creates conditions for the deep processing of heavy hydrocarbons at low (up to 1.2 MPa) pressures without the use of catalysts .

The technical result is expressed in an increase in the yield of light oil products (hydrocarbons), the mobility of oil molecules increases, it is possible to use the method in special cases: to isolate a gaseous fraction, a solid fraction and water from crude oil, use different catalysts, water and hydrogen-evolving mixtures.

Brief Description of the Drawings

Schematically shows the appearance of the device (determined by the shape of the rotor, which may be in the form of a truncated cone or cylinder) in figure 1 - for separation into five fractions with a screw 21 for ejecting a solid fraction; figure 2 is a General view with a section; figure 3 - the inner side of the front and locking covers of the proposed device; in the diagram of the device in figure 4, the arrows indicate the direction of movement of the liquids.

The positions in figures 1-3 correspond to the following structural elements: 1 - housing, 2 - inlet cover, 3 - locking cover, 4 - rotor axis, 5 - pipe for supplying air, coolant or heated steam, 6 - pipe for the exit of the heated steam, 7 - the space between the inner oil seal and the bearing of the rotor axis, 8 - output pipes, 9 - pipe for supplying raw materials, 10 - oil seals, 11 - rotor cavity, 12 - comb, 13 - output pipe for draining oil from space 7, 14 - the space between the housing 1 and the centrifuge rotor, 15 - separation annular burnout subcontroller, 16 - separating chamber, 17 - internal partitions rotor, 18 - inlet pipe for supplying oil to the space, 7, 19 - protivogrebenka, 20 - an additional conduit for supplying the catalyst, 21 - auger for removing solids through the pipe 8.

The implementation of the invention

In a constant flow, crude oil without catalyst is intensively mixed in a single technological space, which changes its composition and properties, then it immediately enters the cavity 11 of the centrifuge rotor, where, gradually moving under the action of precipitating forces, it is divided into fractions that will be arranged in rings in layers, displacing lighter into the layer closer to the center, the solid fraction will be separated through the separation chamber and the pipe farthest from the center (axis) of the rotor, the layer thickness will depend on the percentage of The holding of each fraction in the liquid mixture from the rotor of the fraction is pressed out layer by layer into the separation ring chambers 16, from which they are extracted through the corresponding pipes 8 taking into account the fractions obtained earlier or during processing, and through the pipes 8, which can be used to reduce the resistance to liquid flow tilt towards the direction of rotation of the rotor, the final product and spent catalyst, in case of its use, are released.

In the case of applying the method without stratification of oil into fractions in the device, the viscosity of the oil decreases by changing its composition by mechanical cracking and hydrogen reactions, and the cone-shaped centrifuge drum will act as a centrifugal pump, which reduces the cost of pumping through pipes and installing additional oil pumping equipment, and the change tilting in the direction of rotation of the comb walls of the centrifuge drum will add turbine draft (suction) of oil to the centrifuge. The purity of the separated fractions is achieved by controlling the speed and volume of the fraction flowing from the corresponding pipe 8, taking into account a predetermined percentage (volume) composition of the processed liquid (crude oil) or determining it during processing. Since the process is carried out in a sealed space under pressure and when heated, by increasing the outflow of the fraction from the separation chamber located closer to the center, the lightest fraction can be transferred to the state of an overheated liquid and released in a gaseous state. As an example, figure 1 shows a device that has a truncated cone body 1, on the cover 2 and the fingers of the comb 19, installed to enhance the hydrodynamic effects on oil, preventing the rotation of the fluid in the mixing chamber, to achieve the optimal reaction temperature, heating (cooling) elements that regulate the temperature regime; temperature control devices for regulating the cracking process; pipe 9 introduces oil; pipe 20 catalyst; rotational motion is transmitted through the axis of the rotor 4; oil seals 10, rotor cavity 11; in the mixing chamber, the comb 12, when the rotor rotates with the teeth, passes between the teeth of the anti-comb 19, which is installed to enhance the hydrodynamic effect on the raw material, the dividing ring partitions 15 are installed on the closure cover 3 and, if necessary, in the form of narrow rings of the same diameter at the output end of the rotor. Depending on the process conditions, either air (coolant) or heated steam exiting through the pipe 6, regularly cleaned, circulating through the sealed space with a constant-pressure heat exchanger, can be supplied into the space 14 between the housing 1 and the centrifuge rotor 11 depending on the technological conditions. the pressure inside the device in front of the oil seal in order to reduce the leakage of the processed fluid through the oil seals. To cool the bearings and eliminate leaks when breaking through the seals through the pipe 18, oil from the radiator enters the space between the inner seal and the axle bearing, washes it and returns to the radiator through the pipe 13.

For example, under ideal conditions that are theoretically achievable (soluble in one another liquid with careful pouring, taking into account their density under natural gravity conditions, may be layered in one vessel for some time), when installing 100 separation chambers of the same volume with outlet pipes and oil processing containing 28% fuel oil (r.v. 0.89-1.00 g / cc), 35% gasoline (r.v. 0.70-0.78 g / cc) and 20% kerosene (r. c. 0.78-0.85 g / cc) when an equal volume of liquid flows from each pipe, fuel oil will flow from 28 pipes, gas from 35 will flow, and from 20 - kerosene and a sufficiently pure substance will flow from the middle pipes of each fraction. It is necessary to limit the size of the mixing chamber, preventing excessive overheating of the liquid and reducing excessive losses in mixing the liquid. For example, for medium-sized installations with a length of up to 200 cm, a mixing chamber with a thickness of up to 10-12 cm with oval shaped fingers as long as possible, rotor length 120-180 cm, outer diameter 120-140 cm, width of rotor spacer rings 50-100 mm s taking into account the rotor speed of 8000-28000 rpm with the depth of the separation chambers 10-15 cm. Change in the direction of rotation of the inclination of the comb 12 on the internal partitions 17 of the rotor 11 will give the turbine draft (suction) of oil in the centrifuge, you can increase (or decrease) number of rowing ok, even to abandon them, to make the partition more and scroll input. The proof of the occurrence of mechanical forces sufficient to break the strong bonds in the crystal structure of the metal is the surface of the hydrofoils of river vessels after their operation, the nature of the damage detected is not the result of a collision with an obstacle and characterizes the forces characteristic of the long-term action of powerful wave radiation (ultrasonic or laser) arising in a liquid medium at the interface between a liquid and a metal at high speeds. The arising powerful hydrodynamic forces are capable of breaking hydrocarbon molecules, you only need to use a catalyst that activates the necessary reactions (isomerization, aromatization, etc.) to create the necessary molecules from the “fragments”. The specific values of the listed parameters for the method and device depend on the physico-chemical characteristics of the raw material, the requirements for its final product and should be determined empirically.

Achieving the purity of the separated hydrocarbon fraction: a) by controlling the volume of the effluent hydrocarbon fraction taking into account the percentage (volume) composition of the processed liquid, for this, a volume counter and a valve are installed on each inlet and outlet pipe; b) multi-stage.

The multi-stage processing of oil involves returning the separated fractions to the same device for recycling, for example methane and its analogues to participate in the gas conversion reaction, hydrogen evolution and activating the hydrotreating and hydrocracking reactions, or sending the fractions to the next processing stage to obtain the desired oil products, for example, heavy fractions in a mixture with limiting gases for catalytic reforming and dewaxing, “refinement” in a hydrogen medium, and light fractions for isomers ation.

Note. Hydrodynamic cracking (mechanical cracking) is a change in the physical and chemical properties of crude oil (or a liquid mixture of substances). During intensive mechanical high-speed mixing of oil, interactions occur (hydrodynamic shock, friction, temperature increase), which can lead to the conversion of some low-volatile fractions of oil products into compounds with a lower molecular weight, the conversion of oil into a more mobile liquid than with a simple increase in temperature, breaking of intermolecular bonds liquid and weak intramolecular bonds of high molecular weight heavy hydrocarbons, increasing the percentage yield of low molecular weight coal odorodov from the centrifuge as compared with the composition of the oil inlet.

Adjustable decompression is the allocation of the lightest fraction in a gaseous form, translating it in the cavity of the rotor into a state of superheated liquid; This is achieved by isolating a larger volume of emitted from the device compared with the volume of the incoming liquid, while the most volatile fraction begins to partially transition to a gas state and to be released in a gaseous form, thereby creating a gas-dynamic equilibrium condition that prevents a mass transition at a given pressure and temperature of the feed to a gaseous state less volatile fractions, and in the rotor cavity the transition state of the superheated liquid, the light fraction evaporates sharply (boils), and centrifugation Prevents foaming (quickly precipitates foam) {6}.

Literature

1. Ultrasound. Little Encyclopedia. Ch. ed. I.P. Golyamin. M .: Soviet Encyclopedia, 1979, p. 400, p. 13, 73, 145, 324, 364.

2. Invention No. 94038000 M. cl. С10С 15/08 49/00 B01D 3/00. Declared 10.10.94, publ. July 23, 1996

3. Bulletin No. 21. Brief chemical encyclopedia. Ed. count I.L. Kunyants (editor-in-chief), etc., v. 3. M .: Soviet Encyclopedia, 1964, p. 1112, p. 912.

4. Invention No. 882981. M. cl. C07C 4/06. Declared June 15, 79. Implemented, see "VI" 1993, No. 3.

5. Invention No. 822905. M. Cl. B04B 1/00. Publ. 04/23/1981, Bulletin No. 15.

6. Brown T., Lemey G.Yu. Chemistry at the center of science, in 2 parts, M .: Mir, 1983, part 1, 448 pp., P. 278-286, 344-353; Part 2, p. 520, p. 25-29, 174, 418-433.

7. While the oil barons doze. Source: Expert. Release Date: 1/19/2004.

8. Sobolevsky V.I. Wonderful minerals. M., 1971, p. 48, 53.

9. The Great Soviet Encyclopedia, ed. 3rd, M., 1974, v. 12, p. 613; T. 17, p. 544-535.

Claims (16)

1. A method of processing a mixture of liquid hydrocarbons, characterized in that the processing is carried out by mechanical hydrodynamic cracking without a catalyst, at least one step in one technological space, which is a centrifuge with a cylindrical or conical rotor with an environmental protection system, and outlet pipes, wherein the raw material is fed by a constant flow into the technological space of a rotating cylindrical or conical rotor, mix it mechanically with a rapidly rotating rotor with partitions and combs mounted on them at a rotor speed of 8000-28000 rpm and a pressure inside the centrifuge of up to 1.2 MPa, the temperature of the raw material processing process is regulated by preheating it, as well as by heating or cooling the front cover and the space between the rotor and the centrifuge body, the processed raw material is isolated through the outlet pipes. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that there are separation chambers and by centrifugation they separate water from the raw materials through the separation chamber and the outlet pipe extending from it. 3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that there are separation chambers and by centrifugation a solid fraction is separated from the raw material through a separation chamber with a screw and an outlet pipe extending from it. 4. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that there are separation chambers and by centrifugation in a rotating rotor, the mixture of liquid hydrocarbons is stratified by at least 2 fractions under the influence of precipitating centrifugal forces as it moves in the rotor, and water and solid are released fraction through separation chambers with pipes extending from them, the solid fraction being isolated through a separation chamber with a screw. 5. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that there are separation chambers and during the processing process they carry out controlled decompression, the volatile fraction is isolated through the separation chamber closest to the center of the rotor. 6. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that, together with the raw material, hydrogen-generating mixtures are supplied. 7. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that there are separation chambers, fractions are isolated through separation chambers with pipes extending from them, the raw materials are separated into separate liquid fractions by continuous centrifugation, the final fractions are separated in layers into the separation ring chambers with speed and volume control flowing fractions. 8. The method according to any one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the catalyst is fed into the technological space of the rotating cylindrical or conical rotor, and the spent catalyst is removed during processing. 9. The method according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that the processing is carried out in the presence of hydrogen and hydrogen-liberating mixtures, the individual fractions obtained are used for recycling at the same stage. 10. The method according to one of claims 1 to 7, characterized in that at any stage for processing, individual fractions of hydrocarbons obtained repeatedly at any other stage of processing are used. 11. A device for implementing the method of processing a mixture of liquid hydrocarbons according to claim 1, which is a centrifuge in the form of a truncated cone and includes a rotor body (1), a rotor cavity (11) with internal partitions (17) connected to the inlet cover (2 ) rotor cavities (11) pipelines for supplying raw materials (9), a comb (12) and a comb (19) on the inlet cover (2) to enhance the hydrodynamic effect on the supplied mixture of hydrocarbons, pipes (5) and (6), respectively, for supplying the space (14) between the housing (1) and the rotor cavity ( 11) a centrifuge of air, cooled liquid or heated steam and exhaust from it, the outlet pipe (8) with an inclination in the direction of rotation of the rotor. 12. The device according to claim 11, characterized in that it includes a separating annular partition (15) made in the locking cover (3), as well as a screw (21) for discharging the solid fraction through a pipe (8) located on the side surface of the locking covers (3) with an inclination towards the rotation of the rotor. 13. The device according to claim 11, characterized in that it includes at least two dividing chambers of the same volume with annular dividing walls (15) made in the closure cover (3), with outlet pipes extending from them and with a speed and volume control device the exit of the liquid fraction from the pipe for layer-by-layer removal of individual fractions through the separation chambers (16) and pipes (8). 14. The device according to claim 11, characterized in that the inner partitions (17) of the rotor are made spiral. 15. The device according to claim 11, characterized in that the inner partitions (17) of the rotor are supplemented by annular dividing partitions (15), which coincide in diameter with the annular dividing partitions (15) on the closure cover (3). 16. Device according to any one of paragraphs.11-15, characterized in that it includes additional pipelines (20) connected to the inlet cover (2) of the rotor cavity (11) for supplying the catalyst.

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