RU2304349C2 - Multifunctional system of the internal liaison of a ship - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: the invention refers to the field of radio electronics and may be used for organization of the internal and the external communication on a ship and on other mobile objects.

SUBSTANCE: the commutation centers and the central block of commutation are connected between themselves with dubbed ring fiber-optic communication lines. At that the transmission speed on each ring tract equals 2,048 mBit/s. At that the central block of commutation is fulfilled in the shape of in series connected optical receivers and transmitters with just the same kind of receivers and transmitters of the commutation center and also with the blocks coding and emergency commutations to which the arrangements of allocation of the clock frequency and the block of synchronization of the transmission are connected, and the block of coding and emergency commutations is connected with the block of synchronization of the reception which through the block of coordination of delay is connected with the blocks of the commutation of channels, and the output of the block of coordination of delay through the block of a linear interface is connected with the block of subscriber equipment, and the micro-computer is connected with the block of coordination of delay, the block of coding and of emergency communications and with a block of conference communication.

EFFECT: simplifies construction and increases reliability of the system at simultaneous reducing dimensional characteristics.

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Description

The present invention relates to the field of radio electronics, in particular to the technique of transmitting analog and discrete information, and can be used to organize internal and external communications on ships, ships and other objects.

A known system of intra-ship loud-speaking communication and broadcasting (RF patent No. 2111168, 05/27/99, cl. 6 HB04 13/00). The system is intended for the organization of intra-ship loud-speaking and telephone communications, as well as for data transmission.

This system is designed for the use of switching centers that are interconnected by fiber-optic communication lines (FOCL), and they are connected to switches and remotes, blocks of cabin and cut-off speakers, broadcast units and blocks of subscriber lines of telephone sets.

However, such a system allows the organization of only intra-ship communication and data transfer, while the system has low operational reliability. Closest to the claimed system according to the technical essence of solving the problem is an automated integrated digital communications system (RF patent No. 2188511, 08.28.02, class 7 HB04 13/00).

The system is intended for the organization of intra-ship communications. This system is a prototype. It contains switching centers (CC), a central switching unit (CBK), while the CCs are interconnected by fiber-optic communication lines (FOCL), to which the switches and consoles are connected, while the CBK contains a control device - a microcomputer and a large number of central receivers - transmitting units that have a complex structure and connections.

The disadvantage of this system is the low reliability due to the large number of elements in the system and the cumbersome design. Therefore, such systems are not optimal and economical.

The aim of the invention is to simplify the design and increase reliability.

This goal is achieved due to the fact that in a system consisting of a CC, a pulp and paper mill and terminal devices, a CC and a pulp and paper mill are interconnected by duplicated ring FOCLs, while the transmission speed on each ring path is 2.048 mbit / s, and the transmission speed on one telephone channel 64 kBit / s, and the pulp and paper mill is made in the form of two optical receivers and two transmitters connected in series, which are connected to the same receivers and KCs transmitters, as well as to the coding and emergency switching unit (BCC), to which the devices are connected The clock allocation and transmission synchronization unit, with the BCCA connected to the reception synchronization unit by three outputs, which in turn is connected to the channel switching units (CCU) by the three outputs through the delay matching unit (BCC), and the BSZ output through the linear interface unit (BLI) ) is connected to the control unit, to which the subscriber equipment units (BAO) are connected, and the microcomputer is connected to the BSZ, BKAK and to the conference communication unit.

The structural diagram of the multifunctional system of intra-ship communication (MSCS) is shown in figure 1. It contains BCC 1, BMK 2, connected by two ring fiber-optic communication lines 3. Telephone and telegraph devices 4, 5, microcomputers 6, data transmission equipment 7, external communication interfaces (IVS) 8 and fax machines 9 are connected to each BMC. An operator control panel 10 is connected to the BCC.

BCC consists of the following main elements:

- an optical receiver 11 and an optical transmitter 12 group signals for the respective annular connecting lines;

- a clock allocation device 13 for implementing clock synchronization in two ring lines;

- coding and emergency switching unit 14, in which the linear code is decoded when receiving group signals and coding during transmission, as well as emergency switching of group signals in case of various malfunctions;

- reception synchronization block 15, the main purpose of which is the implementation of BMK 2 cyclic synchronization, as well as branching of service signals from the received group stream;

- switching blocks of channels 16, designed for branching channels to subscribers of this BMK 2; at the same time, up to 4 subscribers can be connected to each channel switching unit;

- blocks of subscriber equipment 17, each of which includes an optical transceiver of signals from subscriber stations of this BMK 2; delta modem of speech signals; a register for storing the channel number used to communicate with this subscriber;

- a block of a linear interface 18, intended for recording and reading address signals, monitoring the oddness of service signals, providing super-cycle synchronization, and for determining the malfunction (break) of 2 fiber connecting lines connected to this BMC based on the disappearance of a group signal;

- a control unit 19, which is a specialized computing device, which, based on an analysis of service signals recorded in the linear interface unit, information received from BAO 17, as well as signals about detection of a break in ring connecting lines, generates command signals for switching signals, produces record addresses when the BMC 2 subscribers enter the communication and generates service address signals for transmission to other BMK 2 systems during the communication session.

In addition, the BMC may include additional units that reserve individual BCC 1 devices and are used in a number of emergency situations.

In addition to the blocks common with BMK 2, the central block additionally contains:

- a transmission synchronization unit (BSPer) 20, turning off the generator equipment for synchronizing the operation of the MSVKS and generating group signals;

- delay matching units (BSZ) 21, the purpose of which is the temporary coordination of the group signal transmitted from the BCC 1 to the line and delayed for the duration of the passage along the ring path of the group signal received by the BCC 1.

In addition, the BCC 1 includes a conference communication unit (BCS) 22, in which the colloquial signals of the conference participants are added, an operator communication unit (BSO), which includes an operator’s device and a control microcomputer, as well as an indicator and switching operator’s panel 23 with control elements allowing to indicate the busyness of channels and system subscribers, fault indication and manual switching of channels when organizing communication for priority subscribers, as well as the organization of special communication modes (circular, conference )

One or several blocks of BMK 2 can be allocated for the organization of external communication with other information systems. For this, it is possible to use radio facilities and communication lines connected by BMK 2 through external communication interfaces 8.

To ensure communication between subscribers, along with speech signals in the group path, address, call and other auxiliary signals are transmitted, which are called service control signals, as well as clock signals. In the system for transmitting service signals, separate channels are called control channels, each information channel being interconnected with one of the control channels and served by the signals transmitted in it.

To transmit useful information in each ring communication line (CLS), 30 information digital channels (IR) are organized (IR ₁ ÷ IR ₃₀ for CLS ₁ and IR ₃₁ ÷ IR ₆₀ for CLS ₂ ) with a transmission speed of 64 kbit / s. In addition, in each CLS, 64 control channels KU ₁ ÷ KU _{64 are} organized. Of these 64 channels, 60 serve 60 IR systems, respectively, and 4 are designed to transmit clock signals. During normal operation of the system, the control units of one (first) CLS are used. The second line KU is connected only in case of a malfunction of the first.

The structure of the group signal is presented in figure 3. The GS group signal has a supercyclic organization. Each SC supercycle is a sequence of groups of HZ cycles, which in turn are composed of a sequence of C cycles, which are divided into a number of time positions (clock intervals) corresponding to time channels of the system.

The GS cycle contains 32 clock intervals, of which 30 (1 ÷ 15 and 17 ÷ 31) correspond to thirty information channels HK ₁ ÷ IK ₃₀ ; The 16th interval is intended for the organization of control channels of the control unit, and the 32nd interval for the transmission of the SS clock signal. The cycle repetition rate corresponds to the frequency of the analog-to-digital conversion of speech signals, which for a speech signal with a frequency band of 7 kHz using adaptive delta modulation is chosen equal to the standard value - 64 kHz.

Thus, the TS clock frequency is 2048 kHz.

Control signals in the system are transmitted in the form of address messages AC - code combinations of 4 bytes. The address message of the i-th KU is transmitted to the i-th HZ supercycle. In total, the supercycle contains 64 groups of 64 KUs, respectively, of which 60 (1 ÷ 15, 17 ÷ 31, 33 ÷ 47 and 49 ÷ 63) correspond to 60 information channels of both ring lines, and 4 KUs are allocated for transmitting AC system malfunctions . Each group contains 64 cycles. At 16 measures of the first 32 of them, AC signals are transmitted sequentially. In the remaining 32 cycles of the HZ control signals are not transmitted. This time period is allotted for the processing of speakers in the stations of the system.

Thus, the GS supercycle contains 4096 cycles and has a duration of T _SC = 64 ms.

A pseudo-random binary sequence is used in the system as a loop synchronization signal, the law of formation of which is described by the generating polynomial (x + 1) * (x ⁷ + x ² +1).

The use of such synchronization completely eliminates the possibility of false synchronism of the ring system. The structure of the linear code is shown in figure 4.

The super-cycle clock is a 32-bit code pattern.

The system is as follows.

To enter into communication of a non-priority subscriber, he dials the called address from the press of his TA telephone set in a standard telephone code.

At the same time, the address received from the subscriber line in BMK 2 is registered in the control unit (CU), where, upon completion of registration, a free channel is searched. The number of the first channel found is recorded in BAO 17, through BKK 16, this channel is branched to BAO (17).

In the corresponding control channel, a call signal containing the registered called address is transmitted to the called party. When a called subscriber detects a given call signal in the BMK 2 control unit, a TA call is made, the address of the channel in which the connection was established is recorded, and either a response signal or a busy signal is sent to the caller. After the subscriber answers, the delta modems in BAO 17 are turned on and the exchange of conversational signals begins. When a busy signal arrives, the caller is set to end call mode. The exchange of call signals and call answering continues throughout the communication session. When one of the subscribers is disconnected, the transmission of these signals stops, which sets the other subscriber to hang up.

Getting into communication and hanging up is accompanied by the transmission of standard sound signals (continuous, long and short beeps) to the TA.

Communication for priority subscribers (with telephones without dialing devices) is established through the BKK 1 operator. When a subscriber picks up the handset in the control unit of the corresponding BMK 2, the address of the system operator is automatically generated as the called address and communication with this operator is established as described above. To connect the calling subscriber with other subscribers of the system or with subscribers of systems connected to this via external trunk lines, the operator sets the required address and the call signal containing the dialed address is transmitted in the same channel. After the called subscriber answers, the operator disconnects, after which the desired connection is established in the channel.

Conference calls are based on the summation in an analogous form of the conversational signals of the conference participants, which is carried out in BCS 22 BCC 1. For this, each of the conference participants participating in the conference communicates with BCS 22 via a separate conversation channel of the ring path.

The method of organizing communication with the switching of informative and related control channels adopted in the system makes it quite easy to organize the transfer of various information: both analog with a band of no more than 7 kHz, and digital with a speed of no more than 64 kbit / s. The system uses analog telephones with an optical output, therefore, BMK 2 digital-to-analog converters are installed. Other types of subscriber equipment are interfaced: telephone and fax machines, computers and their peripheral devices, etc., through individual interfaces. In them, informative and control signals are converted into optical form, the electrical levels of the signals of the interfaced apparatus and the optical transceiver are matched, and a communication algorithm is brought to a single addressing system and commands. The large informative capabilities of the channel allow all devices to use a simple asynchronous access protocol to the channel.

Improving the reliability of the operation of the ring path is achieved by using two parallel ring communication lines and the inclusion of BMC 2 and BCC 1 control devices for the health of relay sections, an automatic emergency switching line when their breaks are detected and transmission of fault signals to indicate in the BCC 1 breakage site.

During normal operation of the system, both ring lines are used to transmit information. In the case of ring line breaks as a result of emergency switching, a system with one ring line is formed, which, with the most probable single line breaks, retains the possibility of communication for all subscribers, although with a decrease in potential access to communication channels by half.

At the point closest to the cliff site, the group signal of this line is introduced into serviceable sections of that line where a single break occurred. As a result of this, the normal signal is maintained in all relay sections of the faulty line, in addition, the section where the break occurred, which practically allows you to localize the break in the path. If there is a break in both ring lines on the same relay section, then emergency switching of group signals at two points closest to the break point creates a new ring line bypassing the break point.

As a result of the breakdown of both ring lines at different relay sections, some part of BMK 2 is torn off from the rest of the system. To ensure the functioning of that part of BMK 2, which turned out to be divorced from BCK 1, it is envisaged to include blocks for coordinating delays and synchronizing transmission in one specified BMK 2. This allows you to organize an autonomous ring subsystem that provides communication between these BMK 2. subscribers of the main system can organize roundabout subscriber lines connecting BAO 17 of the autonomous section with BAO 17 of the central station of the system.

The malfunction of the relay section of the system is based on an estimate of the probability of a signal reception error in this section. Error probabilities are estimated by the number of violations of the linear coding rule of a group signal per unit time. As a linear code in the system adopted a code, usually referred to as a two-level AM1-code (figure 4). This code has pronounced redundant features that make it very easy to implement an error control device.

The use of the inventive system can significantly simplify its design and increase reliability through the use of digital methods of information compression with switching channels, while transmitting a variety of narrow-band information.

For objects with subscriber groups distributed in space, a ring network topology with decentralized control is an economical means of ensuring reliable communication.

The cost-effectiveness of the system increases with increased functionality.

Claims (1)

A multifunctional intra-ship communication system, including a central switching unit (BCC) connected to the operator’s control panel, and local switching units connected to each other and to the BCC in a ring by duplicated fiber-optic communication lines, and the local switching units are connected to terminal devices of telephone subscribers, and through external communication interfaces with subscriber radio, characterized in that the central switching unit contains optical receivers and optical transmitters connected with an encoding / decoding and emergency switching unit for fiber optic lines, to which clock frequency allocation devices, a receiving synchronization unit and a transmission synchronizing unit are connected, which are connected via a linear interface to subscriber equipment units, and the encoding / decoding and emergency switching unit for fiber optic lines through the corresponding block matching delay connected to the corresponding block switching channels, respectively connected to the block synchronization reception, a transmission synchronization unit, a conference communication unit, and a control microcomputer for generating switching command signals is connected to a delay matching unit, an encoding / decoding and emergency switching unit of fiber optic lines, and a conference communication unit.

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