RU2303795C2 - Generator simulating the signals of scanning ship-borne radar reflected from coast-line - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: training of operators of radars devices of processing of radar information to actions for identification of the coast-line from a sea chart at ship floating in the most navigation dangerous areas.

SUBSTANCE: the offered device has a control desk, memory unit, unit of electronic chart library, preliminary record control unit, unit for forming of carrier relative coordinates, on-line memory, unit for forming of a video signal, readout and synchronization unit, coast-line input unit, unit for forming of coast-line relative coordinates, unit for forming of spatial distribution and analysis of radar scanning ability connected in a definite way. The dimension of the simulated area of floating may compose the field of a square with a side of several hundreds of kilometers with a discreteness of coast-line forming equal to the resolving power of the scanning radar in range.

EFFECT: enhanced reliability of simulation of radar reflections from the coast-line on the scanning radar screen relative to the moving ship-carrier of this radar.

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Description

The invention relates to the field of radar, and in particular to simulators of signals reflected from the coastline at the output of the receiver of the survey ship radar, and can be used to train and train radar operators and devices for processing radar information on the identification of the coastline with a sea chart when sailing in the most navigationally dangerous areas, such as narrowness, heavy zone or along the coastline of the selected shipping area.

Known devices that simulate reflections from the earth’s surface, adequate to the type of landscape selected, for aircraft radars, but the structure of these reflections is not tied to a specific terrain or map, and modeling can only be carried out for moving carriers of these radars [1]. A device is known that allows you to form an image on the screen of airplane radars with a synthesized aperture that is adequate to the geographical features of the irradiated area [2], but this region is a circle on the map of the selected area, which is located away from the radar carrier, which will not allow to fully train ship operators Radar for practicing actions when swimming in extended channels, bays, torrential zones, in addition, in devices [1] and [2] the image of the boundaries of landscape types is blurred That is characterized by a greater degree, for aircraft radar.

Known devices for generating reflections from the coastline using video recording equipment [3], which, however, do not allow simulating the free maneuvering of a radar carrier vessel during training, and the navigation area for training can only be selected if there is a corresponding video recording using the same type of radar.

The closest to the claimed one for most essential features is a device containing a control panel, a memory unit, an electronic library of cards block, a preliminary recording control unit, a unit for generating relative coordinates of the medium, a random access memory, a video signal generating unit implemented using a digital-to-analog converter, a noise generator and an adder, a reading and synchronization unit, with their connections [4]. This device provides simulation of signals similar to the signals at the output of the radar receiver, reflected from the coastline and signs of the navigational fence of the selected area of navigation, the receiver's own noise and synchronization signals at the rate of operation of the radar, taking into account the movement of the carrier vessel of this radar, however, the coastline simulator selected as a prototype, it does not allow to simulate the spatial distribution of reflections of radar signals from the coastline, taking into account various conditions adiolokatsionnoy observability, and produce an arbitrary input coastline drawn on a computer screen, a leader in the training depending on the tasks required in the absence of an electronic map.

The objective of the invention is to expand the functionality of the generator of reflected signals from the coastline, which makes it possible to enter an arbitrary coastline by the training leader, as well as modeling the spatial distribution of reflections of radar signals from the coastline, taking into account the type of radar observability and the radar characteristics of the carrier ship.

The technical result consists in increasing the reliability of modeling radar reflections from the coastline on the screen of the surveillance radar relative to the moving carrier vessel of this radar.

The solution to the problem is achieved by the fact that blocks with their connections are introduced into the prototype scheme [4], which make it possible to enter an arbitrary coastline and form a spatial distribution of reflections of radar signals from the coastline, taking into account various conditions of radar observability and radar characteristics of the carrier ship.

The possibility of achieving a technical result is due to the fact that the approximation of the coastline is provided by a large number of points, each of which is equal to the resolution of the surveillance radar in range, their location exactly corresponds to the map of the navigation area or the drawn coastline and is calculated taking into account the type of radar observability, radar characteristics and movement of the radar carrier ship.

Figure 1 shows the structural electrical diagram of the inventive device.

Figure 2 shows an example implementation of the reading unit and synchronization.

Figure 3 shows an example implementation of a block for generating a video signal.

Figure 4 shows the timing diagrams of the operation of the device.

Figure 5 shows an example of the image of the edge of the coastline on the map of the navigation area in the form of a field with axes of coordinate X and Y.

Figure 6 shows an example of the image of the edge of the coastline on the map of the navigation area, transformed relative to the moving radar carrier vessel from the field with the coordinate axes X and Y in the field with the coordinate axes P and D.

Figure 7 shows an example of a coastline image taking into account the type of radar observability, the characteristics of the radar and the movement of the carrier vessel of this radar on the map of the navigation area in the form of a field with the coordinate axes P and D.

A generator that simulates the signals of a survey ship’s radar station reflected from the coastline (ORSBL generator) contains a control panel 1, a memory unit 2, a block 3 of the electronic map library that stores information about the structure of the coastline (ECU), information input unit 4 about the structure of the coastline (VBL), block 5 read and synchronize, block 6 the formation of the relative coordinates of the carrier ship radar (FOKN), block 7 the formation of the relative coordinates of the coastline taking into account the movement and free maneuvering of the bow radar station (FOKBL), coastal line structure pre-recording control unit (UPZ) 8, the spatial distribution and analysis unit for the radar observability of the coastline elements (FPRiARLN) 9, random access memory 10 (RAM) and video signal generation unit (FVS) 11 wherein the output of the control panel 1 is connected by an information bus to the first input of the reading and synchronizing unit 5, with the input of the VBL unit 4, with the input of the ECU unit 3 and with the input of the memory unit 2, the first output of which is connected to the information bus th with the first input of unit 9 FPRiARLN, the first output of which is connected by the information bus to the first input of RAM 10, the second output is connected by the address bus to the second input of the RAM 10, the second input is connected by the information bus to the fourth output of the read and synchronize unit 5, the third input is connected by the address bus with the fifth output of the read and synchronize unit 5, the second output of the memory unit 2 is connected by the information bus to the first input of the FOCL unit 7, the third output is connected by the information bus to the input of the FOCL unit 6, the output of which is connected by the information a bus with a second input of the FOCBL unit 7, the first output of which is connected to the third input of the read and synchronize unit 5 by the information bus, the second output is connected by the address bus to the fourth input of the read and synchronize unit 5, the third input is connected by the information bus to the second output of the read and synchronize unit 5 the fourth input is connected by an address bus to the third output of the reader and synchronization unit 5, the second input of which is connected by an information bus to the output of the UPZ unit 8, the first output is connected to the third input of the unit 8, the first input of which is connected by the information bus to the output of the ECU unit 3, the second input is connected by the information bus to the output of the VBL unit 4, the sixth output of the read and synchronize unit 5 is connected by the synchronization bus to the third input of RAM 10, the seventh output is connected by the address bus to the fourth input of RAM 10, the eighth output is connected by a synchronization bus to the fifth input of RAM 10, the output of which is connected by an information bus to the input of the FVC block 11, the output of which is the first output of the device, the ninth output of the read and synchronize block 5 With the device’s output, the tenth output is the third output of the device.

The read and synchronize unit 5 comprises a clock generator 5-1, a first synchronization unit 5-2, a second synchronization unit 5-3, a first RAM 5-4, a third synchronization unit 5-5, a second RAM 5-6 and a fourth unit 5-7 synchronization, while the first input of the read and synchronize unit 5 is the input of the clock generator 5-1, the first output of which is connected to the second input of the second synchronization unit 5-3, with the input of the fourth synchronization unit 5-7 and is the tenth output of the read and synchronize unit 5 , the second output is connected to the second input ohm of the third synchronization unit 5-5, the third output is connected by the synchronization bus to the first input of the third synchronization unit 5-5 and is the ninth output of the read and synchronize unit 5, the fourth output is connected to the input of the first synchronization unit 5-2 and is the first output of the read unit 5 and synchronization, the first output of the first synchronization unit 5-2 is connected by the address bus to the second input of the first RAM 5-4, the second output is connected by the synchronization bus to the third input of the first RAM 5-4, the third output is connected to the first input of the second 5-3 s synchronization, the first output of which is connected by the address bus with the fourth input of the first RAM 5-4 and is the third output of the read and synchronize unit 5, the second output is connected by the synchronization bus with the third input of the second RAM 5-6 and with the fifth input of the first RAM 5-4, the first the input of which is the second input of the read and synchronize unit 5, the output is the second output of the read and synchronize unit 5, the first output of the third synchronization unit 5-5 is connected by the address bus to the fourth input of the second RAM 5-6 and is the fifth output of the read unit 5 synchronization, the second output is connected by a synchronization bus to the fifth input of the second RAM 5-6 and is the sixth output of the read and synchronize unit 5, the first input of the second RAM 5-6 is the third input of the read and synchronize unit 5, the second input is the fourth input of block 5 read and synchronize, the output is the fourth output of the read and synchronize unit 5, the first output of the fourth synchronization unit 5-7 is the seventh output of the read and synchronize unit 5, the second output is the eighth output of the read unit 5 vany and synchronization.

The device as a whole can be implemented by using computer technology, together with digital-to-analog circuits based on well-known radio elements. The control panel 1, memory unit 2, ECU block 3, FOKN block 6 and FVS block 11 are similar to the prototype blocks. Block 8 UPZ differs from the prototype in the ability to transmit information about the structure of the coastline to the first RAM 5-4, not only from block 3 ECU, but also from block 4 VBL. RAM 10 differs from the prototype in that it stores information about the structure of the coastline in the direction of the current bearing of the antenna, and not about the entire navigation area. Block 5 reading and synchronization provides control of the device blocks, as well as zeroing cells, writing and reading information from RAM 10; differing from the prototype in that:

1) VKPSA block, FARZ block and FARS block are excluded from it;

2) generator 5-1 clock signals - generates clock signals and control signals of the operating modes of blocks 5-2, 5-3, 5-5 and 5-7 synchronization and block 8 UPZ;

3) synchronization blocks 5-2, 5-3, 5-5 and 5-7 - provide for writing and reading information from the first RAM 5-4, the second RAM 5-6 and RAM 10, respectively, zeroing the cells of the second RAM 5-6 and RAM 10, and also form the addresses of the first RAM 5-4, the second RAM 5-6 and RAM 10 when writing and reading information;

4) the first RAM 5-4, the second RAM 5-6 - provide information storage during calculations.

Introduction to the ORSBL generator:

1) block 4 VBL - provides the input of an arbitrary coastline drawn on a computer screen;

2) block 7 FOKBL - provides the calculation of the relative coordinates of the coastline taking into account the movement and free maneuvering of the radar carrier vessel;

3) block 9 FPRiARLN - provides the possibility of forming a spatial distribution of reflections from the coastline, taking into account its ruggedness and various conditions of radar observability.

The device operates as follows. Preparation for operation of the ORSBL generator consists in the fact that from the control panel 1, which can be implemented using the control panel of the survey ship radar and the computer keyboard:

1) A navigation area is selected from the electronic map library or an arbitrary coastline drawn on a computer screen is entered.

2) In block 2 of the memory is entered: the type of radar carrier vessel (large, medium, small ship); type of radar; radar operating modes; the initial coordinates of the radar carrier vessel; initial course and speed of the radar carrier ship; start times and maneuver parameters of the radar carrier ship; coefficient of radar observability.

This information is entered from the computer keyboard, both before and during the operation of the ORSBL generator. Also in the process of entering information about changing the current operating mode of the radar.

In block 2 of the memory, which is a long-term memory device (DZU), storing information entered from the control panel 1, and can be implemented, for example, on the basis of the computer's hard drive or memory registers, in addition to the specified information, data on the technical characteristics of the radar ( range resolution, horizontal radiation pattern width, minimum detection range, maximum detection range, radar antenna mounting height) and maneuverability kah radar carrier vessel (maximum speed, radius of circulation).

ECU block 3 allows for long-term storage of information about the coastline structure in the navigation area in the form of a field with the X and Y coordinate axes. ECU block 3 can be implemented using magnetic-type DZU, for example, a hard disk or a flexible disk. Information about the sailing area is recorded in a specific area of the magnetic medium, for example, in the form of a file, in the following sequence: value of the cell with the address (X ₀ , Y ₀ ), value of the cell with the address (X ₀ , Y ₁ ), ..., value cells with the address (X ₀ , Y _n ); cell value with the address (X _1, Y _0), the value of the cell with address (X _1, Y _1), ..., the cell with address value (X _n, Y _n). Each cell of the field stores information about the presence (log. 1) or absence (log. 0) of the coastline in this cell. During the operation of the ORSBL generator, the values of the cells are read from the desired region of the magnetic carrier in the same sequence in which the recording was made.

Block 4 VBL translates an arbitrary coastline drawn on a computer screen into information about the structure of the coastline in the form of a rectangular field with the coordinate axes X and Y, which is recorded in a specific area of the magnetic carrier in a sequence similar to writing in block 3 ECU. Each cell of the field stores information about the presence (log. 1) or absence (log. 0) of the coastline in this cell. During the operation of the ORSBL generator, the values of the cells are read from the desired region of the magnetic carrier in the same sequence in which the recording was made.

Block 6 FOCN, based on the information received from block 2 of the memory, in real time calculates the current coordinates of the radar carrier vessel during the calculation cycle (Fig. 4, a), after which the calculated coordinates (X _NK , Y _NK ) are received in block 7 FOKBL and stored there until the next. The calculation cycle period T _p is determined by the travel time of the radar carrier ship moving at maximum speed by the range radar resolution in accordance with expression (1):

where Δd is the resolution of the radar in range;

V _max - the maximum speed of the radar carrier ship.

In the first calculation of the location of the medium, the FOCN block 6 receives from the memory block 2 data on the initial position of the medium, its course and speed. In further calculations, the FSKN block 6 uses the coordinates of the previous location of the carrier and the start time of the maneuver. If the current time is less than the start time of the maneuver, then the calculations use the heading and the speed of the carrier, or those entered from the control panel 1. If the current time is equal to the start time of the maneuver, then the course and the speed of the maneuver are used to calculate the next location of the carrier. The functions of block 6 FOCN can perform a special processor or computer.

The generator 5-1 of the clock signals generates at the first output (Fig. 4, b) the pulses of the beginning of the forward sweep (SIC), at the second output (Fig. 4, c) - pulses of the beginning of the reverse sweep (INOX), at the third output - codes the current bearing of the maximum antenna radiation pattern (MDNA), and at the fourth output (Fig. 4, d) is the pulse of the start of work (INR). The period of following the IINR and INOX (T _and ), their temporal arrangement (t _PX is the forward travel time and t _ox is the reverse travel time) and the sequence of changing the antenna bearing codes are determined by the radar operation mode set from the control panel 1. To implement the generator 5-1 clock signals, regarding the modeling of antenna bearing codes, separate devices of the corresponding antenna post can be used. Blocks of radar synchronizers or circuits assembled and functioning according to the same principles and in their parameters corresponding to the simulated radar can be used as an IINR and INOX generator.

Block 8 UPZ after the arrival of INR (third input) during the time t _ts1 transmits information about the structure of the coastline from block 3 ECU or block 4 VBL to the first RAM 5-4 in the same sequence in which the information was recorded. Block 8 UPZ can be implemented on repeaters of type 1533AP5 with the ability to transfer outputs to a high impedance state.

The first block 5-2 synchronization after the arrival of INR during the time t _ts1 :

1) On the address bus (first output), it sequentially generates the addresses X and Y of the first RAM 5-4 (Fig. 4, f) with a frequency equal to the frequency of reading by the block 8 of the UPZ the values of the cells from block 3 of the ECU or block 4 of the VBL: (X ₀ , Y ₀ ), (X ₀ , Y ₁ ), ..., (X ₀ , Y _n ), (X ₁ , Y ₀ ), (X ₁ , Y ₁ ), ..., (X _n , Y _n ).

2) On the synchronization bus (second output) generates a pulse of cycle 1 (IC1) (Fig. 4, d), which is fed to the third input of the first RAM 5-4 and turns it on in the recording mode of information from block 8 of the UPZ.

3) At the third output after the end of IC1 generates a pulse of the end of recording (ICZ) in the first RAM 5-4 (Fig. 4, g), which is fed to the first input of the second synchronization unit 5-3 and puts it in standby mode for generating a cycle pulse reading information from the first RAM 5-4 in block 7 FOCL.

The time required for broadcasting and recording information is determined by the amount of memory of the first RAM 5-4 and the speed of the circuit elements.

The first RAM 5-4 stores information about the structure of the coastline in the form of a rectangular field with the coordinate axes X and Y (Fig. 5), each cell of which stores information about the presence (log. 1) or absence (log. 0) of the coastline in this cell. The write, read and zero address of the cells of the first RAM 5-4 is a pair of numbers (X _n , Y _n ), the first number corresponds to the discrete number of the X coordinate, the second to the discrete number of the Y coordinate; the discrete number is selected from the interval from 1 to n, where n is the total number of discrete in X and Y, defined by the relation (2):

where X _max , Y _max - the maximum dimensions of the coordinate field along the X axis and Y axis;

Δd is the radar resolution in range.

The first input of the first RAM 5-4 is an information input, which receives information about the presence (log. 1) or absence (log. 0) of the coastline from block 8 of the UPZ. The second input of the first RAM 5-4 is an address input, and can be one to eight pins of static RAM, the first half of which receives the addresses of the cells along the X axis, and the second half - along the Y axis. During the write cycle (t _ts1 ) these addresses come from the first output of the first synchronization block 5-2, which is turned on by IDR. Cell addresses are sorted in the sequence: (X ₀ , Y ₀ ), (X ₀ , Y ₁ ), ..., (X ₀ , Y _n ), (X ₁ , Y ₀ ), (X ₁ , Y ₁ ), ..., (X _n , Y _n ) with the frequency of reading the value of the cells by the unit 8 UPZ from block 3 EBK or block 4 VBL. At the same time, a command to record information from the second output of the first synchronization block 5-2 (IC1) is sent to the third input of the first RAM 5-4. The fourth input of the first RAM 5-4 is an address input to which during the cycle of reading (t _c2 ) information from the first output of the second synchronization unit 5-3, the addresses of the cells in the sequence in which the recording was made are fed. At the same time, a command for reading information from the second output of the second synchronization unit 5-3 is sent to the fifth input of the first RAM 5-4. The first RAM 5-4 can be implemented on the well-known elements of large-capacity static RAM.

The second synchronization block 5-3 according to the first IINR (second input) after the arrival of the ICZ (first input) during the time t _c2 :

1) On the address bus (first output), it sequentially generates the addresses of the first RAM 5-4 (Fig. 4, and): (X ₀ , Y ₀ ), (X ₀ , Y ₁ ), ..., (X ₀ , Y _n ), (X ₁ , Y ₀ ), (X ₁ , Y ₁ ), ..., (X _n , Y _n ).

2) On the synchronization bus (second output) generates a pulse of cycle 2 (IC2) (Fig. 4, h), which is fed to the fifth input of the first RAM 5-4 and turns it on in the information reading mode in FOCBL unit 7. The same pulse arrives at the third input of the second RAM 5-6 and puts it in the mode of recording information from block 7 FOCL.

The duration t _p2 is given by (3):

where t _ph - time forward sweep.

FOCBL unit 7, based on the received information from memory unit 2 (range radar resolution, bottom width in the horizontal plane), from FOCN block 6 (calculated current coordinates of the radar carrier vessel), from the first RAM 5-4 (log sequence. 1 and log.0, corresponding to the presence or absence of a coastline element in the cell) and from the second synchronization block 5-3 (cell addresses of the first RAM 5-4), recalculates the addresses of the first RAM 5-4 to the addresses of the second RAM 5-6 ( i.e. coastline coordinates from a Cartesian coordinate system to polar ); the presence of log.1 on the information bus serves as a command to FOCBL unit 7 for recalculation. For each cell of the first RAM 5-4, containing the coastline element, with addresses (X _BL , Y _BL ):

1) The cell address of the second RAM 5-6 is calculated, corresponding to the current values of the bearing and the distance to the edge of the coastline (P _BL , D _BL ), in accordance with the expressions (4), (5), (6), (7), ( 8) and the following conditions:

A) If X _BL ≥X _NC and Y _BL ≥Y _NC , then expressions (4) and (8) are used for calculations;

B) If X _BL ≥X _NK and Y _BL <Y _NK , then expressions (5) and (8) are used for calculations;

C) If X _BL <X _NK and Y _BL <Y _NK , then for the calculations, expressions (6) and (8) are used;

D) If X _BL <X _NC and Y _BL ≥Y _NC , then expressions (7) and (8) are used for calculations.

where P _BL , D _BL - cell addresses of the second RAM 5-6, corresponding to the coordinates of the coastline in a rectangular coordinate system with axes P and D;

X _BL , Y _BL - cell addresses of the first RAM 5-4, corresponding to the coordinates of the coastline in a rectangular coordinate system with axes X and Y;

X _NK , Y _NK - current coordinates of the radar carrier vessel;

Δd is the resolving power of the radar in range;

φ _g - the width of the bottom in the horizontal plane, in degrees.

2) The obtained values of _{BL BL} and D _BL are rounded to the nearest integer value and are transmitted via the address bus (second output) to the second RAM 5-6.

The functions of FOCBL unit 7 can be performed by a special processor or computer.

The second RAM 5-6 stores information about the structure of the coastline in the form of a rectangular field with the coordinate axes P and D (Fig.6), each cell of which stores information about the presence (log. 1) or absence (log. 0) of the coastline in this cell. The write, read and zero address of the cells of the first RAM 5-4 is a pair of numbers (П _k , Д _m ), the first number corresponds to the discrete number of the bearing 77, the second - the number of the discrete range D; the discrete number of the bearing P is selected from the interval from 1 to k, where k is the total number of discretes of the bearing 77, and the number of the discrete of the range D is selected from the interval from 1 to m, where m is the total number of discrete of the range D, determined by relations (9) and ( 10):

where φ _g is the width of the bottom in the horizontal plane, in degrees.

where D _max - the maximum size of the zone looking radar in range;

Δd is the resolving power of the radar in range;

c is the propagation velocity of electromagnetic waves in air;

t _PX - time forward sweep.

The first input of the second RAM 5-6 is an information input, to which the signals of log 1, corresponding to the presence of an element of the coastline in the cell, come from block 7 FOCL. The second input of the second RAM 5-6 is an address input, and can be one to eight pins of static RAM, the first half of which receives the addresses of the cells along the P axis, and the second half - along the D axis. During the write cycle (t _c2 ) from the second output of FOCBL block 7, the addresses (P _BL , D _BL ) corresponding to the addresses of the log 1 record, the presence of the coast line element are received in the cell of the second RAM 5-6. At the same time, a command to record information from the second output of the second synchronization block 5-3 (IC2) is sent to the third input of the second RAM 5-6. The fourth input of the second RAM 5-6 is an address input, to which, during the information reading cycle (t _c3 ), from the first output of the third synchronization unit 5-5, the addresses of the cells necessary for further analysis are supplied. At the same time, the command for reading information from the second output of the third synchronization unit 5-5 is sent to the fifth input of the second RAM 5-6. Also, the fourth input of the second RAM 5-6 during the cycle of zeroing information (t _C4 ) from the first output of the third synchronization block 5-5 are supplied sequentially with the addresses of all cells of the second RAM 5-6. At the same time, a command to reset information from the second output of the third synchronization block 5-5 is sent to the fifth input of the second RAM 5-6. The second RAM 5-6 can be implemented on the well-known elements of large-capacity static RAM.

Third block 5-5 synchronization:

1) For each incoming INOX (second input) during the time t _ts3 :

1.1. On the address bus (first output) it generates the addresses of the second RAM 5-6 (Fig. 4, l), the highest bit of which - P is fixed and equal to the current bearing of the antenna - P _A , the value of which comes in the form of a code on the information bus from the third output of the generator 5-1 clock signals to the first input of the third synchronization block 5-5, and the lower bits D are sequentially sorted from smaller to larger: (P _A , D ₀ ), (P _A , D ₁ ), ..., (P _A , D _m ).

1.2. On the synchronization bus (second output) generates a pulse of cycle 3 (ICZ) (Fig. 4, k), which is fed to the fifth input of the second RAM 5-6 and turns it on in the mode of reading information in block 9 FPRiARLN. The same pulse arrives at the third input of RAM 10 and turns it on in the mode of recording information from block 9 FPRiARLN.

Duration t _w3 is determined by equation (11):

where t _ox is the sweep reverse time.

2) After the end of IC3 with a delay equal to t _c6 , during the time t _c4 .

2.1. On the address bus (first output) generates the addresses of the second RAM 5-6 (Fig. 4, n) in the sequence: (P ₀ , D ₀ ), (P ₀ , D ₁ ), ..., (P ₀ , D _m ), (П ₁ , Д ₀ ), ..., (П _k , Д _m ).

2.2. On the synchronization bus (second output) generates a pulse of cycle 4 (IC4) (Fig. 4, m), which arrives at the fifth input of the second RAM 5-6 and resets its cells.

The duration t _c4 is determined by the relation (12):

where t _oh is the time of the reverse stroke of the sweep;

t _c3 - the duration of cycle 3 (read from the second RAM 5-6).

Block 9 FPRiARLN, based on the information received from block 2 memory (resolution radar range, antenna installation height, minimum radar detection range and radar observability coefficient), from the second RAM 5-6 (sequence log.1 and log.0, corresponding the presence or absence of a coastline element in the cell, in the direction of the current antenna bearing) and from the third synchronization block 5-5 (cell addresses of the second RAM 5-6, corresponding to the direction of the current antenna bearing):

1) Carries out the calculation of the range of radar observability D _RG in accordance with the expression (13):

where K _RLN - coefficient of radar observability;

_A H - height setting the radar antenna.

2) The presence of log.1 on the information bus serves as a command to analyze the radar observability of a given cell, in accordance with condition (14):

where D _BL - range discrete number corresponding to the presence of an element of the coastline in the cell of the second RAM 5-6, in the direction of the current bearing of the antenna;

D _min - the minimum detection range of the radar;

D _RG - the range of the radio horizon;

Δd is the radar resolution in range.

3) If condition (14) is satisfied, then:

3.1. The value of Q _BL is determined - the number of coastline elements in the direction of the current bearing of the antenna;

3.2. If Q _BL = 1, then:

A) A random event is played out - a random number generator (RNG) is launched with a uniform probability density distribution law to obtain the P value (the number of coastline elements involved in the formation of the spatial distribution). The range of the parameter P is from 1 to 10, the resolution is 1.

B) Sequentially for each cell of the second RAM 5-6 with the addresses: (P _BL , D _BL +1), (P _BL , D _BL +2), (P _BL , D _BL +3), ..., (P _BL , D _BL + (P-1)) analysis is performed in accordance with condition (15):

where D _BL - range discrete number corresponding to the presence of an element of the coastline in the direction of the current bearing of the antenna;

p is the serial number of the coastline element involved in the formation of the spatial distribution (p = 1, 2, ... P);

D _RG - the range of the radio horizon;

Δd is the radar resolution in range.

If condition (15) is fulfilled, then in RAM 10, at the address of the cell corresponding to the analyzed range of the coastline element, the signal log.1 is recorded. If condition (15) is not fulfilled, then the analysis of radar observability of coastline elements in the direction of the current bearing of the antenna is terminated and log.0 is written to the first input of RAM 10 on the information bus to this and subsequent addresses.

3.3. If Q _BL > 1, then:

A) A random event is played - the RNG is launched with a uniform probability density distribution law to obtain the P value (the number of coastline elements involved in the formation of the spatial distribution). The range of the parameter P is from 1 to 10, the resolution is 1.

B) Sequentially for each cell of the second RAM 5-6 with the addresses: (P _BL , D _BL1 +1), (P _BL , D _BL1 +2), (P _BL , D _BL1 +3), ..., (P _BL , D _BL1 + (P-1)) analysis is performed in accordance with conditions (16) and (17):

where D _BL1 is the range discrete number corresponding to the range to the first coastline element in the direction of the current antenna bearing;

D _RG - the range of the radio horizon;

Δd is the resolving power of the radar in range;

D _BL2 - range discrete number corresponding to the range to the second coastline element in the direction of the current antenna bearing;

p is the serial number of the coastline element involved in the formation of the spatial distribution (p = 1, 2, ... P).

If conditions (16) and (17) are satisfied, then in RAM 10, at the address of the cell corresponding to the analyzed range of the coastline element, the signal log.1 is recorded; Analysis of the radar observability of coastline elements in the direction of the current bearing of the antenna stops after iterating over all the cells of the second RAM 5-6 with the above addresses, and in RAM 10, at the addresses of the cells, starting from the address (P _BL , D _BL1 + P), log.0 .

If condition (16) is satisfied, but condition (17) is not satisfied, then the analysis of subsequent cells of the second RAM 5-6 containing an element of the coastline is performed in accordance with condition (18):

where D _BLM - the number of discrete ranges corresponding to the range to the M-th element of the coastline in the direction of the current bearing of the antenna;

q is the serial number of the coastline element in the direction of the current bearing of the antenna (q = 2, 3, ... Q _BL );

P is the number of coastline elements involved in the formation of the spatial distribution.

If conditions (16) and (18) are fulfilled, then log.1 is recorded at the address of the analyzed cell; analysis of the radar observability of coastline elements in the direction of the current bearing of the antenna stops after iterating over all the cells of the second RAM 5-6 with the above addresses, and in RAM 10 at the addresses of the cells, starting from the address (P _BL , D _BL1 + (P-1)), log 0 is written.

If conditions (16), (17) and (18) are not satisfied, then the analysis of the radar observability of the coastline elements in the direction of the current bearing of the antenna is terminated and log.0 is written to the first input of RAM 10 on the information bus to this and subsequent addresses.

The functions of block 9 FPRiARLN can perform a special processor or computer.

RAM 10 in its cells stores information about the presence (log. 1) or absence (log. 0) of the coastline in the direction of the current bearing of the antenna. The write, read and zero address of the RAM 10 cells is the range discrete number, selected sequentially from the interval from 1 to m, where m is the total number of range discrete D, determined by the relation (10). The first input of RAM 10 is an information input, which receives information about the presence (log. 1) or absence (log. 0) of coastline elements in the direction of the current bearing of the antenna from the first output of block 9 FPRiARLN. The second input of RAM 10 is an address input and can be from one to eight pins of static RAM, to which the addresses of the cells along the D axis correspond to the direction of the current bearing of the antenna, in the sequence in which the readings were made from the second RAM 5-6. During the recording cycle, these addresses are set by block 9 FPRiARLN and come from its second output. At the same time, a command to write information to RAM 10 (ICZ) from the second output of the third synchronization block 5-5 is supplied to the third input of RAM 10. The fourth input of RAM 10 is an address input to which the address cells D are fed during a cycle of reading information from the first output of the fourth sync block 5-7 corresponding to the current direction of the antenna bearing, in sequence: D _0, D _1, ..., D _m . At the same time, a command to read information from the second output of the fourth synchronization block 5-7 is sent to the fifth input of RAM 10. Also, the fourth input of RAM 10 during the cycle of zeroing information (t _C6 ) from the first output of the fourth block 5-7 synchronization sequentially addresses all the cells of RAM 10. In this case, the fifth input of RAM 10 sends a command to reset information from the second output of the fourth block 5- 7 synchronization. RAM 10 can be implemented on the well-known elements of large-capacity static RAM.

Fourth block 5-7 synchronization:

1) For each IINR coming to its input during the time t _c5 :

1.1. On the address bus (first output) generates RAM addresses 10 (Fig. 4, p) in the sequence: D ₀ , D ₁ , ..., D _m .

1.2. On the synchronization bus (second output) generates a pulse of cycle 4 (IC5) (figure 4, o), which is fed to the fifth input of RAM 10 and turns it on in the mode of reading information in the DAC 11-2.

The duration t _C5 is determined by the relation (19):

where t _ph - time forward sweep.

2. After the end of IC5 for a time t _c6 :

2.1. On the address bus (first output) generates addresses of RAM 10 (Fig. 4, c) in the sequence: D ₀ , D ₁ , ..., D _m .

2.2. On the synchronization bus (second output) generates a pulse of cycle 6 (IC6) (Fig. 4, p), which arrives at the fifth input of RAM 10 and resets its cell.

The duration t _C6 is determined by the relation (20):

wherein t _ox - the reverse sweep stroke;

t _c3 - the duration of cycle 3 (read from the second RAM 5-6).

Blocks 5-2, 5-3, 5-5, and 5-7, respectively, the first, second, third, and fourth synchronization blocks, are conventional standby blocking oscillators, which can also be implemented on well-known microcircuits.

When reading information from the output of RAM 10 about the presence or absence of the coastline, with a delay relative to the IIN, corresponding to the number of the selected range discrete, it is transmitted via the information bus to the DAC 11-2, where it is converted into a video signal similar to the radar signal when reflections from the coastline are detected.

Block 11 FVS can be implemented on well-known schemes. The components of this unit are the DAC 11-2, which in the case of a signal at the output, for example 039, converts it into an analog video signal of the corresponding duration and amplitude, a noise generator 11-1 that simulates the receiver's own noise, and an adder 11-3 combining the video signal from the coastline and simulated receiver noise.

The device provides an imitation of the navigation area with dimensions determined by the ratio of the speed of its blocks, time t _Пх , t _ox , Т _и , Т _р and the RAM memory, which for modern radars, computer equipment is a square field, the side of which can reach several hundred kilometers.

The first output of the ORSBL generator receives the video signals generated by the FBC unit 11. The second output receives the codes of the current bearing of the antenna (MDNA). On the third output - IIT, to synchronize the operation of the device and the radar. When signals are supplied from the generator outputs to the inputs of survey radars and radar information processing devices, the operation of the survey radar when navigating along the coast line under various conditions of radar observability at the rate of radar operation taking into account the movement of the radar carrier vessel is simulated with reliability, which allows training and training operators to elementary actions to quickly and accurately measure the coordinates of prominent points on the coastline. These signals allow you to connect the ORSBL generator directly to the inputs of the indicator devices of the ship's surveillance radars and at the same time not to use the other devices of the radar's transceiver path in the process of training and training of operators, which increases the overall resource of the station.

List of sources used

1. US patent No. 4168582, cl. G01S 9/00; G11C 19/00, 1979.

2. US patent No. 5192208, class. G09B 9/00, 1993.

3. B.P. Bichaev, V.M. Zelenin, L.I. Novik. Marine simulators. - L .: Shipbuilding, 1986, p.120-126.

4. RF patent No. 2178571, IPC 6 G01S 7/40, 2002 (prototype).

Claims (1)

A generator that simulates signals from a ship’s survey radar station reflected from the coastline, contains a control panel, a memory unit, an electronic map library unit that stores information about the structure of the coastline (ECU block), a control unit for preliminary recording of the structure of the coastline (block UPZ), a unit for generating the relative coordinates of the radar carrier vessel (FOCN unit), random access memory (RAM), a video signal generating unit (FVS unit), a reading and synchronization unit, characterized in that about, a block for inputting information about the shoreline structure (VBL block), a block for generating relative coordinates of the coastline taking into account the movement and free maneuvering of the radar carrier vessel (FOKBL block), a block for generating the spatial distribution of signal reflections from the coastline, and radar observability analysis are introduced elements of the coastline (block FPRiARLN), while the output of the control panel is connected by an information bus to the first input of the reading and synchronization unit, which is the input of information about the mode the operation of the radar, with the input of the VBL unit, which is the input of information about the structure of an arbitrary coastline, with the input of the ECU block, which is the input of information about the structure of the coastline, and with the input of the memory block, which is the input of information about the type of radar carrier vessel, the initial coordinates of the carrier vessel Radar, the initial course and speed, the moments of the start of maneuvers and the maneuver parameters of the radar carrier ship, the type of radar and its operating modes, the radar observability coefficient in the selected navigation area, the first output of which is connected with information a given bus with the first input of the FPIRiRLN unit, which is the input of information on the technical characteristics of the radar, the antenna installation height on the radar carrier vessel, the radar observational coefficient, the first output of which is connected by the information bus to the first RAM input, which is the input of information about the presence or absence of coastline elements in the direction of the current bearing of the antenna, taking into account radar observability in the selected navigation area, the second output is connected by the address bus to the second RAM input, which is the input and formations about the addresses of the cells along the D axis corresponding to the direction of the current antenna bearing, the second input is connected by the information bus to the fourth output of the reader and synchronization unit, which is the output of information about the presence or absence of the coastline element in the direction of the current antenna bearing, the third input is connected by the address bus to the fifth the output of the reading and synchronization unit, which is the output of information about the structure of the coastline in the form of a rectangular field with the coordinate axes P and D corresponding to the direction of the current antenna bearing, the second output of the memory unit is connected by the information bus to the first input of the FOKBL unit, which is the input of information about the technical characteristics of the radar, the third output is connected by the information bus to the input of the FOKN unit, which is the input of information about the initial coordinates, course and speed of the radar carrier vessel, moments the beginning and maneuver parameters taking into account the radius of circulation of the radar carrier ship, the output of which is connected by an information bus to the second input of the FOKBL unit, which is an input of information on the current coordinates of the vessel of the radar carrier, the first output of which is connected by the information bus to the third input of the reading and synchronization unit, which is the input of information about the current values of the bearing and the distance from the radar carrier vessel to the edge of the coastline, the second output is connected by the address bus to the fourth input of the reading and synchronization unit, which is data input on the presence of coastline elements and the need for further analysis of the read information, the third input is connected by an information bus to the second output of the read and synchronize unit, i the output of information about the structure of the coastline in the form of a rectangular field with the coordinate axes X and Y, the fourth input is connected by an address bus to the third output of the reader and synchronization unit, which is the output of information about the presence or absence of coastline elements, the second input of which is connected by an information bus to the output unit UPZ, which is the output of the transmitted information about the structure of the coastline in the navigation area, the first output is connected to the third input of the unit UPZ, the first input of which is connected oh with the output of the ECU block and being the input of information about the structure of the coastline in the navigation area, the second input is connected by an information bus to the output of the VBL block, which is the output of information about the structure of the arbitrary coast line, the sixth output of the reader and synchronization unit is connected by the synchronization bus to the third RAM input, which is the input of information about the command to write information to RAM from the FPRiARLN unit, the seventh output is connected by the address bus to the fourth RAM input and is the address input to which is read during the cycle The information addresses the cells D _m corresponding to the direction of the current bearing of the antenna, the eighth output is connected by a synchronization bus to the fifth RAM input, which is the input of information on sending commands to read data from RAM to the FVS unit and to zero data to RAM, the output of which is connected by an information bus to the input FVS unit, which is the input of information about the presence or absence of the coastline, with a delay relative to the pulse of the beginning of the forward course of the sweep (IIN), corresponding to the number of the selected range discrete, the output of which th is the first output of the device, the ninth output of the reader and synchronization unit is the second output of the device, the tenth output is the third output of the device.

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