RU2303586C2 - Insulating compound for sealing-up porous materials - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: sealing-up porous materials - concrete, bricks, gypsum, ceramic, stone.

SUBSTANCE: proposed insulating compound of permeatic action contains mixture of salts formed by the following metals: lithium, sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, iron, aluminum, titanium and by aids of the following series: sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid, nitric acid, nitrous acid, silicic acid, carbonic acid, boric acid, phosphoric acid at the following ratio of ions, ion mass/100 g of mixtures of salts: lithium, 0-6.9; sodium, 0.7-48.2; potassium, 0-41.5; calcium, 5-25; magnesium, 0-6; iron, 0-4.9; aluminum, 0.01-4.90; titanium, 0-4.2; sulfate, 0.8-28.6; chloride, 0.01-5.8; nitrate, 4.9-64; nitrite, 0-24.5; silicate, 0-10; carbonate, 0.1-10; borate, 0-4.2; phosphate, 0-6.7. Compound contains additionally surfactant in the amount not exceeding 4 g/100 g of mixture of salts. Acid number of compound does not exceed 300 mg KOH/g of mixture of salts. Compound contains natural salts and/or salts selected from wastes or semi-products of industries. Compound may additionally includes binder or filler in the amount not exceeding 100-fold magnitude of mass of salts, or dye.

EFFECT: enhanced efficiency; availability and universality.

12 cl, 4 ex

Description

The invention relates to means used for sealing porous materials, in particular to the development of a new insulating penetrating composition for sealing such porous building materials as, for example, concrete, brick, gypsum, ceramics, stone.

There are many penetrating agents for the isolation of porous materials used in construction. The main objective of such funds is to provide waterproofing of building structures. The means used for penetrating the insulation of porous building materials, as a rule, are multicomponent compositions, including components for various purposes. The basis of such compositions is a group of components that provides clogging of the pores of building materials (mudding). Moreover, it is recommended to use compositions based on a comprehensively selected group of components in which the negative properties of individual components are leveled and their positive properties are strengthened (Handbook of a construction laboratory worker in a concrete goods plant. - Kiev: Budivelnik, 1980, p. 38). For example, compositions based on:

- sodium carbonate and potassium chloride (A.S. USSR 540847);

- sodium chloride, sodium carbonate and sodium sulfate (A.S. USSR 629184);

- hypochloride, calcium hydroxide and carbonate, oxides of magnesium, silicon, iron and aluminum (A.S. USSR 823360);

- carbonate, sulfate, nitrate, sodium chloride and calcium nitrate (RF patent 2052413);

- carbonate, sulfate, sodium nitrate, oxide, nitrate and calcium metasilicate (RF patent 2052413);

- carbonate, nitrate, sodium sulfate, chloride, carbide, calcium hydroxide (RF patent 2072335);

- carbonate, hydrogen carbonate, sulfate, sodium nitrate, hydroxide, calcium nitrate, carbonate, hydrogen carbonate, potassium nitrate and lithium nitrate (RF patent 2165911).

The effect obtained as a result of the use of most commercially available insulating compounds is close, therefore, the cost and breadth of the areas of application of such a composition are of key importance.

One of the directions of expanding the areas of application of the insulating composition is to create compositions that include organic components. For example, compositions are known comprising:

- sodium silicate and polysiloxane (US patent 5246495);

- calcium carbonate or iron oxide, oleic or stearic acid (US patent 4753679);

- aqueous emulsions of resins and waxes (US patent 6652643 and 6315825);

- an aqueous solution or emulsion (or suspension) of a fluorinated polymer and a surfactant (US patent 6383569).

The main advantage of insulating compositions based on organic components is the preservation of the visual texture of the processed material, which allows them to be used not only for treating concrete surfaces, but also for decorative surfaces, for example, from brick, stone, and ceramics. However, compositions based on organic components have a higher cost than most compositions based on inorganic components, which limits their widespread use.

It should also be noted that a significant factor limiting the scope of all insulating compositions is the use in a ready-to-use form of the composition as a cement binder and only sand as a filler (RF patents 2052413, 2165911, US patent 4878948). At the same time, it is not always possible not to use at all in the ready-to-use form the composition of binders and fillers due to the need to protect the treated surface from subsequent washing out of the additive components and to prevent shrinkage phenomena.

The closest solution is the prototype of the present invention is the solution set forth in the patent of the Russian Federation 2165911, which is a composition comprising:

- inorganic ionogenic complex additive (alkali and alkaline earth metal nitrates selected from the group LiNO ₃ , NaNO ₃ , KNO ₃ , Ca (NO ₃ ) ₂ , sodium sulfate, alkali metal carbonates and hydrogen carbonates selected from the group NaHCO ₃ , Na ₂ CO ₃ , KHCO ₃ , K ₂ CO ₃ , calcium hydroxide);

- filler - sand;

- binder - cement;

- water;

in the following ratio of components, wt.%:

- nitrates of alkaline and alkaline-earth metals selected from the group LiNO ₃ , NaNO ₃ , KNO ₃ , Ca (NO ₃ ) ₂ 1.1-2.2 - sodium sulfate 0.25-0.60 - alkaline carbonates and bicarbonates metals selected from the group NaHCO ₃ , Na ₂ CO ₃ , KHCO ₃ , K ₂ CO ₃ 0.55-1.2 - calcium hydroxide 0.04-0.1 - cement 25.0-37.5 - sand 37.5-50.0 - water rest

The main disadvantage of the prototype:

- the narrowness of the raw material base on the basis (basis or active principle) of the composition — a mixture of salts (a limited list of components of the composition and raw materials used to prepare the composition is used, and only individual compounds are products of chemical industries);

- narrowness of the raw material base for auxiliary (additional) components - for binder (only cement is used) and filler (only sand is used);

- narrow areas of application of the composition (only for processing concrete products).

The objective of the present invention is to expand the arsenal of tools used for penetrating insulation (sealing) of porous building materials by developing a new insulating composition that combines the availability of compositions based on inorganic components and the versatility of compositions including organic components suitable for processing not only concrete products, but and products from other porous building materials such as brick, gypsum, ceramics, stone.

The problem is solved by creating a new insulating composition, in which universality is ensured by using a wider raw material base, and accessibility - by using not only individual compounds - products of chemical industries as raw materials, but also more accessible raw materials - salts of natural origin, as well as salts, being waste or intermediate products, for example:

- sodium sulfate, contaminated with impurities of nitrite and sodium nitrate, formed as waste in the traditional purification of aromatic nitro compounds by the sulfite method;

- sodium sulfate contaminated with sodium chloride, by-produced in the production of sodium chloride from natural raw materials;

- a mixture of metal nitrites and nitrates, intermediate obtained in the production of metal nitrites and nitrates by saturation of alkaline solutions of these metals with nitrogen oxides;

- sodium or potassium silicates, also containing lithium silicate, known as liquid glass.

Of the salts of natural origin, it is worth mentioning minerals such as tenardite and mirabilite, which are sodium sulfate with a different proportion of crystallization water; nitro-calcite - four-water calcium nitrate; glauberite - a mixture of sodium and calcium sulfates; glaserite - a mixture of sodium and potassium sulfates; dolomite - a mixture of magnesium and calcium carbonates; cainite - a mixture of magnesium sulfate and potassium chloride; langbainite, leonite and shenite - a mixture of magnesium and potassium sulfates.

It should also be noted that for the manufacture of the proposed insulating composition, the use of salts (minerals) both in the solid state of aggregation and in the form of solutions (mineral waters) of both natural (brine) and artificial origin is considered.

Another important aspect that you need to pay attention to when describing the formulation of the composition is the well-known phenomenon of electrochemical dissociation of electrolytes. The decomposition of salt molecules used as a raw material of an insulating composition resulting from electrochemical dissociation leads to the formation of ions, the recombination of which causes the formation of not only the initial salts, but also other salts (in which there has been a complete or partial change of cations or anions compared to the initial salt) . And the water necessary for the indicated chemical transformations is always used as an additive in the insulating composition either in its production (A.S. USSR 823360, 540847, RF patent 2149849, 2165911), or before its use, as well as if the composition is used at the stage manufacturing of building material (Handbook for the production of precast concrete products. - M.: Stroyizdat, 1982, p. 43-45). As a result, the qualitative and quantitative description of the formulation of insulating compositions “by dosage” (ie, raw materials) traditionally used by most developers does not always correspond to the actual formulation of the prepared insulating composition, i.e. does not correspond to those components that are present in the prepared insulating composition. This mainly concerns compounds with which irreversible chemical changes occur during the preparation of the insulating composition, such as the formation of calcium hydroxide from quicklime or calcium sulfate from calcium nitrate and sodium sulfate. Therefore, it was decided to abandon the use of the traditional scheme of qualitative and quantitative description of the composition of the insulating composition in favor of a more accurate scheme - ionic. The ionic scheme describes the composition itself and involves the separation of the composition into cations and anions, and their determination both in the form of ions and in the form of corresponding oxides or hydroxides (acids and bases). Such a scheme is widely used for the quantitative and qualitative description of multicomponent mineral products such as minerals (including silicate materials), mineral fertilizers, mineral waters (Technical analysis. - 3rd ed., Revised and additional - M. : High School, 1979, p. 377-457).

For comparison, we present the recipe for the prototype and two other close solutions in the system of concentration units based on separation into ions (mass of the ion in the composition, g / (100 g of the composition ^* ):

component Prototype RF patent RF patent 2149849 2052413 - lithium 0-5.6 0 0 - sodium 2.0-32.5 23.0-23.9 23.6-42.7 - potassium 0-46.9 0 0 - calcium 0-17.3 10.6-12.6 0.1-4.7 - sulfate 3.4-8.4 19.1 11.5-22.5 - chloride 0 0 0.2-0.3 - nitrate 16.5-49.2 26.6-28.1 10.9-31.5 - silicate 0 2.7-4.3 0 - carbonate 3.2-9.2 4.3-4.9 9.2-12.55

Note - hereinafter, in the quantitative description of the components of the composition, auxiliary components (binder and filler) are described additionally and when calculating the active principle, salt mixtures (composition basis) are not taken into account, unless otherwise indicated.

The penetrating insulating composition of the present invention for sealing porous materials is a mixture of salts formed by metals from the list: lithium, sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, iron, aluminum, titanium, and acids from the list: sulfuric, hydrochloric, nitric, nitrous , silicon, coal, boric, phosphoric, with the following ratio of ions, the mass of the ion in the specified composition, g / 100 g of the specified mixture of salts:

- lithium 0-6.9 - sodium 0.7-48.2 - potassium 0-41.5 - calcium 5-25 - magnesium 0-6 - iron 0-4.9 - aluminum 0.01-4.90 - titanium 0-4,2 - sulfate 0.8-28.6 - chloride 0.01-5.8 - nitrate 4.9-64 - nitrite 0-24.5 - silicate 0-10 - carbonate 0,1-10 - borate 0-4,2 - phosphate 0-6.7.

To enhance the penetrating effect, the composition may additionally contain surfactants in an amount of not more than 4 g / 100 g of the indicated mixture of salts.

To prevent acid corrosion of the processed material, the acid number of the specified composition should not exceed 300 mg KOH / g of the specified mixture of salts.

As these salts, the composition contains salts of natural origin and / or salts, which are waste or intermediate products.

To enhance the insulating effect, to prevent the washing of the components of the composition, to create a decorative effect on the treated surface, the composition may additionally contain a binder - cement or gypsum, or a polymer-forming product of organic or organoelement in an amount not exceeding 100 times the amount of the specified mixture of salts, or filler - sand or talc, or kaolin, or soot, or an organic polymer in an amount not exceeding 100 times the mass of the specified mixture of salts.

As sand, the composition may contain sand from slag or basalt, or apatite, and as an organic polymer, waste - crumbs or dust of organic polymeric materials.

To enhance the decorative effect on the treated surface, the composition may further contain a dye.

The purpose of most of the components of the composition is well covered in the patents of the Russian Federation 2149849, 2165911 and A.S. USSR 823360, 540847. In addition, it should be noted that the formulation of the proposed composition also allows the use of titanium compounds, which, along with compounds of other polyvalent metals (including divalent), are structural elements for the formation of a crystal lattice (for which salts of dibasic, tribasic acids). Moreover, titanium-based polymers are characterized by high chemical resistance and have good adhesion to metals and silicate materials (Losev IP, Trostyanskaya EB Chemistry of synthetic polymers. - M.: Chemical literature, 1960, p. 497-499), what predetermined their use in the proposed composition. Although data on the use of titanium salts in similar insulating compositions could not be found.

In addition, since the preparation of the proposed composition uses not only individual chemical compounds, as well as mixtures of salts of various origins (minerals, waste and intermediate products), the insulating composition may include additional components that are not targeted (ballast), and therefore quantitatively not defined.

To enhance the penetrating effect of the composition, it is allowed to use surface-active substances (surfactants) of both ionic and nonionic types, as well as based on both natural products and fully synthetic products. For example, cellosolves, salts of butyric, 2-ethylhexanoic, stearic, ricinoleic acids, as well as mixed soaps are alkaline hydrolysis or neutralization products (including pre-sulfonated ones) of various oils, fats, pitch, alkyl and alkylbenzenesulfonates. Quantitatively, the addition of surfactants should not exceed 4 g / (100 g of the composition).

To prevent acid corrosion of the treated surface, the composition, if necessary, is neutralized with base additives selected from the basic salts listed in the basis of the composition of metals or their oxides, hydroxides or alcoholates. And since in this case the neutralization process does not affect the qualitative content of the target ions in the composition formulation, but only their quantitative characteristics (increasing the number of metal ions), the result of this treatment can be characterized only as the acid number of the composition, which should not exceed 300 mg KOH / (g composition).

The binder and filler are auxiliary components of the insulating composition and, as a rule, are not used when the insulating composition is introduced into the material at the stage of its production. And the need to use a binder and filler in the surface treatment of materials with an insulating composition is established based on the direction of use of the insulating composition.

In terms of expanding the raw material base of the binder, it is proposed to use not only cement, but also other polymer-forming products, both mineral and organic, both of natural origin and synthetic. When choosing a binder, they are guided either by the principle of similarity, for example, cement is more suitable for processing concrete surfaces, gypsum (alabaster) - gypsum, or the need to create an additional decorative effect on the treated surface (gloss, dullness, color, etc.). To preserve the visual texture of decorative surfaces, colorless or slightly colored binders should be used, which are the majority of polymer-forming products of organic and organoelemental origin. The amount of binder depends on its type and on the requirements for the treated surface, but the use of a binder in an amount exceeding 100 times (by weight) the amount of the composition base (i.e. when the basis is less than 1% of the binder) is not advisable.

The filler is used if it is necessary to create an upper protective layer on the treated surface of such a thickness when shrinkage phenomena become apparent after drying of the treated surface, as well as to reduce the cost of such a composition. When choosing a filler, as a rule, they are guided by the same principles as when choosing a binder. The most common fillers are sand of various origins (including small fractions of slag, basalt, apatite, etc.), talc, kaolin, soot, organic polymers (including waste - crumbs, dust generated in the manufacture of products based on organic polymeric materials). The amount of filler (as well as binder) depends on its type and on the requirements for the treated surface, but the use of filler in an amount exceeding 100 times the amount of the composition basis (i.e. when the basis is less than 1% of the filler) is impractical.

To enhance the decorative effect of the treated surface, in addition to the binder and filler, the use of dyes is additionally allowed.

In total, the use for the preparation of the insulating composition of a wider range of components and raw materials, including cheap raw materials of natural origin, as well as waste and intermediate products of a number of industries, allows us to create an insulating composition for sealing porous materials, combining the availability of known compounds based on inorganic substances and the versatility of compositions based on organic matter.

And the additionally envisaged use of various binders and fillers, as well as dyes, allows not only to harden the treated surface against leaching of the components of the insulating composition, but also to give the treated surface the required decorative effect.

Distinctive characteristics of the proposed composition are:

- use of other components. In particular, in comparison with the prototype, the proposed composition uses salts formed by hydrochloric acid (i.e., contains chloride ion) and salts formed by aluminum (i.e. contains aluminum-ion) that are absent in the prototype, and is also allowed the use of salts formed by nitrous, silicic, boric and phosphoric acid, and the use of salts formed by magnesium, iron, aluminum and titanium;

- the use of a different quantitative ratio of components. In particular, in comparison with the prototype, the proposed insulating composition has a wider range of salts formed by lithium and sodium; already a range of salts formed by potassium and calcium; the ranges for salts formed by magnesium, iron, titanium are not comparable, because these salts are not provided in the prototype; and the range of salts formed by aluminum does not overlap with the prototype, because in the proposed insulating composition, aluminum salts are required, but are not provided in the prototype. As for the acidic part, the proposed insulating composition has a wider range for salts formed by sulfuric, nitric and carbonic acids; the ranges for salts formed by nitrous, silicic, boric and phosphoric acid are not comparable, because these salts are not provided in the prototype; and the range of salts formed by hydrochloric acid does not overlap with the prototype, because in the proposed insulating salt of hydrochloric acid is required, and the prototype is not provided;

- the use of not only individual salts - products of chemical industries, but also salts of natural origin (including mixed salts), as well as salts that are waste or intermediate products.

In terms of auxiliary components (binder, filler), in addition to cement and sand, the use of gypsum, polymer-forming products of organic and organoelemental origin, talc, kaolin, soot, organic polymers (including waste - crumbs, dust generated during the manufacture of products is also provided based on organic polymeric materials), as well as dye.

The method of preparation of the composition is the usual mechanical mixing of raw materials in water (with preliminary drying, fractionation or without them, depending on the quality of the raw materials used) and does not constitute an object of the invention, therefore, is given in the description without patenting it.

The practical use of the proposed structure is illustrated by the following examples.

1. Composition based on individual compounds - products of chemical industries

The salts used are pre-calcined to remove water, the sintered lumps are crushed. Weighs are taken only after calcination.

Using a mechanical mixer, a composition of the following is prepared: 350 g of sodium nitrate, 200 g of sodium carbonate, 357.1 g of sodium sulfate, 42.1 g of aluminum sulfate, 50 g of sodium chloride, 400 g of calcium nitrate and 30 g of calcium hydroxide; which contains ((mass of ion, g) / (100 g of composition)): sodium - 22.1, calcium - 9.9, aluminum - 0.5, sulfate - 15.5, chloride - 2.1, nitrate - 39 , 1, carbonate - 4.3.

The performance of the obtained insulating composition was tested in comparison with the inorganic ionogenic complex additive of the prototype, as well as similar active principles (target additives) of the inventions, characterized by RF patents 2149849 and 2052413. We used the composition and additives as by introducing them into a concrete solution (0.4% by weight ), and by treating concrete, brick surfaces (double processing with an interval of 3 hours). For surface treatment, red brick of the M100 brand and cubes (10 × 10 × 10 cm) made of concrete of the M200 brand with a maturing time of at least 20 days were used. The obtained samples (processed materials) were tested for water tightness on an AGAMA-2P type instrument. It was found that for all samples, including samples treated with the proposed composition, the water resistance is within the grades W12-W20, which is acceptable for most applications of such compositions. For control samples without treatment, the water resistance was consistent with the W2 grade.

The introduction into the formulation of the composition described in this example, 3 g of titanium ethylate (i.e. 0.06 g of titanium ion per 100 g of composition) showed a slight increase (by 2 units) in the water resistance of the treated surface.

With the additional use of a binder (400 grade cement, vinyl acetate emulsion), as well as a filler (sand; powder obtained from fiberglass wastes) (the binder-filler ratio 0.5-1 ÷ 1 was used) in 2.5-5 times the quantity, along with with an increase in water tightness, external defects (cracks, shells) were eliminated, and the formation of “efflorescences” was not observed, which manifested in some cases during processing without the use of a binder and filler.

Along the way, due to the use of an insulating composition, the effects of hardening of the treated material, increasing its corrosion resistance and frost resistance are well known for such compositions and have not been specifically determined.

2. Composition comprising compounds of natural origin

The preparation of salts is carried out according to example 1.

On a mechanical mixer, a composition is prepared from batch: 400 g of sodium nitrate, 15 g of sodium carbonate, 400 g of glaserite (containing 48% sodium sulfate and 37% potassium sulfate), 50 g of carnalite (containing 31% potassium chloride and 58% magnesium chloride), 255 g of calcium nitrate, 280 g of aluminum sulfate and 30 g of dolomite (containing 56% calcium carbonate and 32% magnesium carbonate); which contains ((mass of ion, g) / (100 g of composition)): sodium - 12.3, potassium - 5.2, magnesium - 0.7, calcium - 6.1, aluminum - 3.1, sulfate - 21 , 4, chloride - 2, nitrate - 33.9, carbonate - 1.

Checking the obtained insulating composition was carried out as described in example 1. The samples after processing for water resistance also did not go beyond the range of grades W12-W20.

Additional introduction of surfactants (sodium stearate) at the rate of 0.1 g / (100 g of the composition) by 7-10% accelerated the penetration of the composition into the processed material (determined by cleavage 30 minutes after treatment), but did not significantly change the water resistance led.

As an example of the use of the dye, an ocher additive was used in the composition at the rate of 5 g / (100 g of the composition), and after processing, a yellowish surface was obtained.

3. The composition with a predominance of polyvalent metals and dibasic tribasic acids

The preparation of salts is carried out according to example 1.

On a mechanical mixer, a composition of batch is prepared: 28 g of sodium carbonate, 14 g of sodium sulfate, 314 g of aluminum sulfate, 100 g of iron sulfate, 115 g of calcium chloride, 72 g of sodium phosphate, 72 g of sodium borate, 143 g of sodium silicate, 286 g calcium nitrite and 286 g of calcium nitrate; which contains ((mass of ion, g) / (100 g of composition)): sodium - 8.9, calcium - 17.0, iron - 2.6, aluminum - 3.5, sulfate - 14.5, chloride - 5 , 1, nitrate - 15.2, nitrite - 13.9, silicate - 6.2, carbonate - 0.6, borate - 0.7, phosphate - 1.4.

Verification of the obtained insulating composition was carried out as described in Example 1. The samples treated with the composition did not go beyond the range of grades W12-W20 for water resistance.

The additional use of an organic binder of polyvinyl acetate dispersion (10% aqueous solution) in a 5-fold amount by weight of the composition during sample processing led to a slight increase in water resistance, not beyond the range of waterproof brands W12-W20. Moreover, after drying, a thin transparent film was observed on the treated surface, under which the texture of the concrete surface of the sample was visible.

4. Composition made from a minimum set of salts

The preparation of salts is carried out according to example 1.

Using a mechanical mixer, a composition of the following is prepared: 944 g of lithium nitrate, 200 g of sodium carbonate, 72 g of aluminum sulfate, 129 g of calcium chloride and 85 g of calcium nitrate; which contains ((mass of ion, g) / (100 g of composition)): lithium - 6.7, sodium - 6.0, calcium - 5.1, aluminum - 0.8, sulfate - 2.3, chloride - 5 , 8, nitrate - 63.6, carbonate - 4.3.

Verification of the obtained insulating composition was carried out as described in Example 1. The samples treated with the composition did not go beyond the range of grades W12-W20 for water resistance.

The additional use of gypsum as a mineral binder in a 10-fold amount by weight of the composition did not lead to a significant change in the waterproofing results, but allowed to smooth the surface of the samples and give it a grayish-white color.

The additional use as a mineral cement cement of grade 400 in a 10-fold quantity by weight of the composition did not lead to a significant change in the waterproofing results, but allowed to smooth the surface of the samples.

The additional use along with a binder (cement of grade 400) in 10 times the mass of the composition of the same amount of slag fractions of less than 0.7 mm also did not lead to a significant change in the results on water resistance, however, it allowed not only to smooth the surface of the samples, but also to putty small defects (shells and chips). The use of a fraction of less than 2 mm also did not affect the water resistance of the samples under the same conditions, instead of slag of colored crumb of polyethylene terephthalate (crushed waste plastic bottles), but allowed to obtain a surface decorated with colored inclusions.

Claims (12)

1. The insulating penetrating composition for sealing porous materials, which is a mixture of salts, characterized in that the salts used are salts formed by metals from the list: lithium, sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, iron, aluminum, titanium, and acids from list: sulfuric, hydrochloric, nitric, nitrous, silicon, coal, boric, phosphoric, with the following ratio of ions, ion mass, g / 100 g of the indicated mixture of salts: lithium 0-6.9 sodium 0.7-48.2 potassium 0-41.5 calcium 5-25 magnesium 0-6 iron 0-4.9 aluminum 0.01-4.90 titanium 0-4,2 sulfate 0.8-28.6 chloride 0.01-5.8 nitrate 4.9-64 nitrite 0-24.5 silicate 0-10 carbonate 0,1-10 borate 0-4,2 phosphate 0-6.7 2. The composition according to claim 1, characterized in that it additionally contains surfactants in an amount of not more than 4 g / 100 g of the specified mixture of salts. 3. The composition according to claim 1, characterized in that the acid number of the specified composition should not exceed 300 mg KOH / g of the specified mixture of salts. 4. The composition according to claim 1, characterized in that as these salts it contains salts of natural origin and / or salts, which are waste or intermediate products. 5. The composition according to 1, characterized in that it additionally contains a binder - cement or gypsum, or a polymer-forming product of organic or organoelemental origin in an amount not exceeding 100 times the mass of the specified mixture of salts. 6. The composition according to claim 1, characterized in that it further comprises a filler - sand or talc, or kaolin, or soot, or an organic polymer in an amount not exceeding 100 times the amount of the specified mixture of salts. 7. The composition according to claim 2, characterized in that it additionally contains a filler - sand or talc, or kaolin, or soot, or an organic polymer in an amount not exceeding 100 times the mass of the specified mixture of salts. 8. The composition according to claim 4, characterized in that it further comprises a filler - sand or talc, or kaolin, or soot, or an organic polymer in an amount not exceeding 100 times the amount of the specified mixture of salts. 9. The composition according to claim 5, characterized in that it further comprises a filler - sand or talc, or kaolin, or soot, or an organic polymer in an amount not exceeding 100 times the amount of the specified mixture of salts. 10. The composition according to one of paragraphs.6-8, characterized in that as sand it contains sand from slag or basalt, or apatite. 11. The composition according to one of paragraphs.6-8, characterized in that as an organic polymer it contains waste - crumbs or dust of organic polymeric materials. 12. The composition according to one of claims 1, 2, 6-9, characterized in that it further comprises a dye.