RU2302727C2 - Method for selecting of drought-proof varieties of spring barley - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture.

SUBSTANCE: method involves germinating seeds in saccharose solution and counting germinated seeds on seventh day; before germination process, determining total peroxidase activity in dry seeds; rejecting samples with low values of feature under test.

EFFECT: increased efficiency is selecting prospective varieties of spring barley.

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Description

The invention relates to agriculture, in particular to the field of plant breeding? and can be used to assess the drought tolerance of the studied samples of spring barley, as well as to highlight drought tolerant varieties intended for cultivation in a particular region.

Known methods for selecting drought-tolerant forms according to the characteristics of the root system, for example, by the number of germinal roots and their maximum deepening; soil saturation with roots in a layer of 10-20 cm; the total amount of soil covered by the roots; the ratio of dry mass of roots to that of the aerial parts of plants / 1 / and others. Drought-resistant varieties have more root mass, their length, volume and the indicated ratio.

The disadvantage of these methods is the high complexity, a significant duration of the experiment.

A known method of selection of drought-tolerant forms of seed germination in solutions with high osmotic pressure. Seeds germinate on a solution of sucrose in Petri dishes. The choice of solution concentration depends on the characteristics of seed reproduction. The results are recorded on the seventh day. The number of sprouted seeds is directly dependent on the degree of drought tolerance of the variety / 2 / - prototype.

The method requires a lot of time and labor.

The objective of the invention is the rapid diagnosis and improving the selection of drought-resistant forms of spring barley.

The problem is achieved by the fact that the biochemical characteristic “total peroxidase activity (OAP)” is used. OAP is determined in dry seeds with subsequent ranking of the samples according to the value of OAP, which allows the most stable varieties and lines of spring barley to be identified using traditional methods before testing varieties.

An example of a specific implementation. A 50 g sample is taken from an average grain sample without weedy impurities and ground in a laboratory mill. A weighed portion of the obtained plant material 150-200 mg is ground in a porcelain mortar with a small amount of acetate buffer pH 4.7 and quantitatively transferred to a 50 ml volumetric flask. The contents of the flask were adjusted to the mark with acetate buffer. After 10 min infusion with periodic shaking, as a result of which peroxidase passes into the solution, the extract is centrifuged at 3000 rpm for 10 minutes. The supernatant is carefully poured into a conical flask and used to determine enzyme activity. The determination of OAP is carried out by the colorimetric method (according to Boyarkin), which is based on the determination of the reaction rate of benzidine oxidation by the formation of a blue oxidation product of a certain concentration, pre-set on a photoelectric colorimeter.

Based on the OAP values in dry seeds, the most drought tolerant varietal samples are distinguished, since we have shown that peroxidase activity strongly correlates with seed germination under conditions of insufficient moisture (R = + 0.95).

OAP is determined in the dry seeds of the studied variety samples and the classifier classifier, which is considered drought tolerant by field tests in this region, with subsequent ranking of the samples according to the value of OAP.

Tests of the proposed method for the selection of drought-resistant forms of spring barley were conducted in comparison with other methods. To test the proposed method and obtain a general objective characteristic of the varieties for resistance to spring soil drought, the method of calculating the resistance coefficient (KZU), which is the sum of the values of individual characters, is known in plant physiology. In this case, you can use both absolute indicators (table 1) and relative (table 2). To classify the studied varieties by resistance groups, two varieties of the classifier were selected: Tan 1 - highly drought tolerant and Mamlyuk - unstable to drought. The studied variety samples were divided into four groups: highly resistant (varieties with indicators of OAP are higher than that of a stable classifier classifier); resistant (varieties with indicators of OAP close to the value of OAP in dry seeds of a stable cultivator class); medium tolerant (varieties with OAP indices lower than that of the stable classifier classifier, and higher than that of the classifier classifier unstable to drought); weakly resistant (varieties with OAP indices lower than those of the drought-resistant classifier class). The results of the distribution of varieties by resistance groups based on KZU practically do not differ from the distribution of varieties by resistance groups to drought based on OAP in dry seeds. The results are presented in table 3.

The test results confirm the need and feasibility of applying the proposed method for the selection of drought-resistant forms of spring barley.

Table 1 The influence of varietal properties on drought resistance in spring barley Grade OAP, from. units Energy germ.,% Germination in drought conditions,% The growth rate of seedlings. in conditions of drought, mg Total points Group Firstborn 31.9 72 82 53 238.9 one Prairie 22.3 66 68 46 202.3 7 Zernogradsky 813 24.2 74 78 56 232,2 3 Zernogradsky 770 27.9 72 82 51 232.9 2 Tan 1 26.3 68 72 fifty 216.3 5 Elf 28.9 70 78 48 224.9 four Stalker 19,4 62 64 fifty 195.4 10 Donetsk 9 21.7 68 72 49 210.7 6 Odessa - 100 21.0 64 66 47 198 9 Rubicon 20,4 57 64 43 184.4 eleven Gonar 19,4 62 64 38 183.4 12 Viscount 15.3 fifty 56 36 157.3 fourteen Zernogradsky 584 18.1 52 60 38 168.1 13 Nosovsky 11 23.1 66 68 45 202.1 8 Mameluke 10,4 32 42 32 116.4 fifteen Suzdal 12.0 26 40 29th 107 16 Tan 1 - drought tolerant variety classifier; Mamluk is a drought-sensitive variety classifier.

table 2 Characteristics of spring barley varieties by seed resistance to lack of moisture at the initial stages of development, expressed in points, and drought resistance coefficient (KZU) 2003 Grade OAP Germination energy in srvc. control Germination in srvc. drought The growth rate of seedlings in srvc. drought Resistance to drought. Firstborn one one one one four Prairie 2 one 2 2 7 Zernogradsky 813 2 one one one 5 Zernogradsky 770 one one one one four Tan 1 2 one one one 5 Elf one one one 2 5 Stalker 3 one 2 one 7 Donetsk 9 2 one one 2 6 Odessa 100 3 one 2 2 6 Rubicon 3 2 2 2 9 Gonar 3 one 2 3 9 Viscount four 2 3 four 13 Zernogradsky 584 3 2 3 3 eleven Nosovsky 11 2 one 2 2 7 Mameluke four four four four 16 Suzdal four four four four 16 1 - a high level of the sign value; 2 - medium; 3 - below average; 4 - low level of the considered attribute; Tan 1 - drought tolerant variety classifier; Mamluk is a drought-sensitive variety classifier.

Table 3 Distribution of spring barley varieties by resistance to drought based on the total activity of peroxidase (OAP) in dry seeds and the coefficient of resistance to drought (KZU) Variety distribution by resistance groups Sustainability group OAP According to KZU Firstborn Firstborn 1. Highly resistant varieties Zernogradsky 770 Zernogradsky 770 Elf Elf Zernogradsky 813 Zernogradsky 813 Tan 1 Tan 1 2. Resistant varieties Prairie Prairie Donetsk 9 Donetsk 9 Nosovsky 11 Nosovsky 11 Stalker Odessa 100 Odessa 100 Stalker 3. Medium resistant varieties Rubicon Rubicon Gonar Gonar Zernogradsky 584 Zernogradsky 584 Viscount Viscount 4. Weak-resistant varieties Mameluke Mameluke Suzdal Suzdal

Information sources

1. Methodical instructions. Sampling for drought tolerance and root productivity. / G.S. Balyk. - L., - 1979. - 50 S.

2. Guidelines for determining the drought tolerance of varieties of wheat and barley for seed germination in solutions with high osmotic pressure / in the book. Methodology for the diagnosis of stability. Comp .: G.V. Udovenko, T.V. Oleinikov, N.N. Kozhushko et al. - L., - 1970. - 74 S. - prototype.

Claims (1)

A method for selecting drought-resistant forms of spring barley, including germinating seeds on a sucrose solution and counting germinated seeds on the seventh day, characterized in that before germination in dry seeds, the total peroxidase activity is determined and samples with low values of the tested trait are rejected.