RU2301179C1 - Device for descent from high levels - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: life-saving appliances for evacuation from high levels; life-saving equipment.

SUBSTANCE: according to the first version, proposed device has pack with parachute system, gas source, swivel nozzle, protective suit and breathing mask. According to the second version, proposed device has guide mast, bearing struts, winches, block systems and flexible hose. Mast is collapsible in construction and its upper section is provided with wheels for motion over vertical surface. Rescue hose is made in form of envelope connected with resilient folding framework. Secured inside hose along its length are axial rope and smooth spiral-shaped track for descent of people and items. According to the third version, proposed device includes resilient cloth, mechanical shock absorbers and/or flexible inflatable envelopes, gas sources and semi-automatic supercharging unit.

EFFECT: reduced mass; enhanced reliability and safety.

10 cl, 21 dwg

Description

The invention relates to rescue equipment used in evacuation from a height, as well as equipment for carrying out high-altitude work.

The prior art device, reducing the rate of fall of a person from a height in the mountains (DE 3702459 A1, 08/11/1988). The device includes several large-sized inflatable shells, which are filled with gas from the cylinders through valves that open with a cord at the time of a person’s fall.

The disadvantages of the device include external gas sources, which will not ensure high reliability and speed of filling of flexible shells. In addition, when using a large number of inflatable shells, external sources will significantly increase the weight of the device. The device also does not provide means for protecting the rescue object upon landing and for correcting the direction of flight and the beginning of movement in order to leave the danger zone or to avoid a collision with an obstacle.

A known system for the evacuation of people from high-rise buildings, including a rescue sleeve (US 2005161286 A1, 07.28.2005). The frame of the rescue sleeve is formed by two coil springs. The sleeve is made of sheet material, the springs are interconnected by rigid rings.

The disadvantages of the above system include the significant weight of the latter, and therefore accession to the building requires an additional bulky device. In addition, a sleeve with two coil springs is harder to fold and transport.

A device for the rescue of jumping from burning buildings (SU 373006 A, 05/18/1973) is known. The device is made in the form of a pneumatic chamber with a shock-absorbing membrane equipped with an inflatable balloon of a toroidal shape, while valves are installed in the lower part of the pneumatic chamber.

The control of speed damping when the rescue falls on the shock-absorbing membrane in this device depends on the degree of filling of the body of the inflated balloon with compressed air, which is clearly not enough, since optimal speed damping for rescues of different weights and falling at different speeds cannot be ensured by the degree of filling stationary at the time of the fall body inflatable balloon.

The objective of the invention is to provide means for safe descent from a height of a simplified design, as well as increasing the efficiency of rescue operations.

The technical result of the claimed invention is to reduce the weight of the device for descent from a height in the presence of all the necessary rescue equipment, as well as to increase the reliability of using the latter during rescue operations, taking into account the safety of the rescued.

To solve this problem, a device for descent from a height (according to the first embodiment of the invention), including inflatable flexible shells and a gas source, is additionally equipped with a satchel with a parachute system, protective suit, breathing mask, while the parachute system includes a gliding parachute, which can be made in in the form of a cloth or an inflatable shell, equipped with attached flexible inflatable shells of small volume to ensure quick deployment of the gliding parachute, the source also contains to gas, made in the form of a generator connected to flexible inflatable shells of the device, as well as with a rotary nozzle or nozzles located at the bottom of the satchel for the expiration of a jet stream of gas, the suit consists of inflatable flexible shells of small volume.

Flexible inflatable shell device for descent from a height according to the first embodiment can be additionally equipped with individual gas sources. The gas generator is advisable to perform in the form of a pyrotechnic battery.

It is advisable to fill part of the rescue shells of the suit with a breathing mixture, while such shells should be equipped with a fitting for connecting a breathing mask. It is advisable to bring out controls for the rotary nozzle, gas generator, and blowing shells from the front of the knapsack fastening elements.

In addition, to solve the problem, a device for lowering from a height (according to the second embodiment of the invention), including a guide mast, support legs and a flexible sleeve, further comprises winches and block systems, while the mast is folding, telescoping or articulating, each mast link equipped at the end with a latch that activates after its extension, the upper link of the mast is equipped with wheels to facilitate movement on a vertical surface and means of attachment to a vertical surface, the upper the mast top link is connected to the block systems and winches for lowering the rescue sleeve and / or conveyor, the rescue sleeve is a shell connected to a shock-absorbing, folding frame, an axial cable and a smooth spiral path for launching the rescued objects are fastened to the frame along the length of the sleeve and people.

In the device for descent from a height according to the second embodiment, the sleeve is expedient to be made integral from the sections connected to each other. At the same time, each of the sections should be equipped with openings that provide the ability to use the sleeve simultaneously from various heights, as well as to enable the object to be moved into the conveyor. The openings should be equipped at the edges with means of connection with the conveyor, and the shell of the lower end of each section is made with an inlet to form, if necessary, the bottom of the sleeve.

In addition, to solve the problem, a device for lowering from a height (according to the third embodiment of the invention), comprising a shock-absorbing panel, mechanical shock absorbers and / or flexible inflatable shells, gas sources, further includes a semi-automatic pressurization device, wherein the panel consists of at least one layer of elastic material or network, the layer is reinforced with spring material, handles are stretched along the perimeter with the possibility of stretching the handle panel, inflations are attached to the bottom side of the panel flexible shells, the distance between which should be selected so as to prevent a falling person from hitting hard soil, each of the flexible inflatable shells is equipped with a gas release valve to increase the degree of damping at a given external pressure on the shell, while it is inflated when the pressure inside the shell decreases to the original volume automatically using a gas source located inside the flexible shell or outside it.

The device for lowering from a height according to the third embodiment of the invention includes a semi-automatic device for inflating the shells, each of which has a nipple safety valve - a fitting containing a universal coupling - a fitting for connecting to a gas source under pressure, a flexible connecting hose, a comb with nipple fittings connected to valves - shell fittings that regulate the gas inflow into the shell.

To explain examples of the implementation of the claimed variants of the device for descent from above, the following figures.

Figure 1 - a device for lowering from a height according to the second embodiment - a raised guide mast with supporting racks.

Figure 2, a, b - telescopic extension of the mast links and racks.

Figure 3 - a device for lowering from a height according to the second embodiment - a guide mast with a rescue sleeve and a conveyor.

Figure 4 - upper link guide mast with a rescue sleeve.

Figure 5 - cranked construction of the mast and support strut.

6 is a device for assembling a mast of a cranked structure.

7 is a guide mast with support legs and a latch.

Fig. 8 is a guide mast with a stationary fixed connection with support legs.

Figure 9 - connection of the racks with the catch latch with the mast.

Figure 10 - slots in the guide mast for the engagement of the clamps.

11 - suspension of the descent object to the guide mast.

Fig - a device for lowering from a height in the second embodiment with an axial cable held by annular spring holders.

Fig - a device for descent from a height according to the first embodiment, including a satchel with a parachute system and a protective suit.

Fig. 14 shows a knapsack with controls and a nozzle driven by a gas generator.

Fig. 15, a, b, c - a device for descent from a height according to the third embodiment — a shock-absorbing panel with mechanical shock absorbers and flexible inflatable shells.

Fig - device for lowering from a height according to the third embodiment is a semi-automatic device for inflating flexible shells.

One of the options for the device for descent includes a protective suit 1 and a satchel with a parachute system 2 (Fig.13, 14). The effective operation of this option is provided by a combination of planning and shock-absorbing inflatable shells. For safe descent from high altitudes, as well as in smoke or gas contamination, the suit can be supplemented with a breathing mask. The suit consists of quick-inflated flexible shells of small volume. The speed of bringing the shells of the suit into working position can be ensured with the help of a pyrotechnic battery. In addition, it must be taken into account that, in order to mitigate the impact when the shell is dropped, it is made possible to release gas when the specified load is reached. The suit can be made in the form of a cape of flexible shells with a hole for putting on over the head. The heat-resistant fabric of the costume can be partitioned. Elements of gas formation are enclosed inside the flexible shells of the suit at the time of assembly or acquisition. Part of the life jacket of the suit is inflated with a breathing mixture. These shells are equipped with a fitting for connecting a breathing mask placed in a satchel pocket. The parachute system 2 includes a gliding parachute, which can be made in the form of an inflatable shell in the form of a wing, equipped with additional flexible inflatable shells of a small volume, which will provide quick deployment of the main gliding parachute even at low altitudes. The gliding parachute may take the form of a dome or wing. Each inflatable shell of the parachute system can include its own gas source located inside the shell, in addition, a gas generator can be located in the satchel, which provides quick gas filling of additional inflatable shells of the parachute system.

In the lower part of the knapsack there is a nozzle or nozzles for the outflow of a jet of gas, moreover, the aforementioned gas generator can be used to create such a jet, and controls for the rotary nozzle and gas generator, for example, a pyrotechnic battery, and inflatable flexible shells are displayed on the front mounts which will allow in the fall to control the direction of flight and provide planning not only in air flows, but also forced, depending on the strength and direction of the gas stream.

In the idle position, this embodiment of the descent device is packaged in the form of a folded suit connected to a satchel in the back. The lower part of the suit - capes below the waist - is rolled up and adhered adhesively from the bottom of the satchel. The front (breast) part of the costume - capes, folded in half, adhesive bonded to the back, connected to the satchel.

The satchel is fastened with straps or flexible strong ribbons on the shoulders of the rescued. To actuate the devices, they act on the control panel, mounted on a belt or satchel tape, connected to a gas supply control device giving a remote or wire signal to the gas generator in the satchel and / or individual gas sources inside the shells. The control device supplies the first signal to the gas sources of additional flexible inflatable shells, providing the disclosure of the glider parachute. The signal to the backpack gas generator, which ensures the operation of the rotary nozzle, is given at the beginning of movement if it is necessary to move away from the danger zone, for example, in conditions of avalanche-like flows of water, snow, stones. In addition, the said gas generator and the rotary nozzle can be used if necessary to avoid collisions with obstacles and for braking during landing.

After the parachute-glider is opened or simultaneously with the opening from the control panel, a signal can be given to fill the flexible shells or sections of the suit with gas. In this case, part of the shells or sections of the suit is filled with a breathing mixture and is equipped with a fitting for connection with a breathing mask.

In addition to all of the above, the control panel may include a distress alert to quickly identify the victim after landing.

The second variant of the descent device includes a guide mast 3, which can be used as a rod or cable, support legs 4, winches 5, block systems 6 and flexible sleeve 7 (Figs. 1, 2, a, b-12). At the same time, a sliding mast is installed on the ground or on a mobile carriage, which tilts to the wall of the building or rock. The mast is telescopic or articulated. Each link of the sliding mast is equipped at the end with a latch that is triggered after extension, preventing folding of the mast. The upper link of the mast is provided with at least two wheels to facilitate movement on a vertical surface. Upon reaching the required height, the upper link of the mast is attached to the elements of the vertical surface of the wall or rock with the help of a bifurcating hook, fastening or shooting. The upper end of the upper link of the mast must be connected to the block systems and winches for lowering the rescue sleeve 7 and / or conveyor 8, containing a basket or cell for moving the salvaged object. The links of the mast can be made spring-sliding, this embodiment either eliminates the use of hydraulic mechanisms for lifting the structure, or allows you to perform such mechanisms of minimum size and power.

In the designs of the rescue cell - the conveyor basket - elevator of the inclined launch tow truck (mast and cable), flexible inflatable shells can be used, which can be filled with gas from both an internal and external gas source. Inflatable flexible shells are necessary to perform a protective, shock-absorbing function when the rescuer lands or collides with an obstacle when moving down, for example, with a rescue sleeve or a stand supporting an inclined launch tow truck.

For the descent along the guide of the inclined tow truck using a carabiner, a protective suit with a satchel according to the first embodiment of the invention can be used. The satchel is equipped with a planning system that creates lift, which facilitates the descent and cushioning. In the case of using a satchel with a parachute system, the guiding movement of the descent object should be unsupported or with open supports or holders.

The rescue sleeve 7 is a shell that can be made of mesh, elastic, translucent and fireproof material. The shell is connected to a shock absorbing, folding, for example, accordion, lightweight frame of the rescue sleeve.

Inside the sleeve along its length, an axial cable 9 and a smooth spiral path for lowering salvaged objects and people are fixed to the frame.

In addition, the sleeve can be made integral of sections connected to each other, each of which includes the above elements. In the case of such an implementation, each of the sections should be equipped with openings that provide the ability to use the sleeve simultaneously from different heights, as well as to ensure the possibility of moving the object into the conveyor. The openings should be equipped at the edges with means of connection with the conveyor to ensure accurate and safe movement of the salvaged object. The shell of the lower end of each section is made with an inlet to form, if necessary, the bottom of the sleeve, in case the section is the last.

The mast can additionally be equipped with a transverse rod with a guide trolley for moving along it and fixing its position. The cart can serve to deliver the necessary life-saving appliances and equipment.

When using a mast extending articulated, the links can be folded horizontally or fan-shaped. Such a mast can grow both from above and from below.

Each link of the support racks, telescoping or cranked apart and supporting the mast, is also equipped with a latch. From the bottom, the racks end with support legs having holes for driving the pins into the ground in order to prevent the legs from slipping. The upper link of the uprights ends with a hook-type lock or a mast holder (rod, cable).

To accommodate the proposed emergency rescue devices for launching, both general-purpose fire engines and special fire rescue vehicles can be used, while the set of equipment available in the vehicle can be understaffed with the proposed variants of the invention.

The third embodiment of the descent device is a shock-absorbing panel (Fig. 15, a, b, c, d, e), including mechanical shock absorbers 10 and / or flexible inflatable shells 11, gas sources, a semi-automatic pressurization device (Fig. 16) and a system regulation of the cushioning properties of flexible inflatable shells.

The cloth consists of one, two or more layers of elastic material or net. Each layer is reinforced with spring material, such as rubber, plastic or steel spring tape. Handles are attached to the cloth around the perimeter, which can be at least 8-10 pairs, depending on the size of the cloth. Handles 12 are made with the possibility of stretching the panel by rescuers to ensure that jumping onto the panel. Mechanical shock absorbers and / or inflatable flexible shells are attached to the underside of the panel. The distance between these shock-absorbing elements should be chosen in such a way as to prevent a falling person from hitting hard ground. Shock absorbers as part of a cushioning rescue cloth placed between the layers of the cloth, and additional shock absorbers mounted on the underside of the cushioning cloth, can be mechanical, such as spring, and inflatable.

The mechanical shock absorber 10 may be a spring with an elastic shell stretched over it with holes and / or valves.

The inflatable shock absorber 11 is a flexible shell inflated from an external or internal gas source.

The shell is inflated from an external source of compressed gas by means of a nipple valve - a fitting 13 containing an internal gas source 14, the operation of which is described in application No. 2004132520/11.

At the moment of impact of the falling object on the panel, the inflatable flexible shell, absorbing, releases some of the gas from the shell and becomes incompletely inflated. Due to the decrease in gas pressure in the shell, the internal gas source is automatically switched on, again filling the shell with gas.

Each shell is equipped with a valve - gas outlet fitting - to increase the degree of damping at a given external pressure on the shell. With this release of gas, a minimum force effect on the falling object is ensured. With a decrease in pressure inside the shell, it is inflated to the original volume.

A semi-automatic device for inflating the shells, each of which has a nipple safety valve - fitting 13, contains a universal coupling - a fitting for connecting to a gas source under pressure, a flexible connecting hose, a comb with nipple fittings that are connected to valves - fittings 13 of the shells that regulate gas injection into the shell. Semi-automatic device for inflating the shells can also be made in the form of a special pneumatic robot.

The shock-absorbing properties of flexible inflatable shells are controlled by setting the pressure level for valve actuation - a gas outlet fitting from the shell.

Claims (10)

1. A device for descent from a height, including a satchel with a gas source and inflatable flexible shells connected to a gas source, characterized in that the device further comprises a protective suit and a breathing mask, a parachute system including a gliding parachute is placed inside the satchel, which can be made in the form of a cloth or an inflatable shell, equipped with attached flexible inflatable shells of a small volume to ensure quick deployment of the planning parachute, the gas source is made in the form of a generator gas torus, which is also connected to the lower part located in a knapsack rotary nozzle or nozzles for the flow of reactive gas jet suit consists of inflatable flexible membranes of small volume. 2. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the flexible inflatable shells are additionally equipped with individual gas sources. 3. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the gas generator is made in the form of a pyrotechnic battery. 4. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that part of the rescue shells of the suit are inflated with a breathing mixture, while such shells are equipped with a fitting for connecting a breathing mask. 5. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that on the fastening elements of the knapsack, the controls for the rotary nozzle, the gas generator and the inflation of the shells are brought out in front. 6. A device for lowering from a height, including a guide mast, support legs, winches, block systems and a flexible sleeve, characterized in that the mast is foldable, telescoping or telescoping, each mast link is equipped at the end with a latch that activates after it is extended, the upper the mast link is equipped with wheels to facilitate movement on a vertical surface and means of attachment to a vertical surface, the upper end of the upper mast link is connected to block systems and winches for lowering nogo sleeve and / or conveyor, life sleeve shell is connected with a cushioning, folding frame, inside the sleeve along its length are fixed to the frame axial cable and smooth spiral path for descent saved objects and people. 7. The device according to claim 6, characterized in that the sleeve can be made integral of sections connected to each other. 8. The device according to claim 7, characterized in that each of the sections must be equipped with openings that enable the sleeve to be used simultaneously from different heights, as well as to enable the object to move into the conveyor, while the openings must be equipped at the edges with means of connecting with conveyor, and the shell of the lower end of each section is made with an inlet to form, if necessary, the bottom of the sleeve. 9. A device for lowering from a height, comprising a shock-absorbing panel, mechanical shock absorbers and / or flexible inflatable shells, gas sources, characterized in that it further includes a semi-automatic pressurization device, wherein the panel consists of at least one layer of elastic material or network, a layer reinforced with spring material, handles are attached to the panel around the perimeter with the possibility of stretching the handle, inflatable flexible shells are attached to the bottom side of the panel, the distance between which should be To be selected in such a way as to prevent a falling person from hitting hard soil, each of the flexible inflatable shells is equipped with a gas release valve to increase the degree of damping at a given external pressure on the shell, while reducing the pressure inside the shell, it is inflated to the initial volume automatically using a gas source located inside or outside the flexible shell. 10. The device according to claim 9, characterized in that the semi-automatic device for inflating the shells, each of which has a nipple safety valve - fitting, contains a universal coupling - a fitting for connecting to a gas source under pressure, a flexible connecting hose, a comb with nipple fittings, attached to the valves - the fittings of the shells, regulating the inflation of gas into the shell.

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