RU2300168C2 - Parametric capacitive electrical energy generator - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: electrical energy generation.

SUBSTANCE: proposed generator has capacitor with plates made of current conducting materials distinguished by different electronic work function; this capacitor is connected to capacitor of active load or that incorporating active component. Capacitor charge caused by contact potential difference between its plates performs useful work by means of capacitance cyclic variation device (mechanical one that functions to vary plate-to-plate distance or plate surface area, insulator displacement, or otherwise changing its properties). Generator depends for its operation on reducing energy of capacitor charged by contact potential difference of its plates by external action and for yielding electrical energy only at output.

EFFECT: facilitated electrical energy generation.

1 cl

Description

The invention (hereinafter referred to as the generator) relates to electric energy generators.

The closest prototype of the generator is the Kelvin sensor, well known from the measurement technique, designed to determine the work function of electrons (RWE) of conductive materials (TPM) and microscopic examination of the surface of a TPM sample. It consists of a sample of the studied TPM, a probe made of TPM with a known RWE, and a device that performs mechanical (vibrating) vibrations of the probe perpendicular to the plane of the sample. When the electric capacitance changes, a variable electromotive force arises between the probe and the sample, the amplitude of which and the known REM of the probe determines the REM or determines the relief of the sample [1].

Another prototype can be called a well-known parametric generator, consisting of an electric oscillatory circuit, which includes a capacitor and an inductor. With a cyclic change in the capacitance of a capacitor with a certain frequency and phase, associated with the resonant characteristics of the circuit, when the charge arrives at the capacitor from the outside, the oscillation amplitude is maintained and increased due to external work [2].

The technical problem solved by this generator is the implementation of the possibility of using the physical effect of the contact potential difference (CLC) in the electric power generator.

The technical result is the generation of electricity with the use of the KRP effect that occurs when the SST comes into contact with various electronic components.

The essence of the technical solution lies in the discharge of the capacitor charged by the CRP of its own plates to the load by reducing its electric capacitance.

The generator contains an electric capacitor with a dielectric, a load and a capacitance changing device (UIE). Capacitor plates are made of TPM. It can be metals, semiconductors or conductive composites of various origins. A pair of TPMs is selected based on the calculation of the maximum KRP between them. The choice of dielectric material is dictated by obtaining the largest capacitance of the capacitor with this design. Capacitor plates are electrically connected to the load. The capacitance of the capacitor cyclically changes UIE - this is its main function. UIE, as well as a method of changing the capacity, can be any, taking into account the preservation by it (UIE) of the main function. For example, it is possible to mechanically change the distance between the plates (changing the distance between them), the area of the plates (folding or compressing), the mutual area (shifting the plates with or without changing the distance between them), moving the dielectric (for example, pushing it in and out in the gap between plates), a change in the dielectric constant of a dielectric by means of physical action on a dielectric material (by various fields, mechanical action), and so on. The main functions of the load are discharging the capacitor while decreasing its capacity and allowing the capacitor to charge the CRC of its own plates with increasing capacity. In this regard, the load must be active or have an active component. The specific performance of the load can be the most diverse, taking into account the preservation of its basic functions. The easiest way to implement the load is in the form of ohmic resistance (resistor). A load variant with mechanical, electronic and other keys is possible, as well as a transformer, when the capacitor is loaded on its primary winding. In the transformer version, especially unloaded, the following can occur: reactive and resonant phenomena, giving the generator the distinguishing features of a conventional resonant parametric generator; bias currents due to the asymmetry of the voltage amplitude across the capacitor, the greater the greater the load resistance.

Drawings and schemes are not given due to the simplicity of the design of the generator.

We will consider the operation of the generator as an example with a load in the form of a resistor. In the initial period of time, the capacitance of the capacitor is maximum, and its plates are closed through a resistor. UIE begins to reduce the capacitance of the capacitor. Rising voltage across the capacitor causes a current in the resistor. At the time of the minimum capacitance of the capacitor and its complete discharge, the voltage on its plates is equal to the RPC. Further, UIE begins to increase the capacitance of the capacitor. There is a decrease in the voltage on the capacitor below the RPC and charging it to the RPC through a resistor. UIE during a full cycle performs a total positive work, which is converted into electric current and also stands out on the load. Next, the cycle repeats.

Proof of the feasibility of the generator. Consider a capacitor with plates made of materials with different REE. The capacitor has the ability to change its capacity. We translate the capacitor to the maximum capacity position and close its plates through the resistor. In this case, the capacitor will be charged to a voltage equal to the CRP, and the energy of its charge will be

where E ₁ is the charge energy of the capacitor in the position of maximum capacity with closed plates;

C ₁ is the capacitance of the capacitor in the position of maximum capacity;

U is the contact potential difference [3].

This charge cannot be directly removed from the capacitor, since the total KRP in a closed circuit is zero. Now reduce the capacitance of the capacitor. Obviously, a decrease in the capacitance of a charged capacitor will cause an increase in voltage on its plates above the KRP and a current in the resistor. In addition, positive external work will be spent on reducing the capacitance, the magnitude of which will depend on the relationship of two parameters: the rate of change of the capacitance of the capacitor and the resistance value of the resistor. This work, whatever its nature, will also be released as heat on the resistor. However, the capacitor is not completely discharged - it will remain on the control panel. Next, by disconnecting the resistor, we return the capacitance of the capacitor to its original value. At the same time, since the charge on the capacitor remains, positive external work associated with a decrease in the charge energy will be released, and the voltage on the plates will become less than the CIR of the capacitor plates. And now, with the initial maximum capacitance of the capacitor, we have energy

where E ₂ is the energy of an isolated capacitor after increasing its capacity;

C ₂ is the capacitance of the capacitor in the minimum capacity position,

taking into account the fact that the voltage on the plates will become less than the KRP to the extent that C _{1 is} greater than C ₂ . Obviously, E _{2 is} less than E ₁ , whence the conclusion follows: there is the possibility of external influence to reduce the energy of an electric capacitor charged by the contact potential difference of its own plates, having received only electric energy at the output, the work of which includes the work of external influence. Thus, the charge of such a capacitor can do useful work.

The efficiency of the generator (the ratio of the difference E ₁ and E ₂ allocated to the load to the external work on changing the capacitance of the capacitor) is inversely proportional to the load resistance.

Total. The possibility of removing the charge from the capacitor charged by the CRC of its own plates by reducing its capacity is undeniable, based on the school course of electrostatics (experience with plates and an electroscope, ([4], p. 105) and the operability of the prototype — the Kelvin sensor, which has only EMF output and not a resonant parametric generator, where electrical oscillations are supported exclusively by external work.

Information sources:

1. Woodruff D., Delchar T. Modern methods of surface research. M .: Mir, 1989.

2. Bukharaev A.A., Ovchinnikov D.V., Bukharaeva A.A. Surface diagnostics using scanning force microscopy (review). Plant. Lab., 1997, N5.

3. Kapranov M.V., Kuleshov V.N., Utkin G.M. The theory of oscillations in radio engineering. Textbook for universities. M .: Science. The main edition of the physical and mathematical literature, 1984.

4. Butikov E.I., Kondratiev A.S. Physics. Textbook allowance, book 2. Electrodynamics. Optics. - M .: Fizmatlit, 2000.

Claims (4)

1. A parametric capacitive generator of electrical energy containing an electric capacitance made with the possibility of its cyclical change and made of conductive materials, and a device for cyclic change of capacitance, characterized in that it is provided with a load, the capacitance is made in the form of a capacitor, the lining of which is made of conductive materials with different work function of the electron output and are electrically connected to the load, and the load is configured to discharge the capacitor with decreasing its capacity and with the possibility of the capacitor being charged with increasing capacity. 2. The generator according to claim 1, characterized in that the device for cyclically changing the capacitance of the capacitor is configured to change the capacitance by changing the distance between the capacitor plates, or changing the area of the plates, or changing the mutual area of the plates, or moving the dielectric, or changing the dielectric constant of the dielectric through physical action on its material. 3. The generator according to claim 1, characterized in that the load is made active or has an active component. 4. The generator according to claim 1, characterized in that the conductive materials are made of a combination of two or more metals, semiconductors or conductive electric current of artificial or natural materials having different electron work functions.