RU2300011C1 - Rotary blade engine for convection air and liquid flows - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: power engineering.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to devices using kinetic energy of translational motion of convection air and liquid flows at generation of electric energy or execution of mechanical work. Invention can be used in wind and hydraulic power generation, for instance, in wind and hydraulic power stations. Proposed rotary blade engine for convection air and liquid flows has wings made of shaped blades connected through end piece with, hub, and rotating shaft on which hub is secured. Wings are arranged parallel to each other relative to axis of vertical rotation shaft, being displaced relative to each other along wing span so that tip of wing is arranged at a distance from axis of vertical rotating shaft not greater than distance from wing tip to maximum horizontal cross section of aerodynamic profile of blade. Blades having concave-convex aerodynamic profiles with variable angles of tilting to plane of rotation square to axis of vertical rotating shaft are bent along and across wing span along exponential curve and are directed by ends bent along wing span in opposite sides relative to axis of vertical rotating shaft. The larger is the distance of aerodynamic profile along wing span from axis of vertical rotating shaft, the larger the angle of tilting of aerodynamic profile to plane of rotation.

EFFECT: enlarged operating capabilities.

Description

The invention relates to devices for using the kinetic energy of the translational movement of convective air and liquid flows in generating electricity or performing mechanical work and may find application in wind and hydropower, for example, in wind energy or hydropower stations.

A rotary wind turbine is known, containing two semi-cylindrical blades mounted on a vertical rotating shaft, and using the kinetic energy of the translational motion of such convection flows as horizontal air, whose directions are perpendicular to the axis of the vertical rotating shaft (Great Soviet Encyclopedia / Ch. Ed. A.M. Prokhorov . - M .: Soviet Encyclopedia, 1971. - V. 4. - P.589, Fig. 16).

The main disadvantage of a rotary wind turbine is its low efficiency, since the coefficient of use of wind energy does not exceed 0.15, which is due to the lack of the possibility of using the kinetic energy of the translational motion of convection flows such as vertical ascending and descending air flows. In addition, a rotary wind turbine cannot be used with convection fluid flows.

Closest to the proposed invention in technical essence and the achieved result (prototype) is a winged wind turbine containing wings made of profiled blades connected through a tip to the hub, a horizontal rotating shaft on which the hub is mounted, and using the kinetic energy of the translational motion of such convection flows as horizontal air, the directions of which are parallel to the axis of the horizontal rotating shaft. The blades have plane-convex aerodynamic profiles and are rigidly connected to the hub at a certain installation angle φ to the plane of rotation perpendicular to the axis of the horizontal rotating shaft, or using bearing assemblies in which the blades can rotate to change the installation angle φ. The wings are offset relative to each other by 120 °. Airflow rushes onto the blade at a relative speed at a certain angle of attack. The aerodynamic force arising in each blade is the result of the addition of two forces: the lifting force that creates the torque, and the frontal pressure force acting on the axis of the horizontal rotating shaft (Big Soviet Encyclopedia, 1971. - T.4. - P.589, Fig. 2 , 3).

The main disadvantage of a winged wind turbine is its reduced efficiency, due to the inability to use the kinetic energy of the translational motion of convection flows such as vertical ascending or descending air currents perpendicular to the axis of the horizontal rotating shaft, in the absence of a horizontal air flow - wind, and also the lack of opportunity use of kinetic energy of translational motion of such convection flows as dkostnye. Another disadvantage of the winged wind turbine is the need for the orientation of the profiled blades in the direction of the wind, that is, relative to the incoming horizontal air flow, through additional tail unit or rotary windmills.

The present invention solves the problem of increasing the efficiency of the device by converting the kinetic energy of the translational movements of convection air and liquid flows, such as vertical ascending or descending air, liquid flows in the absence of horizontal flows, horizontal air, liquid flows in the absence of vertical flows, simultaneously existing horizontal and vertical flows , air or liquid, into kinetic energy of rotational motion of a shaft pr not-required orientation relative to the incident profiled blades convection flow.

To achieve the named technical result in a rotary vane engine for convection air and liquid flows, comprising wings made of profiled blades connected through a tip to the hub, a rotating shaft on which the hub is mounted, and the wings are offset relative to each other, according to the invention, the wings are located parallel to each other relative to the axis of the vertical rotating shaft and offset relative to each other along the wingspan so that the wing tip is located on p the distance from the axis of the vertical rotating shaft is not greater than the distance from the wing tip to the maximum horizontal cross section of the aerodynamic profile of the blade, and the blades having along and across concave-convex aerodynamic profiles with variable angles to the plane of rotation perpendicular to the axis of the vertical rotating shaft are bent along and across the wingspan along an exponential curve and are directed by ends bent along the wingspan in opposite directions relative to the axis tikalnogo rotating shaft. Moreover, the more remote the aerodynamic profile along the wing span from the axis of the vertical rotating shaft, the greater the angle of inclination of the aerodynamic profile to the plane of rotation.

The increase in the efficiency of the rotor-wing engine for convection air and liquid flows is due to the implementation of blades having along and across concave-convex aerodynamic profiles with variable angles of inclination to the plane of rotation perpendicular to the axis of the vertical rotating shaft, curved along and across the wingspan in an exponential curve, which allows you to implement the inventive device as a rotary engine for horizontal air and liquid flows using surfaces l parts that are curved along the wingspan in an exponential curve, and as a wing engine for vertical ascending and descending air and liquid flows when using the surfaces of the blades curved across the wingspan in an exponential curve.

Simultaneous convection vertical flow around the blades and a perpendicular fall on the blade of horizontal air or liquid flow allows you to implement the inventive device as a rotary vane engine. If a horizontal air or liquid flow falls on the blade at an angle of attack, then the device is implemented as a wing-wing engine.

The placement of the wing tip at a distance from the axis of the vertical rotating shaft not greater than the distance from the wing tip to the maximum horizontal cross section of the aerodynamic profile of the blade is optimal due to the fact that the power developed on the shaft of the rotor-wing engine is proportional to its diameter, depends on shape and profile of the blades, and increasing the distance reduces the diameter of the engine and its power. The relative torque depends on the speed of the engine, which is proportional to the radius of the engine. An increase in the distance from the wing tip to a greater than the maximum horizontal cross section of the profiled blade will lead to a decrease in the radius of the engine and, accordingly, its speed.

The invention is illustrated in the drawing, where Fig.1 shows a top view of a rotary vane engine for convection air and liquid flows; figure 2 is a side view of a rotary vane engine for convection air and liquid flows with a cross section of profiled blades; figure 3 is a side view of a rotary vane engine element for convection air and liquid flows with a cross section along and across a profiled blade and a diagram of the interaction of a profiled blade with an incident vertical or horizontal air or liquid flow falling on the profiled blade at a certain angle of attack, as well as with a horizontal air or liquid flow falling perpendicular to the blade; figure 4 is a side view of a rotary vane engine element for convection air and liquid flows with a cross section along and across a profiled blade and a diagram, while flowing around a profiled blade, the interaction of the profiled blade with convection and vertical, and horizontal air or liquid flows. In addition, the drawing shows the following:

- V in _α - the relative velocity of the vertical ascending air or liquid flow;

- V _gγ is the relative velocity of the horizontal air or liquid flow;

- V _g - the relative speed of the horizontal air or liquid flow falling perpendicular to the profiled blade;

- φ is the installation angle of the profiled blades on the hub to the axis of rotation of the vertical shaft;

- α is the angle of attack between the incident vertical air or liquid flow and the vertically profiled surface of the blade;

- γ is the angle of attack between the incident horizontal air or liquid flow and the horizontally profiled surface of the blade;

- β is the angle of inclination of the vertical section of the blade profile to the plane of rotation perpendicular to the axis of the vertical rotating shaft;

- P _zв - frontal pressure force created by a vertical air or liquid flow incident at an angle of attack α;

- R _SW - the lifting force of the pressure created by the incident at an angle of attack α vertical air or liquid flow;

- R _Σв - total aerodynamic force created by P _zв and Р _UV ;

- P _xg is the force of the frontal pressure created by the horizontal air or liquid flow incident at an angle of attack γ;

- P _yr - the lifting force of the pressure created by the incident at the angle of attack γ horizontal air or liquid flow;

- R _Σg is the total aerodynamic force created by R _xg and R _y ;

- R _Σ is the total aerodynamic force created by R _Σв and R _Σг ;

- R _Σy - the resulting total lifting _rotational pressure force created by R _SW and R _ang ;

- M - torque.

The rotary vane engine for convection air and liquid flows contains wings 1 made of profiled blades 2 connected through a tip 3 to a hub 4. The hub 4 is mounted on a vertical rotating shaft 5 and connected through a tip 3 to the blade 2 by means of bearing assemblies 6 with the possibility of rotation in the latter to change the installation angle φ. The wings 1 are located parallel to each other relative to the axis of the vertical rotating shaft 5 and are offset relative to each other along the wingspan so that the tip 3 is located at a distance from the axis of the vertical rotating shaft 5 not greater than the distance from the tip 3 to the maximum horizontal cross-section 7 of the aerodynamic profile blades 2. Blades 2 along and across have concave-convex aerodynamic profiles with variable angles of inclination β to the plane of rotation perpendicular to the axis of vertical rotation shaft 5, are bent along and across the wingspan 1 along an exponential curve and directed by the ends bent along the wingspan 1 in opposite directions relative to the axis of the vertical rotating shaft 5. Moreover, the more removed is the aerodynamic profile of the blade 2 along the wingspan 1 from the axis of the vertical rotating shaft 5, the greater the angle of inclination β of the aerodynamic profile to the plane of rotation.

Each shaped blade 2 along and across is made with a variable thickness in height from maximum to minimum and with a cross section of the blade 2 a horizontal aerodynamic profile 7 and a vertical aerodynamic profile 8 relative to the vertical rotating shaft 5 are formed.

A rotary vane engine for convection air and liquid flows is as follows.

A vertical ascending air or liquid flow runs onto the blade 2 with a relative speed V _v at an angle of attack α, flows along the vertically profiled surface of the blade 2. The total aerodynamic force R _Σv arising on each blade 2 is decomposed into the lifting pressure force P _uv , which creates a torque M directed along the axis of the vertical rotating shaft 5, and the force P _{zv of} frontal pressure, acting parallel to the axis of the vertical rotating shaft 5 (figure 3).

A horizontal air or liquid flow runs onto the blade 2 with a speed of V _gγ at an angle of attack γ, flows along the horizontally profiled surface of the blade 2. The total dynamic force R _{Σg that} arises on each blade 2 is decomposed into the lifting pressure force P _yg , which creates a torque M directed along the axis of the vertical rotating shaft 5, and on the force P _{xg of the} frontal pressure acting perpendicular to the axis of the vertical rotating shaft 5 (Fig. 3).

A horizontal air or liquid flow runs at a speed of V _g perpendicular to the blade 2, flows along the horizontally and vertically profiled surfaces of the blade 2, and the flow deviates from its original direction, as a result, the flow changes its momentum, and from the current flow to the blade 2 the reaction force P _g acts, the moment of which causes a torque M directed along the axis of the shaft 5 (Fig. 3).

The simultaneous flow of blades 2 (Fig. 4) with convection and vertical and horizontal air or liquid flows with a relative velocity V _vα and V _gγ at an angle of attack α and γ, respectively, provides the occurrence of pressure lifting forces P _uv and P _ang , which determine the effect of the resulting lifting force pressure P _Σy , causing a torque M directed along the axis of the shaft 5, which is greater than the torque created either by the action of a vertical or by the action of a horizontal air or liquid flow.

The overall efficiency of the rotary vane engine is equal to the efficiency of the rotary engine times the efficiency of the vane engine. Therefore, even relatively small changes in the wind regime will not lead to significant fluctuations in the power developed by the rotary vane engine.

Thus, the present invention provides the conversion of the kinetic energy of the translational movements of convection air or liquid flows - vertical ascending or vertical descending, horizontal, simultaneously vertical and horizontal, into the kinetic energy of the rotational movement of the shaft.

Claims (1)

A rotary vane engine for convection air and liquid flows, comprising wings made of profiled blades connected through a tip to the hub, a rotating shaft on which the hub is mounted, the wings being offset relative to each other, characterized in that the wings are parallel to each other the axis of the vertical rotating shaft and are offset relative to each other along the wingspan so that the wing tip is located at a distance from the axis of the vertical rotating shaft greater than the distance from the wing tip to the maximum horizontal cross section of the aerodynamic profile of the blade, and the blades having along and across concave-convex aerodynamic profiles with variable angles of inclination to the plane of rotation perpendicular to the axis of the vertical rotating shaft are curved along and across the wingspan exponentially curves and are directed by ends bent along the wingspan in opposite directions relative to the axis of the vertical rotating shaft, while the more ene airfoil spanwise from the rotary axis of the vertical shaft, the greater the angle of inclination of the airfoil to the plane of rotation.

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