RU2298765C1 - Method and device for ground crushing for outburst - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: blasting operations, in particular, methods and devices for ground crushing for outburst for extraction of objects.

SUBSTANCE: a charge chamber is installed in the ground above the object to be extracted so that the end of the elongated shaped charge located in the charge chamber composes an angle of 3 to 15 deg with the ground surface, the charge hollow is directed towards the ground surface. The elongated shaped charge in the form of an opened tore with a mean diameter of 1 m is placed in the charge chamber. Initiation is accomplished from the elongated shaped charge side opposite the charge hollow with the aid of an initiation unit that consists of a low-voltage electric detonator and an intensifying charge made of a plastic explosive compound. On the side of the charge hollow the charge chamber wall is installed with a clearance with respect to the end face of the shaped charge, and the wall thickness on this side is minimum. Clearance δ is selected from the following relation 1.5 d≥δ≥0.9 d, where d - the diameter of the shaped charge.

EFFECT: enhanced efficiency of crushing, simplified extraction of the object by producing the directivity of the ground outburst at simultaneous reduction of the negative affect of the explosion products of the object being extracted, reduced cost of the equipment at a safe handling.

4 cl, 3 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of blasting, in particular to methods and devices for crushing soil for ejection to extract objects.

A known method and device for the destruction (crushing) of soil (US patent No. 3104186, published September 17, 63). The method consists in the fact that on the soil surface with a certain focal length that determines the depth of destruction, establish an elongated cumulative charge facing the cumulative recess to the line of destruction of the soil, and initiate it. The destruction device is an elongated longitudinal cumulative charge placed in a rigid case with a cumulative recess lined with metal, and a high-voltage electric detonator installed on the opposite cumulative recess of the side is used as a means of initiating a charge.

The disadvantages of the data of the method and device are the limited use associated with the ability to use, mainly, only for the destruction of the soil and the inability to use to extract objects without damaging them, since placing the device on the surface of the soil with the direction of the cumulative stream and the products of the explosion towards the soil and of the recoverable object will inevitably lead to the destruction of the recoverable object.

Also known is a method and device for crushing soil for emission (Russian patent No. 2168149, published May 27, 2001), selected as a prototype of the claimed ones, because are the closest analogues for the problem being solved and the number of similar features.

This method of crushing soil for ejection consists in placing an elongated detonating charge in a charging chamber made in the form of a ring, which is placed in the soil above the extracted object, while the detonating charge is placed parallel to the earth's surface at a certain distance from the extracted object. The location of the charging chamber above the recoverable object is selected depending on the dimensions of the recoverable object, the depth of its placement, the diameter of the elongated detonating charge and the strength coefficient of the soil. The detonating charge is activated by a high voltage electric detonator. The soil crushing device includes an elongated detonating charge placed in a shell made in the form of an open torus, enclosed in a sealed charging chamber with air gaps along the perimeter and height, made in the form of an iron-based alloy ring, and an elongated detonating charge initiation unit, consisting of high-voltage electric detonator installed in relation to an elongated detonating charge with a gap.

The disadvantages of the prototype are the omnidirectional throwing of soil over a recoverable object, which leads to the return of part of the soil back, low crushing efficiency due to the use of a conventional detonating charge, the heavy weight of the structure, which leads to inconvenience of operation, the use of high-voltage equipment to activate the detonator.

The challenge in this technical field is the development of methods and devices for crushing soil for ejection in order to extract objects from the soil in a limited period of time and with minimal damage to the recoverable objects.

The technical result of the proposed method and device for crushing soil for ejection is to increase the efficiency of crushing and simplifying the extraction of an object by forming a directed explosion and throwing most of the soil away from the object being recovered. An additional technical result, which can be obtained by using the claimed invention, is to increase the ease of use by reducing the weight characteristics, the refusal to use high-voltage equipment.

The claimed technical result is achieved due to the fact that in the method of crushing soil for ejection, including installation in soil, above an object to be extracted, a charging chamber with an elongated detonating charge and its initiation, a cumulative charge is used as an elongated detonating charge, which is directed by a cumulative recess to the side of the earth’s surface, the charging chamber is placed in such a way that the end face of the cumulative charge with the earth’s surface is an angle of 3 ... 15 °.

In the device for crushing soil to discharge, including an elongated detonating charge placed in a shell made in the form of an open torus, placed in the charging chamber and its initiation unit, the shell is made with a longitudinal shaped recess, and the initiation unit is equipped with a reinforcing charge made of plastic explosive covering the surface of the shell to the recess, while the wall of the charging chamber on the side of the recess is made thinner with respect to the wall thickness on the other sides and installed t base of the recess with a gap δ, which is selected from the following relationship: 1,5 d≥δ≥0,9 d, where d - diameter of the shaped charge.

The initiation unit is a low-voltage electric detonator that does not contain initiating explosives.

The charging chamber may be made of an alloy based on aluminum.

The gap between the side walls of the charging chamber and the shell is filled with sealant.

The use of an elongated detonating charge with a longitudinal recess directed toward the earth's surface makes it possible to increase the efficiency of the explosion due to the formation of a cumulative jet and its direction toward the ejected soil.

Installation in the soil of the charging chamber in such a way that the end face of the cumulative charge with the earth's surface is an angle of 3 ... 15 ° allows you to take the soil away from the extracted object, clearing the area to extract the object. The angle 3 ... 15 ° is established experimentally.

To improve the conditions for the transfer of a detonation pulse from an initiation unit to a detonating charge, an amplifying charge was used.

An air gap selected experimentally from a ratio of 1.5d≥δ≥0.9d allows the formation of an optimal cumulative stream, which increases the efficiency of crushing the soil. The execution of the wall of the charging chamber from the side of the cumulative recess with a smaller thickness allows, while ensuring the tightness of the chamber, to reduce the energy consumption of the cumulative jet for punching the wall in the specified place, while increasing the efficiency of crushing the soil and reduces the load on the extracted object.

The implementation of the charging chamber of an alloy based on aluminum allows significantly, compared with the prototype, to reduce the weight characteristics of the device, which increases the ease of use.

Filling the gaps with sealant ensures the tightness of the structure.

The use of a low-voltage electric detonator that does not contain initiating explosives allows to reduce the activation energy while simplifying the equipment used and reducing its cost, while maintaining safe handling.

Figure 1 shows the placement in the ground of a recoverable object and a charging chamber with an elongated cumulative charge;

Figure 2 shows a General view of the device of crushing soil to discharge, explaining the essence of the proposed solution;

Figure 3 shows a section where

1 - recoverable object;

2 - charging chamber;

3 - UKZ (elongated cumulative charge);

4 - amplifying charge;

5 - NED (low voltage electric detonator);

6 - case;

7 - a cover;

8 - protective sleeve;

9 - screw.

An example of a specific embodiment of the claimed device can be a soil crushing device for ejection, the basis of which is an elongated cumulative charge (UKZ) 3 with a diameter of 13 mm, made of blasting explosive, placed in a shell made in the form of an open torus, with an average diameter of 1 m, which The queue is located in the charging chamber. The shell of the UKZ is a copper tube. The tube has a profiled longitudinal cumulative recess necessary for the formation of a cumulative jet when the UKZ is triggered. Initiation is carried out from the opposite cumulative recess of the side using the initiation unit, which consists of an amplifying charge 4 made of plastic explosive composition, and a low-voltage electric detonator (NED) 5, which is installed in relation to the UKZ at a distance corresponding to the height of the amplifying charge.

The charging chamber consists of a housing 6, a cover 7 and a protective sleeve 8, located on the bottom of the housing. The body 6 of the soil crushing device is an aluminum alloy ring. A groove is made in the housing in which the UKZ 3 is placed. To fix the UKZ in the housing, the groove with the UKZ is filled with epoxy glue. A hole is provided in the housing for accommodating the amplifying charge 4. The housing with UKZ is closed by a lid 7, which is similar in dimensions to the housing and also made of aluminum alloy. A cavity is made in the lid, providing a gap of 14 mm from the end of the cumulative charge to the wall of the lid, in which a cumulative stream is formed with the optimal focal length between the UKZ and the soil layer. The housing and the cover are fastened together by screws 9. The gap between the housing 6 and the cover 7 is filled with sealant to ensure the tightness of the structure.

NED 5 is placed in the protective sleeve 8, which serves to protect the NED from mechanical damage.

The device described above operates as follows.

A subsequently extracted object 1 is installed in the ground, above it, at a depth of 0.2 m from the earth's surface, a charging chamber 2 is installed, so that the end face of the cumulative charge with the earth's surface is an angle of 10 °. If it is necessary to remove the object from the frozen soil, a current impulse of at least 2 A is supplied to the terminals of the NED 5. At the same time, the NED is protected from the soil and water by the sleeve 8.

When a current pulse is applied to NED 5, the latter is activated and initiates UKZ 3 through a charge amplifying 4, which increases the reliability of engaging UKZ. When UKZ detonates as a result of explosive transformation on the profiled surface of a copper tube, a cumulative jet is formed in the cavity of the lid 7. In this case, the body 6, which is the locking element of the structure, reduces the effect of the explosion products on the extracted object 1. The formed cumulative jet and the explosion products crush the soil, located above the charging chamber 2, and throw out most of the soil away from the extracted object at least 2 m, without damaging the extracted object 1.

Claims (4)

1. A method of crushing soil for ejection, including installing a charging chamber with an elongated detonating charge in the soil above the object to be extracted and initiating it, characterized in that a cumulative charge is used as an elongated detonating charge, which is directed by a cumulative recess towards the earth's surface, and the charging chamber placed in such a way that the end face of the cumulative charge with the earth's surface make an angle of 3-15 °. 2. A device for crushing soil to discharge, including an elongated detonating charge placed in a shell made in the form of an open torus installed in an airtight charging chamber, and its initiation unit, characterized in that the shell is made with a longitudinal shaped recess, and the initiation unit is equipped with a reinforcing a charge made of plastic explosive material covering the surface of the shell to the recess, while the wall of the charging chamber on the side of the recess is made thinner than on the other sides, and installed from the bottom of the recess with a gap δ, which is selected from the following ratio: 1.5d≥δ≥0.9d, where d is the diameter of the cumulative charge. 3. The device according to claim 2, characterized in that the charging chamber is made of an alloy based on aluminum. 4. The device according to claim 2, characterized in that the gap between the side walls of the charging chamber and the shell is filled with sealant.

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