RU2296606C1 - Distiller - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: producing distilled water.

SUBSTANCE: distiller comprises housing with hollow walls, evaporation chamber that receives separation shields and electric heaters, condensation chamber that is in communication with the evaporation chamber, leveling unit with level pickup, and supplying pipe. The distiller has filter mounted from outside of the housing on the supplying pipe under the leveling unit. The leveling unit and filter are interconnected through a branch pipe having by-pass valve. The filter is made of a casing that receives cartridge with a filler that absorbs ammonia. The inlet branch pipe is coaxially mounted inside the filter cartridge. The sides of the bottom section of the inlet branch pipe and top section of the cartridge are provided with openings arranged over periphery. The filler is made of a mineral having selective sorption of ammonia, e.g.. zeolite.

EFFECT: enhanced quality of distilled water.

3 cl, 2 dwg, 1 ex

Description

The invention relates to apparatus for producing distilled water and can be used in healthcare and other sectors of the economy where distillate with a high degree of purification from volatile substances, in particular ammonia, is required.

For the production of distilled water in pharmacies, laboratories and other medical institutions, as a rule, DE type distillers of various modifications are used.

The use of distilled water obtained in such installations for the preparation of injection solutions, potions and other medicines is very problematic due to the high content of ammonia in it, which cannot be removed by known distillers. Hygienic standards (SanPiN 2.1.4.1074-01) of the content of harmful substances in drinking water, which include ammonia (hazard class 3), regulate its content to 2.0 mg / l.

However, the pharmacopeia article on purified water FS 42-2619-97 and FS 42-2620-97 regulates the ammonia content in the water is not more than 0.00002%.

In the conditions of pharmaceutical production, this requirement is met as a result of preliminary preparation of the source water for ammonia removal: filtration, ion exchange, reverse osmosis, and other methods, and distillation is carried out already at the final stage of obtaining water of the required quality. In the conditions of pharmacies and laboratories for the removal of ammonia, already purified water is boiled in an open container, which does not exclude its pollution.

The presence of ammonia in purified water can affect the quality of drugs in their manufacture on this water. This applies especially to preparations for parenteral administration, eye drops and medicinal solutions with acidic properties or stabilized by acids, as well as in the manufacture of reagents using purified water and chemical analyzes.

The closest analogue is the DE-25 distiller, which contains a body with hollow walls, an evaporation chamber with separation screens and electric heaters and a condensation chamber, an equalizer with a level sensor, pipes for distilled water inlet and distillate discharge (Drug Technology, Volume 1, under Edited by Kondratieva T.S., M., Medicine, 1991. S.167-169, Fig. 9.2).

A disadvantage of the known distiller is the inability to remove volatile substances, such as ammonia, during the distillation of the original tap water (A.E. Prikhodko, S.A. Valevko. Methods of preliminary preparation and preparation of water for pharmaceutical purposes. - Chemical-Pharmaceutical Journal, Volume 36, 2002 , No. 10, p.31-40). Moreover, distillation in a confined space of the distiller and the high volatility of ammonia lead to an increase in its concentration in purified water relative to the source. In addition, when using a distiller using water with a high content of volatile substances, in particular ammonia, as well as high salinity, it is possible to foam water and fill the vapor space of the evaporation chamber with foam, as a result of which hot water will start to emit and the apparatus will stop working. In this case, the normal operation of the apparatus can be ensured when:

- periodic (several times a day) discharge and re-filling the evaporation chamber with tap water;

- reducing the power of the apparatus;

- pretreatment of used tap water according to the methods used at local thermal power plants and boiler rooms (Akvadistillyator DE-25, Passport, Model 784. S.7-8).

The objective of the invention is to improve the quality of the distillate by removing ammonia from distilled water before feeding it to the evaporation chamber.

The problem is solved in that in the known distiller, comprising a housing with hollow walls, an evaporation chamber placed in the housing with separation screens and electric heaters placed therein and a condensation chamber, an equalizer with a level sensor and a supply pipe in communication with the evaporation chamber, according to the invention, the distiller is equipped with a filter installed outside the housing on the supply pipe under the equalizer, while the equalizer and the filter are interconnected by a connecting pipe with a bypass valve, and the filter is made n in the form of a casing with a cartridge placed in it with a filler that absorbs ammonia.

An inlet pipe is coaxially located in the cavity of the filter cartridge, with holes made in the lower part of the inlet pipe and in the upper part of the cartridge on their circumferential surfaces.

As a filler that absorbs ammonia, a mineral is used that has selective sorption with respect to ammonia, for example, zeolite (N.F. Chelishchev, B.G. Berenstein, V.F. Volodin, Zeolites - a new type of mineral raw material. M., Nedra , 1987, 176 p.).

In addition, the filter is replaceable.

The essence of the invention lies in the fact that the supply of a distiller with a filter allows preliminary purification of the source water from ammonia before it enters the evaporation chamber as a result of selective sorption of its filler, with which the filter cartridge is filled. Zeolite with a grain size of 0.3-0.8 mm is used as a filler. Preliminary studies have shown that the concentration of ammonia in the feed water affects the exchange capacity of the zeolite. In this case, with an increase in the concentration of ammonia in the source water, the sorption capacity of the zeolite increases. The exchange capacity of zeolite also increases with increasing sorption temperature, which is ensured by the passage through the zeolite of water heated as a result of heat exchange processes occurring in the distiller. In addition, zeolite can undergo repeated regeneration with the restoration of the initial sorption properties, which extends its service life.

Studies on the sorption capacity of zeolite when passing through a filter of initial solutions with an ammonia content of 1.7 μg / ml and 0.2 μg / ml showed that a decrease in the ammonia content begins with the first minutes of contact of water with zeolite.

Figure 1 shows a distiller, a section; figure 2 - filter, section.

The distiller consists of a housing 1 with hollow walls forming a cooling chamber 2, to which a supply valve 3 is connected. In the housing 1 there is an evaporation chamber 4 with electric heaters 5 and separation screens 6. The inner wall of the housing 1 and the outer surface of the evaporation chamber 4 form a condensation chamber 7 with a nipple 8. Equalizer 9, mounted outside the housing 1, is connected to the cooling chamber 2 by means of a branch pipe 10. Equalizer 9 is connected to the evaporation chamber 4 by means of a supply pipe 11 and has a drain through a branch 12. Supply the pipe 11 is equipped with a drain valve 13, and the equalizer 9 is equipped with a float level sensor 14 connected to the supply pipe 11 through the inlet pipe 15. The distiller is equipped with a filter 16 mounted on the supply pipe 11 under the equalizer 9. The equalizer 9 and the filter 16 are interconnected by a connecting pipe 17 with a bypass valve 18. The filter 16 consists of a casing 19, in which a cartridge 20 is placed filled with a filler 21. Between the inner surface of the wall of the casing 19 and the outer surface of the wall of the cartridge 20 there is a cavity 22 with an outlet pipe 23 for output purified water filter. Inside the cartridge 20 of the filter 16, an inlet pipe 24 is arranged coaxially for water from the equalizer 9. In the lower part of the inlet pipe 24 and in the upper part of the cartridge 20, holes 25 and 26 are made on their circumferential surfaces, respectively. The filler 21 is held from above by a mesh 27 fixed by a nut 28. The cartridge 20 is closed by a cover 29 (in figure 2, the cover 29 is shown in the removed state). The filter 16 is mounted on the supply pipe 11 with the help of couplings 30.

The distiller works as follows.

Tap water continuously enters through the supply valve 3 into the cooling chamber 2 of the housing 1 and then through the branch pipe 10 to the equalizer 9, from which through the filter 16 and the supply pipe 11 the water enters the evaporation chamber 4. The evaporation chamber 4 is filled with water to a predetermined level.

When the filter 16 is used, the bypass valve 18 on the connecting pipe 17 is open. When water enters from equalizer 9 into the filter 16, first the water passes through the inlet pipe 24 and, leaving it from the bottom through the holes 25, is evenly distributed across the cartridge 20 with the filler 21 from the bottom up and exiting through the upper part of the cartridge 20 with the mesh 27 and the hole 26 enters the cavity 22 formed by the walls of the casing 19 and the cartridge 20.

In the cartridge 20, ammonia is absorbed from the tap water by the filler 21. Then, the ammonia-free water flows from the cavity 22 into the outlet pipe 23 and then through an open bypass valve 18 on the connecting pipe 17 to the supply pipe 11 and the evaporation chamber 4.

The working water level in the evaporation chamber 4 is regulated by equalizer 9 due to the continuous outflow of excess tap water from it through the outlet 12. When the water level in the evaporation chamber 4 decreases below the working level, the float level sensor 14 turns off the electric heaters 5.

In the evaporation chamber 4, the water is heated by electric heaters 5 to a boil. The steam passes through the separation screens 6 into the condensation chamber 7, which is cooled externally by tap water flowing in the cooling chamber 2 of the housing 1. The separated steam is condensed in the condensation chamber 7, and the resulting distillate is discharged through the nipple 8.

When the distiller is completely turned off, for example, for routine inspection, all water from the evaporation chamber 4 of the distiller is drained through the drain valve 13.

If there is no need to purify the water from ammonia, the distiller can operate as usual, for this it is enough to close the bypass valve 18 on the connecting pipe 17, and distilled water, bypassing the filter 16, immediately flows from the equalizer 9 through the connecting pipe 17 to the supply pipe 11 and then into the evaporation chamber 4.

The filter 16 is made replaceable. When developing the filler 21 of the cartridge 20, the filter is unscrewed using couplings 30. Then, the cover 29 is removed from the cartridge 20 and the latter is removed from the filter housing 19. Unscrew the nut 28 at the inlet pipe 24, remove the mesh 27 and remove the filler 21. After the regeneration of the filler or its replacement, the cartridge is again filled with filler and placed in the filter casing 19, which is installed in its original place.

The cartridge filler is replaced when ammonia appears in the analyzed samples of purified water.

Example.

To determine the absorption capacity of the filler, an aqueous ammonia solution with a concentration of 0.2 μg / ml was passed through a filter with a zeolite fraction of 0.3-0.8 mm in an amount of 1000 g. The flow rate of the analyzed water through the filter without subsequent distillation was 400 ml / min. At regular intervals, a sample of purified water in an amount of 10 ml was taken and analyzed for ammonia content. Ammonia content was determined by a calibration graph based on photometric measurements of a solution of the reaction product of ammonium ions with Nessler's reagent at 440 nm in a cell with a layer thickness of 20 mm. The absorption of ammonia from the aqueous solution was 970 μg / g zeolite, which ensures the purification of 4850 liters of the original aqueous solution.

The working life of the filter depends on the speed of water supply to the distiller and the ammonia content in the source tap water.

For the DE-25 distiller with a water supply rate of 25 l / h to the evaporation chamber and with an ammonia content of 0.1 mg / l in the starting tap water and 1000 g zeolite weight, the filter will have a working time of 388 hours. If you need to use purified water in an amount of 25 L per day, it is possible to prepare medicines in the amount of 250 bottles of 100 ml (injection) or in the amount of 2500 bottles of 10 ml (eye drops), in this case the filter’s working life will be 18-20 months.

Using the proposed technical solution can improve the quality of purified water by removing ammonia from it.

Claims (4)

1. A distiller comprising a hollow-walled housing, an evaporation chamber placed in the housing with separation screens and electric heaters placed therein, and a condensation chamber, an equalizer with a level sensor in communication with the evaporation chamber, and a supply pipe, characterized in that the distiller is equipped with a filter installed externally cases on the supply pipe under the equalizer, while the equalizer and the filter are interconnected by a connecting pipe with a bypass valve, and the filter is made in the form of a casing with a cartridge with n ammonia scavenger. 2. The distiller according to claim 1, characterized in that the inlet pipe is coaxially located inside the filter cartridge, while holes are made in the lower part of the inlet pipe and in the upper part of the cartridge on their circumferential surfaces. 3. The distiller according to claim 1, characterized in that as a filler that absorbs ammonia, use a mineral having selective sorption with respect to ammonia, for example zeolite. 4. The distiller according to claim 1, characterized in that the filter is removable.

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