RU2296531C2 - Collapsible dental implant - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: medical engineering.

SUBSTANCE: device has intraosseous part made of a bioinert porous material and crown part having external part with artificial tooth and internal part. The internal part has damping lining. The intraosseous part is shaped as hollow cylinder with bottom, internal lateral surface of the cylinder is ellipsoid of revolution. Conic bushing narrowing towards bottom and having female thread is available inside of the cylinder. At least three longitudinal slits are available equidistant one from another on surface. The damping lining is available between the internal cylindrical surface and external bushing surface inside of which a screw is available. The damping lining is mounted in space separating artificial tooth and upper plane of intraosseous part.

EFFECT: eliminated implant rejection; natural chewing pressure distribution on the part of the implant upon bone.

3 dwg

Description

The invention relates to dentistry, in particular to devices for prosthetics on implants.

Known designs for collapsible dental implants (RU No. 2209049 C, 7 A 61C 8/02, published 2003.07.27 [1], RU No. 2255182 C, 7 A 61C 8/00, published 2004.03.10 [2], RU No. 2218126 C , 7 A 61C 8/00, published 2003.12.10 [3], WO 8803391, A 61C 8/00, published 1988.05.19. [4]), including a crown part consisting of an external part with an artificial tooth and an internal part included into the interior made of bioinert material.

Known designs solve problems aimed at:

- restoration of the anatomical shape and function of individual teeth;

- providing an acceptable biological seal between the inner part of the implant and its outer side;

- ensuring reliable fixation of the implant in the distal upper jaw;

- providing fastening of the implant in the dental fossa, which is an analogue of the root of the tooth.

The listed designs of collapsible dental implants in the presence of many advantages do not solve the problem of creating physiological tooth mobility. This is due to the fact that the known designs do not provide for the cushioning function of implants, i.e. known constructions have a “hard” type of implant fusion with the jaw bone, while the implant does not perform microexcursions and subsequently causes resorption of the bone alveoli, and therefore, implant rejection.

The closest in the set of essential features and the problem to be solved is to ensure the cushioning ability of an implant of similar physiological tooth mobility is the design of a collapsible dental implant (RU No. 2023437 C, 5 A 61C 8/00, published 1994.11.30) [5], adopted as a prototype.

The dental implant prototype includes an intraosseous part made of bioinert porous material, and a crown part consisting of external and internal parts, the internal part being located in the cavity of the intraosseous part and having a cushion pad located on the surface of the cavity, and the inner part is shaped elliptical paraboloid.

The presence of a shock-absorbing hemispherical gasket (analog of periodontal) allows you to achieve the most natural transmission of chewing pressure, preservation of microexcursion of the tooth.

However, on page 3 of the patent description [5], in an exemplary embodiment, it is indicated that the intraosseous part 1 of the implant is fixed with the crown part 2 using a micro-nut or other type of fastening. Therefore, both parts are rigidly fixed to each other, and at the same time, the cushioning function of the gasket 6 (shock absorber) completely disappears, which will lead to resorption of the bone alveoli and rejection of the implant during chewing.

The objective of the invention is the creation of a collapsible dental implant, which allows chewing to eliminate rejection of the implant by providing a natural distribution of chewing pressure from the implant on the bone part (alveoli), which ultimately leads to a multiple increase in the life of the implant.

The technical result of the invention is the elimination of rejection of the implant by providing a natural distribution of chewing pressure from the implant on the bone part (alveoli), which is achieved by eliminating the rigid attachment between the intraosseous and coronal part of the implant.

The specified technical result is achieved in that the collapsible dental implant contains an intraosseous part made of bioinert porous material, and a crown part consisting of an external with an artificial tooth and internal parts, while the inner part is equipped with a shock-absorbing pad, according to the invention, the intraosseous part has the shape of a hollow cylinder, with a bottom, the inner side surface of the cylinder is made in the form of an ellipsoid of revolution, inside the cylinder there is a conical sleeve with an internal thread, having at least three longitudinal slots are made at an equal distance from each other at an equal distance from the top plane below the upper plane, the shock-absorbing pad is located between the inner surface of the cylinder and the outer surface of the sleeve, inside of which there is a screw, the shock-absorbing washer is placed a gap between the artificial tooth and the upper plane of the intraosseous part.

This embodiment of a collapsible dental implant allows to exclude a hard mount between the intraosseous and coronal parts, because the shock-absorbing pad, the sleeve with the screw, the shock-absorbing washer and the surface of the ellipsoid of rotation of the intraosseous part simultaneously perform the function of a shock absorber, leading to micro-excursions of the intraosseous part of the implant during chewing, and a retainer of the intraosseous and crown parts. The intraosseous part made of porous titanium is inserted into the hole of the tooth and, when the bone tissue grows into the pores, gets a rigid connection with it.

In this case, an implant imitation of a tooth paradont is achieved. The presented intraosseous part of the implant corresponds to the jaw bone, the shock-absorbing pad and washer correspond to the ligamentous apparatus of the periodontium, and the sleeve with the screw corresponds to the root of the tooth.

The design of a collapsible dental implant is illustrated by schematic drawings, where Fig. 1 shows a cross section, Fig. 2 shows a conical sleeve with internal thread and longitudinal slots, where a is a side view, b is a section, view A, Fig. 3 shows a conic bushing in a perspective view.

A collapsible dental implant contains an intraosseous part 1 made of porous titanium, placed in the alveoli of the extracted tooth. The intraosseous part 1 has the shape of a hollow cylinder with a bottom 2, the inner surface 3 of which is made in the form of an ellipsoid of revolution. Inside the cylinder 1 is a tapered sleeve 4 with an internal thread 5, having a narrowing down (figa, b and figure 3). On the surface of the conical sleeve 4 below the upper plane 6 (Fig. 2a and Fig. 3), at least three longitudinal slots 7 (Fig. 2b, Fig. 3) are made at an equal distance from one another. Between the inner surface of the conical sleeve 4 is a shock-absorbing pad 8 made of silicone rubber or other bioinert rubber-like material (Fig. 1). Inside the conical sleeve 4, which is made of bioinert material, there is a screw 9 on which the crown of the artificial tooth 10 is attached. Part of the screw 9 with the crown of the artificial tooth 10 is the outer crown part of the implant, and the lower part of the screw 9 is the inner crown part. In the gap between the crown of the artificial tooth 10 and the intraosseous part 1 of the implant, a shock-absorbing washer 11 is placed.

Intraosseous part 1 of the implant is placed in the prepared dental alveolus and left until complete healing. Then, a shock-absorbing pad 8 is inserted into the intraosseous part 1, inside which a conical sleeve 4 is placed, a screw 9 is inserted into it, and it is tightened until it is completely fixed.

On the surface of the intraosseous part 1, a shock-absorbing washer 11 is placed, which is made as well as the shock-absorbing pad 8 of silicone rubber or other similar material. The crown of the artificial tooth 10 is fixed to the upper crown part of the screw 9. When the screw 9 is tightened, the conical sleeve 4 with slots 7 takes the form of a cylinder by expanding the surface sections of the conical sleeve 4 between the slots 7. In this case, the expanding sections of the surface of the conical sleeve 4 compress the shock-absorbing pad 8, which, in turn, is tight adjacent to the inner surface 3 of the hollow cylinder 1, which leads to reliable fixation of the coronal part in the intraosseous with simultaneous cushioning asti.

The implementation of the inner surface 3 of the intraosseous part in the form of an ellipsoid of revolution additionally increases the reliability of fixing the crown part.

When chewing using the inventive implant, microexcursions of the crown part occur, similar to microexcursions of the tooth in the periodontium within the limits of physiological mobility due to movable reliable fixation, which was not achieved in the prototype. This allows, together with the possibility of changing the intracoronal part when it is worn, repeatedly, in comparison with fame analogues, to increase the life of the dental implant.

Information sources

1. RU No. 2209049 C, 7 A 61C 8/02, published 2003.07.27.

2. RU No. 225182 C, 7 A 61C 8/00, published 2004.03.10.

3. RU No. 2218126 C, 7 A 61 C 8/00, published 2003.12.10.

4. WO 8803391 A 61C 8/00, published 1988.05.19.

5. RU No. 2023437 C, 5 A 61C 8/00, published 1994.11.30 - prototype.

Claims (1)

A collapsible dental implant containing an intraosseous part made of bioinert porous material and a crown part consisting of an external with an artificial tooth and internal parts, while the inner part is equipped with a shock-absorbing pad, characterized in that the intraosseous part has the shape of a hollow cylinder with a bottom, inner the lateral surface of the cylinder is made in the form of an ellipsoid of revolution, inside the cylinder there is a conical sleeve with an internal thread, having a narrowing downwards, on the surface are made equal At least three longitudinal slots from each other, a shock-absorbing pad is located between the inner surface of the cylinder and the outer surface of the sleeve, inside of which a screw is placed, and the shock-absorbing washer is placed in the gap between the artificial tooth and the upper plane of the intraosseous part.

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