RU2295832C1 - System for communicating with deeply immersed underwater objects - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: radio electronics, namely, wired communications, possible use for setting up communications with deeply immersed underwater objects.

SUBSTANCE: channeler is made in form of underwater sealed optical beam guide, through which optical signal expands with wave length λ=0,48-0,56 micrometers, modulated by means of sub-bearing frequencies, for transmission of several communication channels simultaneously, while for setup of connection with onshore end station, underwater object approaches input optical window of channeler for radius of effect of optical communication channel and without surfacing transfers information by means of its receiving-transmitting equipment working in optical spectrum.

EFFECT: increased secrecy and interference resistance of communications, increased speed and increased volume of transferred information.

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Description

The invention relates to the field of electronics, in particular to the technique of wired communication, and can be used to communicate with deep-sea underwater objects.

With the discovery of optical communication systems based on the use of an optical cable (canalizer), new ways of constructing underwater communication systems that can be used to communicate with deep-loaded underwater objects are opening up.

A well-known system of underwater cable deep sea communication with submarines, application for invention No. 2003121744/09 (023025) dated 07/14/03, which issued a positive decision.

The system contains coastal terminals with installed transceiver stations of the optical range, which are connected by an underwater optical cable to the transponders. Additionally, underwater sonar stations (GAS) floating at depth are installed with repeaters. To get in touch with the coastal terminal, the submarine approaches the floating gas station for the range of sonar equipment and, without surfacing, transmits information using telegraph equipment through its sonar station.

The disadvantage of the prototype is that the system does not ensure the secrecy of the transmitted information, since the hydro-acoustic communication channel is subject to the possibility of unauthorized interception, in addition, it has a narrow bandwidth.

The aim of the invention is to increase the secrecy and noise immunity of communication, as well as increasing the speed and volume of transmitted information.

This goal is achieved by the fact that the communication system with deep-submerged underwater objects consists of coastal transceiver equipment of the optical range connected to an optical canalizer laid along the bottom of the reservoir, while for undergoing communication with the coastal end point, the underwater object approaches the input optical window of the canalizer at a radius actions of the optical communication channel and, without surfacing, transmits information using its optical transceiver equipment, the channelizer it is in the form of an underwater sealed optical beam guide with a diameter of 2 ÷ 50 cm, along which an optical signal with a wavelength of λ = 0.48-0.56 μm, modulated by subcarrier frequencies, is transmitted to transmit several communication channels simultaneously, with the canalizer at one end connected to the input and output information unit through the shore-based optical transceiver equipment, which in turn is connected to a vacuum pump, while correcting elements are built into the canalizer, the second end of the canalizer having There is an output optical window through which communication is established with the transceiver equipment of the optical range located on the underwater object.

The drawing shows a block diagram of a communication system with deep-sea underwater objects, where:

1 - block input and output information;

2 - coastal transceiver equipment of the optical range;

3 - vacuum pump;

4 - sealed optical beam guide;

5 - correction element;

6 - output optical window;

7 - transceiver equipment of the optical range of the underwater object;

8 - underwater object.

The pumping of air from a sealed optical waveguide (4) with a vacuum pump (3) is necessary to reduce the loss of light radiation due to absorption and scattering in gases.

Correction elements 5 compensate for the loss of light radiation caused by the final defocusing of the optical beam, and are dielectric or gas lenses. In addition, prisms, mirrors, and bundles from optical waveguides are used to change the direction of the beam at the bends of the beam guide (4). To reduce losses due to reflection from the ends of corrective devices 5, antireflection coatings are applied to them or they are oriented at Brewster angles.

If we take 0.5 dB / km for the average attenuation in the optical beam guide 4, then after 10 km of the underwater path the optical radiation power will decrease by 3.16 times or by 5 dB. When the solid angle of the beam exiting the output optical window 6 is π / 2 at a distance of 50 m, a surface with an area of S = πR ² = 7850 m will be irradiated. Given the scattering in water, S≈10000 m ² . The magnitude of the light flux during passage in water is calculated by the formula:

I = I _o e ^-αz ,

where I _about - the intensity of the incident light flux;

α is the attenuation coefficient for sea water, equal to 0.05 ÷ 0.1;

z is the length of the path traveled by a ray of light in water.

For an opening in the body of an underwater object 8 with a diameter of 20 cm, the area of the photodetector element will be 0.0314 m ² (the photocell can be installed outside the solid case of the underwater object 8, then its area can be significantly increased). Thus, using a laser with a radiation power of 10 W, the energy incident on a photodetector located at a distance of 50 m will be about 10 ^-7 W. The sensitivity of modern photodetectors, excluding bandwidth, is ≈10 ^-12 W.

Thus, with a continuous power of ≈10 W, optical communication with the underwater object 8 is provided at a distance of about 100 m from the exit window 6. Given the possibility of underwater operations, the optical beam guide 4 can be laid and adjusted at depths of up to 100 m.

With an increase in laser power and the acquisition of experience in the construction of underwater light guides, the communication range between the underwater object and the output optical window of the light guide can reach 500-1000 m, and the laying depth can reach several hundred meters.

The advantage of the proposed system is the guaranteed stealth and noise immunity of communication with underwater objects. Listening and interception of information is excluded, since any leakage in the optical radiation paths is recorded by coastal transceiver equipment in the optical range. The created elements of the optical path provide a bandwidth of tens of GHz, which allows using several subcarrier frequencies to create a multi-channel underwater communication line that provides information transfer when organizing several thousand communication channels of various types.

Claims (1)

A communication system with deep-submerged underwater objects containing coastal transceiver equipment of the optical range and an optical channel placed along the bottom of the reservoir, the underwater object also contains transceiver equipment of the optical range, characterized in that the optical channel is made in the form of an underwater sealed optical beam guide with a diameter of 2-50 cm, with the possibility of propagation through it of an optical signal with a wavelength of λ = 0.48-0.56 μm, modulated using subcarrier frequencies for creating several communication channels at the same time, while the optical channel at one end is connected to the input and output unit of information through shore-based transmitting and receiving equipment of the optical range, which, in turn, is connected to a vacuum pump, correction elements are built into the optical channel to compensate for the loss of light radiation and changes the direction of the beam at the bends of the optical beam, in addition, the other end of the optical channel has an output optical window for establishing communication, the radius the action of the optical communication channel, with transceiver equipment of the optical range, located on the underwater object.