RU2295772C1 - Method for generation of texture in real time scale and device for its realization - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: engineering of visualization devices.

SUBSTANCE: method includes composing a subject map in advance, producing and storing subject data, depending on position of observer, zone of view is determined, also produced and stored is information about 3D objects (three-dimensional objects), performed further is generation and alteration of parameters of subject objects and composed is texture map of subject objects by means of operation of application with a mask. Technical result is achieved because generation, masking and alteration of image parameters of each 3D object is performed by determining image parameters of 3D object, while image of 3D object may be represented in one of three variants: point, mnemonic and image of model of 3D object, depending on representation of image of 3D object generation of point, or mnemonic, or image of model of 3D object is realized, depending on representation of 3D object realized is generation of mask of point or mnemonic object, or production of model and texture of 3D object, texturing of 3D object, rendering of 3D object, generation of mask of 3D object and application of image of 3D object onto texture map.

EFFECT: simplified generation of boundary during engagement of subject data in real time scale.

2 cl, 16 dwg

Description

The invention relates to modern technical methods and visualization tools that provide the user with limited visual surfaces for observing the virtual visual situation, and can be used, for example, in a flight visualization system or in a synthesis system for medical images of 3D objects (three-dimensional objects).

The generation of real-time texture refers, along with smoothing stepping and visualization of volumes in real time, to the fundamental tasks of computer graphics.

Studies show that at the current level of development of computer technology it is impossible to fully satisfy the user's requirements for the quality of the synthesized image. The potentially infinite complexity of the depicted real-world models requires specialized hardware support. The high computational cost of synthesizing photorealistic images stems from complex geometric transformations, the use of complex lighting models, texture and environmental displays, as well as methods for eliminating distortions arising from the discrete nature of image output devices (eliminating the staircase effect).

The problem of generating real-time texture and manipulating large amounts of visual information when observing images of 3D objects is very relevant when performing a number of tasks. For example, for visualization with a frequency of 10 Hz of a scene containing 200 thousand triangles of 100 pixels each, with a texture on each object, performance from approximately 500 MFLOPS to 1 GFLOPS will be required [1]. When generating a texture, the large requirements for memory bandwidth, which are caused by the need to display the texture, are associated with the desire to obtain an image of acceptable quality. In this case, it is necessary to perform the filtering operation on a plurality of texels falling into the projection of a pixel on the texture. To reduce computational costs, a number of methods are used, the most famous of which is mipmapping [2]. This method requires access to eight texture elements per pixel. Assuming a 50 percent hit in the Z-buffer and the use of RGB textures, the memory for storing textures should provide a transfer speed of 1.2 GB / s, in case if you need to apply a texture to each object [1]. Obviously, the formation and processing of such a quantity of visual information, and in real time, is only possible for the most modern computer. Currently, the most common visualization systems based on the use of specialized graphic computers for the formation, management, analysis and processing of visual information and presenting it in the most convenient way for the human operator to perceive.

A known method and device for generating texture for a digital image generator as part of an airplane flight simulator [3]. A method for generating a texture is that the (selected two or three) coordinates of each pixel in the image are converted back to earth coordinates, from which addresses are generated to access the texture table, to then obtain the elements from which the brightness inherent in each pixel is obtained. A texture table stores a limited number of texture types, stores the near and far texture, and stores texture detail levels. Distant texture elements are interpolated to avoid the effect of a checkerboard. Elements of the selected texture type are combined to create additional texture types, and adjacent texture levels are mixed to provide a smooth transition between the levels of texture.

The disadvantages of the known method for generating texture include a limited number of texture types and the inability to generate texture in real time.

Also known is a method and apparatus for generating texture [4]. The method for generating texture is that static texture data is pre-encrypted and provided as encrypted texture data with program instructions, encrypted texture data is received from the store, decrypted in the decryption unit, then decrypted texture data generates textured image data for the frame buffer, where they come from are displayed.

The disadvantages of the known method for generating texture include the complexity of encryption and decryption of texture data, the static texture data and the inability to generate texture in real time.

The closest (prototype) to the proposed real-time texture generation method is the texture generation method, which consists in preliminarily compiling a thematic map, generating and storing thematic data, depending on the position of the observer, determining the visibility zone, and also creating and storing 3D objects [5].

Figure 1 shows the sequence of operations that implements the known method of generating texture.

Figures 2 and 3 show examples of composing an image of a texture map from thematic data in a known method for generating texture.

Figure 4 shows a detailed sequence of operations that implements the known method of generating texture.

Figure 5 shows an example of determining the zone of visibility.

The analysis of figures 1-5 shows that the known method for generating texture does not allow, due to a limited number of rules for compiling a texture map from thematic data, to form arbitrary borders of thematic data on a texture map. Indeed, in the known method for generating texture, it is assumed that the thematic map is preliminarily formed, which is a plane divided into small square sections of the same size like a raster grid (see FIGS. 2 and 3). Each such site is a thematic element. Four corners of the thematic element, which are indicated by dots on the image of the texture map, correspond to four identification codes of thematic data. Thematic data refers to a texture sample specific to a given area, for example, forest, ocean, residential buildings, etc. A texture map is obtained by combining all the thematic elements, each of which, in turn, can consist of the same texture samples or different texture samples, docked according to certain rules, the number of which is limited, which follows from the consideration of figures 2 and 3.

A disadvantage of the known method for generating texture is the method of approximating the border of the intersection of the texture of the thematic data when forming the texture map.

Also, in the known method for generating texture at the preliminary stage, it is difficult to change the thematic map in case of changing the size and position of the section of the thematic map (for example, changing the size and position of the image of the island in the ocean or changing the size and position of the damaged surface in the image of a realistic model of the patient’s heart). In order to do this in the known method of texture generation, it is necessary for all thematic elements to change the four identification codes of thematic data and to change the rules for “joining” thematic data. Obviously, in real time, such changes in the known method for generating texture cannot be made.

Thus, in the known method for generating texture, the complexity and the complexity of forming an arbitrary border for “docking” thematic data when compiling a texture map increases with a decrease in the size of the thematic element and an increase in the number of “docking” rules.

The noted disadvantages of the known method for generating texture are more clearly visible in the detailed sequence of operations (see figure 4), which includes the following:

- obtaining the position of the observer;

- processing of photographic data;

- obtaining identification codes of thematic data;

- obtaining thematic data corresponding to the identification code;

- obtaining thematic data corresponding to identification codes;

- determination of the type of thematic data;

- selection of a method for joining thematic data of a natural type;

- selection of a method for joining thematic data of an unnatural type;

- docking of thematic data;

- processing for display;

- receiving object data;

- combination of objects with thematic data;

- mapping.

Obtaining an observer’s position involves entering real-time flight parameters such as, for example, altitude, direction, actual location, longitudinal and transverse inclination, horizontal and vertical speed, and other flight parameters.

The following is a determination of the availability of photographic data for the indicated position of the observer.

If there is specified photographic data, then proceed to the step of processing photographic data. After the processing of photographic data is completed, they are displayed.

If there is no specified photographic data, then proceed to the stage of obtaining identification codes of thematic elements from which a texture map is made. Each element contains an identification code showing which type of thematic data corresponds to the specified thematic element (see figure 2).

Next, it is determined which thematic data identification codes correspond to the thematic elements of the area under consideration, i.e. determine whether the thematic elements include homogeneous thematic data (for example, only forest) or various thematic data (for example, part of the element is occupied by forest and part by ocean). If the specified identification codes are the same, then proceed to the stage of obtaining thematic data corresponding to the specified identification code. If these identification codes are different, then go to the stage of obtaining identification codes of thematic data for all thematic elements of the considered area.

Then the type of thematic data is determined. All thematic data are divided into two types: natural (for example, forest, ocean) and unnatural (for example, residential buildings). If the thematic data are of the natural type, then they proceed to the stage of choosing the method of joining the thematic data of the natural type. For thematic data of a natural type, there are three rules for joining various thematic data within one thematic element (see Fig. 3). A characteristic feature of the boundary between thematic data of a natural type is its tortuosity, which is approximated by sinusoidal lines. A specific docking rule is automatically selected based on the analysis of identification codes corresponding to the four corners of the thematic element.

If the thematic data are of an unnatural type, then they proceed to the step of choosing the method of joining the thematic data of an unnatural type. For thematic data of an unnatural type, there are three rules for joining various thematic data within one thematic element (see Fig. 3). It is characteristic of the rules for joining thematic data of an unnatural type that the border between thematic data runs along straight lines. A specific docking rule is automatically selected based on the analysis of identification codes corresponding to the four corners of the thematic element.

After choosing the method of joining the thematic data, they go directly to the stage of joining the thematic data, which consists in combining, according to one of the above rules, various thematic data within one thematic element (see Fig. 3).

Next, the distance to the considered area of the terrain is determined (since in the known method for generating texture only flight above the ground is considered, the height at which the flight is made is of importance). If the distance is not less than the X value previously determined at the initial stage (see Fig. 5), then proceed to the processing step for display, which includes processing the data of thematic elements and forming an image of the texture for subsequent display. If the distance is less than a predetermined value of X (see figure 5), then proceed to the step of obtaining data about the image of 3D objects. The known method for generating texture provides that in addition to the formed texture of the terrain, images of 3D objects, such as, for example, a house, can be introduced. However, the possibility of applying texture to 3D objects in the known method for generating texture is absent, which, of course, reduces the realism of the generated texture.

After receiving data about the image of 3D objects, they proceed to the stage of combining the image of 3D objects with thematic data. In this case, 3D object images are placed on the texture map, and as the observer approaches, new objects that were not visible before can be added.

The last step of the known texture generation method is mapping. The display step is to output to the display means the generated image. The generated image may include photographic data, texture data and data of additionally entered 3D objects.

The analysis of the detailed sequence of operations of the known method for generating texture revealed, according to the authors of the alleged invention, another drawback: the inability to generate realistic terrain texture in real time in flight conditions.

The prototype device [5] contains a video interface and a video monitor connected in series, as well as data storage facilities, thematic map processing facilities, texture map generation tools from thematic elements, 3D object image generating means.

Thus, the disadvantages of the known method of generating textures and devices for its implementation are the complexity and the complexity of forming an arbitrary border of “matching” thematic data when compiling a texture map and the inability to generate realistic terrain texture in real time.

The technical result of the invention is to simplify the formation of an arbitrary border “docking” of the thematic data when compiling a texture map and generating a realistic texture in real time.

The essence of the proposed method lies in the fact that in real time the thematic map is preliminarily compiled, thematic data are generated and stored, depending on the position of the observer, the visibility zone is determined, information about 3D objects is generated and stored, and parameters and thematic parameters are formed and changed. make a texture map of thematic objects by means of masking operations.

In this case, thematic objects consist of thematic data, photo data and images of 3D objects, and thematic data can be presented in one of three options: high, medium and low resolution, and an image of a 3D object can be presented in one of three options: point, mnemonic and the image of the 3D model of the object.

In addition, the formation, masking and changing the parameters of each of the thematic objects is carried out by forming a mask of the thematic object, preparing thematic data or photo data of the thematic object, texturing the thematic object by mask and applying the thematic object to the texture map.

In addition, the formation, masking and change of the image parameters of each 3D object is carried out by determining the image parameters of the 3D object, depending on the representation of the image of the 3D object, the formation of a point, or mnemonic, or image of the 3D model of the object is carried out, depending on the representation of the image of the 3D object forming a mask of a point or mnemonic object or obtaining a model and texture of a 3D object, texturing a 3D object, rendering a 3D object, creating masks 3D object and the 3D object image overlay on the texture map.

According to the invention, a microprocessor, means for determining the visibility zone, means for processing thematic objects and means for temporary storage of a texture map are additionally introduced into the device for implementing the known method for generating texture, containing a video interface and a video monitor connected in series, as well as data storage means and 3D object image generating means. while the microprocessor output is connected to the input of the video interface, and the data storage means, means visibility zones, processing tools for thematic objects, means for generating images of 3D objects and temporary storage of texture maps are connected by bidirectional buses, respectively, with the first, second, third, fourth and sixth inputs of the microprocessor, the fifth input of which is connected to the input of the device for implementing the method of generating texture in real time, while the processing facilities for thematic objects contain sequentially connected means for determining the parameters of thematic objects, means of forming a mask and means of placing an image of a thematic object on a texture map, as well as means of forming a thematic texture, while the second and third outputs of means for determining the parameters of thematic objects are connected respectively to the first input of means of forming a thematic texture and to the second input of means of placing an image of a thematic object on the texture map, input-output data processing tools thematic objects connected bidirectional bus with means opr parameterization of the thematic objects, the second inputs of the mask forming means and the thematic texture generation tools and the third input of the thematic object image placement means on the texture map, the fourth input of which is connected to the output of the thematic texture formation tools, and the output to the output of thematic processing tools, while means for generating images of 3D objects contain series-connected means for forming a mask of the image of a 3D object and means for placing 3D object drag onto a texture map, as well as switching means, 3D object point image generating means, 3D object mnemonic image generating means and 3D object three-dimensional image generating means, while the input-output of these 3D object image generating means is connected by a bi-directional bus to the input of means switching and the second input of the means of placing the image of the 3D object on the texture map, the first, second and third outputs of the switching means are connected respectively to the inputs means for generating a point image of a 3D object, means for generating a mnemonic image of a 3D object and means for generating a three-dimensional image of a 3D object, outputs of means for generating a point image of a 3D object, means for generating a mnemonic image of a 3D object and means for generating a three-dimensional image of a 3D object are connected to the input of means for generating a 3D image mask object, the output of the means of placing the image of the 3D object on the texture map is connected to the output of the means of generating images images of 3D objects, while the means of generating a three-dimensional image of a 3D object contain sequentially connected means of forming a model of a 3D object, means of applying texture to a model of a 3D object and rendering tools, while the input of means of forming a model of a 3D object and the second input of means of applying a texture to a model of 3D object connected by a bi-directional bus with input / output of data of means for generating a three-dimensional image of a 3D object, the output of rendering means is connected to the output of means of generating a three-dimensional About the image of a 3D object.

This combination of new and well-known features allows to achieve a technical result, improve the texture generation method and build a device that implements the proposed real-time texture generation method.

Figure 6 shows the sequence of operations of the proposed method for generating texture in real time.

7 shows a detailed sequence of operations of the proposed method for generating texture in real time.

On Fig-10 shows examples of the formation of thematic objects in the proposed method for generating texture in real time.

Figure 11 shows an example of texture mapping on a 3D object.

12-15 are structural diagrams of a device for implementing the proposed method for generating real-time texture.

On Fig is a diagram of the algorithm of the device for implementing the proposed method for generating texture in real time.

The analysis of Fig. 6 shows that the method of real-time texture generation proposed by the authors eliminates these drawbacks of the known texture generation method and forms an image of a realistic texture in real time. The method of real-time texture generation proposed by the authors is based on a completely different principle of approximating the border of “docking” of thematic data when compiling a texture map. The authors propose, instead of approximating the border of “docking” of thematic data, the formation of thematic objects from thematic data and the generation of a texture map from thematic objects by means of masking operations. In other words, the boundaries of the “docking” of the thematic data when compiling the texture map are “laid” in the form of a thematic object. At the same time, there is no need to use the “docking” rules to approximate the border of “docking” of the thematic data and change the parameters of all thematic elements when changing the size or position of the section of the thematic map. In the method of real-time texture generation proposed by the authors, a change in the size or position of the thematic object on the section of the thematic map is sufficient for this. Obviously, this approach simplifies the generation of a realistic texture map and allows its formation in real time. In addition, the authors proposed method for generating real-time texture of textures allows the overlapping of several thematic objects, which is basically impossible within the framework of one thematic element in the known method of texture generation.

Consider the essence of the proposed method for generating texture in real time with a detailed description of the method (see Fig.7), which includes the following steps:

- obtaining the position of the observer;

- calculation of the field of view;

- determination of the required resolution for visualization:

- getting a map of the location of thematic objects;

- obtaining the parameters of the thematic object;

- formation of a mask of a thematic object;

- receiving photo data of a thematic object;

- preparation of the thematic texture of the thematic object;

- texturing a thematic object by mask;

- placing a textured thematic object on a texture map;

- Obtaining a map of the location of images of 3D objects;

- receiving 3D object parameters;

- definition of the type of objects;

- formation of a 3D object model;

- getting the texture of a 3D object;

- texturing a 3D object;

- rendering of a 3D object;

- formation of a mask image of a 3D object;

- the formation of a point or mnemonic image of a 3D object;

- formation of a mask of a point or mnemonic image of a 3D object

- placing an image of a 3D object on a texture map;

- visualization.

The proposed method for generating texture in real time involves the formation of a texture map and the imposition of arbitrary thematic objects on it in real time. The texture map in the proposed method for generating texture is a lot of thematic objects that can be modified in real time, for example, to change the size, location and mask.

As in the known texture generation method, in the proposed real-time texture generation method, the thematic data is understood to mean a texture sample specific to a given area, for example, forest, ocean, residential buildings, etc. This is where the similarity between the known and proposed methods for generating texture ends. In order to verify this, it is enough to compare the detailed sequence of operations for implementing the known and proposed methods for generating texture presented in FIGS. 4 and 7, respectively. In the proposed method for generating texture in real time, thematic objects are first formed from thematic data, and then a texture map obtained by combining all thematic objects, each of which can, in turn, consist of the same texture samples or different text samples ry.

The step of a detailed sequence of operations (see Fig. 7) of the proposed real-time texture generation method “Obtaining the observer's position” includes inputting real-time flight parameters, such as, for example, altitude, direction, actual location, longitudinal and transverse inclination, horizontal and vertical speed and other flight parameters.

The next step is the calculation of the visibility zone on the X, Y plane (see Fig. 5), which is necessary for optimizing the work: it implies the generation and visualization of only the required part of the texture map within a certain visibility zone.

This is followed by the step of determining the required resolution for visualization, at which the ratio of the observer's position to the maximum height is calculated, and, depending on this ratio, low, medium or high resolution textures are selected. For a closer observer position above the texture map, high-resolution thematic data is selected, for medium-sized observer positions, medium-resolution thematic data is selected, and for the highest observer position, low-resolution thematic data is selected.

The next step is to obtain a map of the location of thematic objects - at this stage, the location coordinates of thematic objects are obtained from the data warehouse.

The next step is to obtain the parameters of the thematic object - at this stage, the parameters of the future thematic object are obtained from the data store, such as the dimensions, position of the object, and relevant thematic data.

This is followed by the formation of a mask of a thematic object - at this stage, a mask of a future thematic object is obtained and the parameters of the thematic objects are applied.

If the photo data must be placed on a texture map, then the next step is to obtain the photo data of a thematic object. At the same time, at this stage, predefined photo data is obtained from the data warehouse, for example, a real picture of a geographical area, as shown in Fig. 8.

If there is no photo data, then the preparation of the thematic texture of the thematic object follows. At the same time, at this stage, a texture is created from the thematic data, equal in size to the size of the mask.

The following is the texturing of the theme object by mask. At the same time, at this stage, the prepared texture is masked and a thematic object is formed, as shown in Fig. 9.

This is followed by placing a textured thematic object on a texture map. At this stage, the image of the thematic object is superimposed on the texture map by mask, as shown in Fig. 9.

The following is a map of the location of images of 3D objects. At the same time, at this stage, the coordinates of the location of images of 3D objects are obtained from the data warehouse.

This is followed by obtaining the parameters of a 3D object - at this stage, the parameters of the future image of the 3D object are obtained, such as the dimensions of the 3D object, the position of the 3D object, the texture of the 3D object.

The following is the definition of a 3D object visualization option (point, mnemonic, or 3D object image). The choice of the 3D object visualization option is carried out depending on the position of the observer. That is, if a 3D object is at a distance less than a predetermined value of X (see FIG. 5), an image of its three-dimensional model is generated. If the 3D object is at a distance greater than X, then its mnemonic image is generated. If the 3D object is at a distance greater than the predetermined value X '(see Fig. 5), then its point image is generated, as shown in Fig. 10.

If a 3D option for visualizing a 3D object is defined, then the 3D model of the object is formed - at this stage, the 3D model of the object is loaded from the data store and the model of the specific 3D object is formed using parameters such as the dimensions and position of the 3D object, as shown in FIG. 10.

The next step is to obtain the texture of the 3D object - at this stage, the texture is obtained from the data warehouse corresponding to the given 3D object.

The following is the texturing of the 3D object - at this stage, the texture is superimposed on the 3D object.

Next comes the rendering of a 3D object - at this stage, a three-dimensional model of a 3D object is visualized with a texture superimposed on it.

This is followed by the formation of a mask for the image of a 3D object - at this stage, the mask is formed of a point, mnemonic, or image of a model of a 3D object.

The following is the placement of the image of a 3D object (point, mnemonic or image of a 3D object) on a texture map. At this stage, the image of the 3D object is superimposed on the texture map using the mask.

Visualization - at this stage, the texture map is transferred to the output device.

As can be seen from the presented description and Figs. 8-11, the proposed method allows to generate a realistic texture in real time regardless of its complexity, number of objects and possible changes in the parameters of objects (shape, size, position), which helps to improve the conditions for the subsequent overlay of the formed texture , for example, on a 3D object, as shown in FIG. 11.

A device for implementing the proposed method for generating real-time texture (see Fig. 12) comprises means for storing data 1, means for determining the visibility zone 2, means for processing thematic objects 3, means for generating images of 3D objects 4, a microprocessor 5, a video interface 6, means temporary storage of texture map 7, video monitor 8, information input 9.

Means for processing thematic objects 3 (see Fig. 13) contain means for determining the parameters of thematic objects 10, means for forming a mask 11, means for forming a thematic texture 12, means for placing an image of a thematic object on a texture map 13, input-output of data 14, output of processing tools thematic objects 15.

The means for generating images of 3D objects 4 (see Fig. 14) comprise switching means 16, means for generating a point image of a 3D object 17, means for generating a mnemonic image of a 3D object 18, means for generating an image of a 3D model of an object 19, means for generating a 3D image mask of an object 20, means for placing an image of a 3D object on a texture map 21, input-output of data 22 and output of means for generating images of 3D objects 23.

The means for generating the image of the 3D model of the object 19 (see Fig. 15) contain means for generating the 3D model of the object 24, means for applying texture to the 3D model of the object 25, rendering tools 26, input-output data 27, and the output of the means for generating the image of the 3D model of the object 28.

In the device for implementing the real-time texture generation method, the microprocessor 5, the video interface 6, and the video monitor 8 are connected in series. The data storage means 1, the visibility zone 2 means, the thematic object processing 3, the 3D image processing means 4 and the temporary texture storage means cards 7 are connected by a bi-directional bus, respectively, with the first, second, third, fourth and sixth inputs of the microprocessor 5. Information input 9 is connected to the fifth input of the microprocessor otsessora 5.

In the means of processing thematic objects 3, the means for determining the parameters of thematic objects 10, the means for forming a mask 11 and the means for placing the image of the thematic object on the texture map 13 are connected in series. The second and third outputs of the means for determining the parameters of thematic objects 10 are connected respectively to the first input of the means for forming the thematic texture 12 and with the second input of the means of placing the image of the thematic object on the texture map 13. Data input-output 14 is connected bidirectionally bus with means for determining the parameters of the thematic objects 10, the second inputs of the means for forming the mask 11 and the means for forming the thematic texture 12, the third input of the means for placing the image on the texture map 13. The output is connected to the fourth input of the means for forming the image of the thematic object 13, the output for the means for placing the thematic image object on the texture map 13 is connected to the output of processing facilities for thematic objects 15.

In the means of generating images of 3D objects 4, the means for generating the image mask of the 3D object 20 and the means for placing the image of the 3D object on the texture map 21 are connected in series. The input / output of the data 22 of the means for generating the images of 3D objects 4 is connected by a bi-directional bus to the input of the switching means 16 and the second input of placing the image of the 3D object on the texture map 21. The first, second and third outputs of the switching means 16 are connected respectively to the inputs of the means for generating a point image of a 3D object that 17, means for generating a mnemonic image of a 3D object 18 and means for generating an image of a 3D model of an object 19. The outputs of means for generating a point image of a 3D object 17, means for generating a mnemonic image of a 3D object 18 and means for generating an image of a model of 3D object 19 are connected to the input of means for generating an image mask 3D object 20. The output of the means of placing the image of the 3D object on the texture map 21 is connected to the output 24 of the means of generating images of 3D objects 4.

In the means for generating the image of the 3D model of the object 19, the means for generating the 3D model of the object 24, the means for applying texture to the 3D model of the object 25, and the rendering means 26 are connected in series. The input of means for generating the 3D model of object 24 and the second input of the tools for applying texture to the 3D model of object 25 are connected a bus with input / output data 27 of the means of generating the image of the 3D model of the object 19. The output of the means of rendering 26 is connected to the output 28 of the means of generating the image of the 3D model of the object 19.

A device for implementing the real-time texture generation method works as follows (see FIGS. 12-16). Information input 9 receives the following data: thematic maps, maps of the location of images of 3D objects, photo data, thematic data of high, medium and low resolution, masks of thematic objects, models of 3D objects, mnemonic images of 3D objects, point images of 3D objects, textures of 3D objects. In addition, information on the observer’s position, for example, height and actual position, in the case of using the device to implement a method for generating real-time texture in a flight simulator, is received in real time information 9.

Means of data storage 1 provide storage of the above data coming through information input 9, and their provision to the first input of microprocessor 5 for further processing. Storage media 1 may include, for example, a hard disk or other devices capable of performing this function.

During the operation of the system, information about the position of the observer is received at the information input 9, the microprocessor 5 processes it and transfers to the input of the means for determining the visibility zone 2, where, depending on the current position of the observer, the area visible to the observer is calculated. In the simplest case (see Fig. 3), depending on the predefined value of the viewing angle α, the boundaries of the square of visibility on the XY plane are calculated, and the observer's Z coordinate is the height of the observer above the plane. Thus, it is necessary to calculate the four values of X1, X2, Y1, Y2, limiting the square of the visibility zone on the XY plane. This device can be implemented in the form of a combinational logic circuit that implements the specified function. The calculation results are transmitted to the second input of the microprocessor 5.

Depending on the visibility range, the microprocessor 5 requests from the data storage means 1 the necessary part of the thematic map. The thematic card is fed to the first input of microprocessor 5.

After the arrival of the thematic card, the microprocessor 5 forms the initial texture map and transfers it to the input of temporary storage of the texture map 7, which store the texture map and provide it to the sixth input of the microprocessor 5 for further processing. Means of temporary storage of texture map 7 act as a buffer and may include, for example, high-speed RAM or other devices that allow performing the specified function.

After the formation of the original texture map, the microprocessor 5 begins sequential processing of the thematic map, i.e. bypasses all available thematic objects.

After the discovery of a thematic object, the microprocessor 5 transmits information about it to the input of the processing facilities for thematic objects 3, which ensure that the image of the thematic object is placed on a texture map. In the process, the processing facilities for thematic objects 3 request a mask for a thematic object, corresponding texture data and photo data from data storage means 1 through microprocessor 5, as well as a texture map from temporary storage means of texture map 7.

After placing the image of the thematic object on the texture map, the texture map is transferred to the third input of the microprocessor 5, which transfers it to the input of temporary storage means of the theme map 7.

After placing the images of all thematic objects on the texture map, the microprocessor 5 requests from the data storage means 1 the necessary part of the map of the location of the images of 3D objects. The map of the location of images of 3D objects is fed to the first input of the microprocessor 5, after which the microprocessor 5 begins sequential processing of the map of the location of images of 3D objects bypasses all available 3D objects.

After the 3D object is detected, the microprocessor 5 transmits information about it to the input of 3D image generating means 4, which ensure that the corresponding 3D image of the object (point, mnemonic or three-dimensional) is placed on the texture map. The selection of the corresponding image of a 3D object is carried out depending on the position of the observer. In other words, if the 3D object is at a distance less than a predetermined value of X, then its three-dimensional image is generated, if it is at a distance greater than X, then its mnemonic image is generated, and finally, if the 3D object is at a distance greater than the predetermined value X, then its point image is generated. Thus, the microprocessor 5 calculates this distance and transmits the corresponding control signal for switching the 3D visualization mode to the input of 3D image generation tools 4. In the process, 3D image generation tools 4 request a point, mnemonic image of a 3D object, model and texture of a 3D object, depending on the visualization option, from the data storage means 1 through the microprocessor 5, as well as the texture map from the temporary storage means of the texture map 7.

After placing the image of the 3D object on the texture map, the texture map is transferred to the fourth input of the microprocessor 5, which transfers it to the input of temporary storage of the thematic map 7.

After placing all the images of 3D objects on the texture map, the microprocessor 5 requests a fully formed texture map from the temporary storage means of the texture map 7 and transfers it to the input of the video interface 6 for visualization.

Video interface 6 implements the image for display on the video monitor 8. As a video interface, you can use a standard PC video adapter, for example, NVIDIA 6600 GT or another type of device that allows you to perform these functions.

The video monitor 8 provides a visual representation to the user of the generated image of the texture map from the video interface. As a video monitor, you can use a standard PC video monitor that supports a resolution of 1152 × 864 and 32 bit color depth.

As follows from the analysis of FIGS. 12-15, the microprocessor 5 provides a centralized exchange of information between the units of the device to implement a real-time texture generation method. Microprocessor 5 also provides the following functions: processing a thematic map, processing a map of the location of images of 3D objects, determining a variant of visualization of a 3D object depending on the distance to it, and processing in real time the data on the observer's position received at information input 9. As a microprocessor, you can use a standard PC microprocessor, for example, Intel® Pentium 4 3.8 GHz Extreme Edition or another type of device that allows you to perform these functions.

Means of processing thematic objects 3 work as follows (see Fig.13). Information about the parameters of the thematic objects, about the parameters of the mask of the thematic object, about the texture and photo data comes from the microprocessor 5 through the input-output of data 14 to the means for determining the parameters of the thematic objects 10, means for forming the mask 11, means for forming the thematic texture 12 and means for placing the image of the thematic object to texture map 13. Means for determining the parameters of thematic objects 10 from the received information determine the size, shape and position of thematic objects on the texture th map and then loading and administers operation of the mask generating means 11, generating means 12 and focal texture image space theme object means on a texture map 13.

Means of forming a mask 11 are intended for forming a mask of the image of a thematic object according to the loaded parameters.

Means of forming a thematic texture 12 are intended for forming a texture of a thematic object.

Means for placing the image of the thematic object on the texture map 13 are used to place the image of the thematic object on the texture map according to the generated mask.

The means of forming the mask 11 request through the input-output of data 14 from the data storage means 1 a mask, according to certain parameters of the thematic object they form it and transmit to the means of placing images of the thematic object on the texture map 13.

Means of forming a thematic texture 12 form a texture for placing it on a texture map by forming an image of a thematic object according to the size of the formed mask. If the size of the thematic data is less than the required size of the final texture, then the entire required texture is filled with thematic data. Next, the formed texture of the thematic object is transmitted to the means of placing the image of the thematic object on the texture map 13.

Having received all the necessary data, the means of placing the image of the thematic object on the texture map 13 are requested through the output-input of data 14 texture map and the mask is applied to the formed texture on it. A texture map with a thematic object superimposed is passed to the output of the processing facilities for thematic objects 15.

Means of generating images of 3D objects 4 work as follows (see Fig.14). Means of generating images of 3D objects 4 provide the formation and overlay on a texture map of images of a 3D object. Objects can be represented as points at the highest position of the observer, in the form of mnemonic images of a 3D object with an average between the highest position and the maximum approximate value of the position of the observer, and in the form of 3D objects at the maximum approximate position of the observer. Information about the parameters of 3D objects comes from the microprocessor 5 through the input / output of data 22 to the switching means 16 and the means of placing the 3D image of the object on the texture map 21. The switching means 16, according to the received information, load the means for generating a point image of a 3D object 17, means for generating a mnemonic image 3D of an object 18 and means for generating an image of a 3D model of an object 19.

To form a point image of a 3D object, the following data from the data storage means 1 is received in the block of the means for generating a point image of a 3D object 17 through a microprocessor 5: a point image of a 3D object, the position of the image of a 3D object.

To form a mnemonic image of a 3D object, means for generating a mnemonic image of a 3D object 18 via microprocessor 5 receive the following data from data storage means 1: a mnemonic image of a 3D object, the position of the image of a 3D object.

To form an image of a 3D object model, means for generating an image of a 3D object model 19 via microprocessor 5 receive the following data from data storage means 1: 3D object model, 3D object texture, 3D object position and its dimensions.

The means of forming the image mask of the 3D object 20 according to certain parameters of the 3D object form the image mask of the 3D object and transmit to the means of placing the image of the 3D object on the texture map 21.

Having received all the necessary data, the means of placing the image of the 3D object on the texture map 21 in a mask superimpose the image of the 3D object on the texture map and transmit it to the output 23 of the means for generating images of 3D objects 4.

The means for generating an image of a 3D model of an object 19 operate as follows (see FIG. 15). Information about the parameters of the 3D model of the object comes from the microprocessor 5 through the input-output data 27 to the means of forming the 3D model of the object 24 and the means of applying texture to the model of the 3D object 25. The means of forming the 3D model of the object 24 from the received information load the 3D model of the object from the data store 1 and the formation of a model of a specific 3D object using parameters such as dimensions, position of the 3D object. The generated model of the 3D object is transferred to the texture mapping means on the 3D model of the object 25. The texture mapping means on the 3D model of the object 25, according to the received information, download the texture of the 3D model of the object from data storage 1 and texturing the model of the specific 3D object. After applying the texture, the textured model of the 3D object is transferred to the rendering means 26. The rendering means 26 render the textured model of the 3D object and transmit the rendered image to the output 28 of the means for generating the image of the 3D model of the object 19.

The above descriptions of the real-time texture generation method and device for its implementation, according to the authors of the alleged invention, show that the proposed real-time texture generation method eliminates the disadvantages of the known texture generation method and forms a realistic texture image in real time. Figs. 8-11 illustrate this clearly.

The technical and economic effect of the proposed method and device for its implementation consists in generating a more realistic texture in real time, which helps to improve the conditions for subsequent processing of the visualized information.

Information sources

1. V. Strasser, A. Schilling, G. Knittel. The architecture of high-performance graphics systems // Open Systems, No. 5, 1995.

2. A.Flavell. MIP-MAP Filtering during application execution // www.ixbt.com., 02/02/1999.

3. Method and apparatus for texture generation // Patent CA 1217861 from 1987-02-07.

4. Texturing system // Patent US 2005055550 from 2005-03-10.

5. Image texturing system having theme cells // Patent US 5748867 from 1998-05-05.

Claims (2)

1. A method of generating texture in real time, which consists in preliminarily compiling a thematic map, forming and storing thematic data, depending on the position of the observer, determining the visibility zone, and also generating and storing information about 3D objects (three-dimensional objects), the formation and change of parameters of thematic objects and make up a texture map of thematic objects by means of masking operations, characterized in that the formation, masking and change of steam The image of each 3D object is carried out by determining the parameters of the image of the 3D object, while the image of the 3D object can be represented in one of three options: point, mnemonic and image of the 3D model of the object, depending on the representation of the image of the 3D object, the formation of a point, or mnemonic, or images of a 3D object model, depending on the representation of the 3D object image, a mask of a point or mnemonic object is formed, or the model is received and those 3D object texture, 3D object texturing, 3D object rendering, 3D object mask formation and 3D object image overlay on the texture map. 2. A device for implementing a real-time texture generation method, comprising a video interface and a video monitor connected in series, as well as data storage means and 3D object image generation means, a microprocessor, visibility zone determination means, thematic objects processing means and texture map temporary storage means, the output of the microprocessor is connected to the input of the video interface, and the data storage means, means for determining the visibility range, processing means math objects, means of generating images of 3D objects and means of temporary storage of texture maps are connected by bidirectional buses, respectively, with the first, second, third, fourth, and sixth inputs of the microprocessor, the fifth input of which is connected to the input of the device for implementing the method of generating texture in real time, different the fact that the processing facilities for thematic objects contain sequentially connected means for determining the parameters of thematic objects, the means of forming masks and means for placing the image of the thematic object on the texture map, as well as means for forming the thematic texture, while the second and third outputs of the means for determining the parameters of the thematic objects are connected respectively to the first input of the means for forming the thematic texture and to the second input of the means for placing the image of the thematic object on the texture a card, input-output of data for processing tools for thematic objects is connected by a bi-directional bus with means for determining the parameters of thematic objects, the second inputs of the means of forming a mask and means of forming a thematic texture and the third input of means of placing the image of a thematic object on a texture map, the fourth input of which is connected to the output of means of forming a thematic texture, and the output to the output of means of processing thematic objects, 3D image generating means objects contain series-connected means of forming a mask image of a 3D object and means of placing the image of a 3D object on a texture map y, as well as means of switching, means for generating a point image of a 3D object, means for generating a mnemonic image of a 3D object, and means for generating an image of a model of 3D objects, while the input-output of these means for generating images of 3D objects is connected by a bi-directional bus to the input of means of switching and the second input of means placing the 3D image of the object on the texture map, the first, second and third outputs of the switching means are connected respectively to the inputs of the point image generating means 3D object, means for generating a mnemonic image of a 3D object and means for generating an image of a model of a 3D object, outputs of means for generating a point image of a 3D object, means for generating a mnemonic image of a 3D object, and means for generating an image of a model of a 3D object are connected to the input of means for generating a mask for a 3D image of an object means for placing an image of a 3D object on a texture map is connected to the output of means for generating images of 3D objects, means for generating an image 3D model objects contain series-connected 3D object model generation tools, texture mapping tools on a 3D object model and rendering tools, while the input of 3D model building tools and the second input of texture mapping tools on a 3D object model are connected by a bi-directional bus with data input / output means for generating an image of a model of a 3D object, the output of rendering means is connected to the output of means for generating an image of a model of a 3D object.

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