RU2295548C1 - Polymeric layer composition for floor cover - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: special covers.

SUBSTANCE: invention proposes polymeric layer composition used as a basic layer for domestic, semi-commercial and commercial floor cover. The composition comprises, wt.-%: polyvinyl chloride, 30-34; plasticizer, 30-36, and wollastonite as a filling agent, 30-36. Addition of natural mineral wollastonite to the composition provides enhancing exploitation and strengthening indices of floor cover of this class.

EFFECT: improved and valuable properties of composition.

2 cl, 3 tbl, 7 ex

Description

The invention relates to the field of production of building materials, and in particular to the composition of the polymer composition, which is used as the main layer of rolled household and semi-commercial flooring.

As a rule, these are heterogeneous coatings with a protective layer of 0.15-0.3 mm, featuring a wide range of color and design solutions. These coatings are used in residential premises, small offices, hotel rooms, hospital wards and other premises of this kind. Good decorative properties and strength characteristics allow these coatings to compete with laminate, carpet and ceramic tiles (Building materials and products. Textbook for engineering and economic specialties of construction universities / A.G. Komarov /, M., Higher School, 1983, 487 pp. ) (one).

In most cases, the considered floor coverings consist of reinforcing fiberglass, which plays the role of a kind of "skeleton" for the entire canvas, the main layer is thermoplastic (polyvinyl chloride) with the addition of plasticizers, pigments and fillers (chalk, talc, kaolin), which is applied to the drawing protected by a transparent film.

Polymer compositions for floor coverings should have such properties as: significant wear resistance, high strength characteristics, should be environmentally friendly materials. In addition, such specific properties are set for such coatings as: increased sound, hydro or electrical insulation, thermal or cold resistance, etc. [one].

In the last 15-20 years, in the industrial production of a particular material, there has been an urgent need to reduce the cost of the product without changing the technological parameters of the process. Similar trends are observed in the production of the flooring in question. One way to achieve this is to completely or partially replace expensive components, in particular fillers, with cheaper ones. The natural mineral wollastonite is considered as such a filler. According to a number of domestic and foreign sources of literature and patents. (see RU 2171820 C2, 08/10/2001 / 2 /, Petrov V.P. et al. Wollastonite, Nauka. 1982, 109 pp. / 3 /, Fillers for polymer composite materials. Reference manual edited by P. Babayevsky M., Chemistry, 679 p. / 4 /, Plastics, 2004, No. 1, p.31-32 / 5 /). Wollastonite is quite widely recommended for use in a number of polymer compounds: elastomers, thermoplastics, thermosetting compounds. Moreover, in all materials there is an increase in heat resistance, a decrease in dielectric readings and moisture absorption, and the level of physical and mechanical characteristics increases.

Of greatest interest are data on the use of wollastonite in plastics based on polyvinyl chloride (PVC) / 2-4 /. The introduction of wollastonite in the composition of PVC compositions can significantly reduce the consumption of polymer and plasticizer, reducing the cost of plastic and increase the heat resistance of the material, which reduces the amount of marriage during plastic processing due to reduced warpage and shrinkage.

Studies conducted by the authors of the proposed technical solution showed that the produced floor coverings according to the advanced technology have several disadvantages: the presence of permanent deformation during indentation (0.8-1.0 mm) is associated with a low degree of filling, less than 30%, a further increase in the degree of filling will lead to a deterioration in the technological properties of the processed material, and in particular to a significant increase in the viscosity of the technological paste.

The problem to which the invention is directed was to develop a new formulation of the polyvinyl chloride layer of the floor covering in relation to the existing technology for their production, without changing the technological parameters of the process in order to increase the degree of filling, improve the technological properties of the paste (lower viscosity), and increase the physicomechanical characteristics of the floor covering and reducing the cost of the finished product for raw materials.

To solve the problem, the natural mineral wollastonite was introduced into the basic composition of the PVC layer of the floor covering, with the complete replacement of chalk and titanium dioxide, followed by prescription testing.

In the proposed formulation of the main layer of the floor covering, the components are taken in the following respects (Table 1).

Table 1 Component Content, wt.% Component Assignment Polyvinyl Chloride (PVC) 32 Polymer base Modifier-A 32 Plasticizer Wollastonite 36 Filler

As a modifier in the composition, a type A modifier is used, which is a product of distillation of the volatile fractions of a high-boiling product in the production of isoprene (TU 2494-001-45907714-97), an EDOS plasticizer, which is a mixture of formals and ethers of 1,3-dioxane alcohols.

Replacing traditional fillers with wollastonite, due to the needle structure of the latter, led to a significant decrease in the viscosity of the technological paste from an average of 95.4 Pa · s to 55.3 Pa · s. The results of a comparative analysis of the viscosity of the technological paste based on the initial composition and composition with wollastonite are presented in table 2.

table 2
The viscosity of the technological paste based on the initial composition and composition with wollastonite Name of components and characteristics The content of components,% one 2 3 four 5 6 7 8 9 Wollastnit (mixed) - thirty 32 34 36 34 36 36 PVC, item E-6256-2C 34 34 34 34 34 32 thirty 32 Modifier A 36 36 34 32 thirty 34 34 32 a piece of chalk thirty - - - - - - - η, Pa s 95.4 28.7 45.1 55.3 90.0 52.0 43.0 63.1

From the data of Table 2 it follows that the replacement of chalk with wollastonite leads, as already noted, to a significant decrease in the viscosity of the technological paste. Moreover, the degree of influence of wollastonite depends on the size of its particles: the minimum viscosity is realized when using wollastonite with particle sizes of 63-160 microns.

The implementation of this effect made it possible to increase the filling of the main layer of the floor covering by 4-6%, without reducing its manufacturability, and to increase the level of physical and mechanical characteristics by 2 or more times in strength and more than 3.5 times in deformation, depending from the fractional composition of wollastonite. This, in turn, made it possible to increase the strength characteristics of the flooring by 1.5 times, on average, for all characteristics.

Comparative studies of the physicomechanical characteristics of the polyvinyl chloride layer of the floor covering and the floor covering as a whole (Table 3) showed that the physicomechanical characteristics of the compositions based on wollastonite significantly exceed the physicomechanical characteristics of the compositions based on the basic formulation.

Table 3
Physico-mechanical characteristics of the main PVC layer and the floor covering as a whole Based on base composition Based on the formulation with wollastonite PVC flooring layer σ _East , kgf / cm ² ε _c ,% E _10% , kgf / cm ² σ _East , kgf / cm ² ε _c ,% E _10% , kgf / cm ² 14.8 55.7 26.5 51.7 175.9 30.8 - - - 63.8 154.2 41,4 - - - 76.0 178.2 42.6 Transverse flooring 150.7 69 232.9 162.1 77.0 280.3 Longitudinal flooring 172.1 135.7 124.2 194.0 148.7 130.5 where σ _ist. , kgf / cm ² - true tensile stress;
ε _s ,% - ultimate tensile strain;
E ₁₀ %, kgf / cm ² - modulus of elasticity at 10% tension.

The run-up of the physicomechanical characteristics of the main flooring layer based on wollastonite is due to the use of wollastonite of various batches and fractional composition. Under industrial conditions, reproducibility of physical and mechanical characteristics can be achieved by changing the fractional composition of wollastonite.

Among other things, the proposed technical solution will significantly reduce energy costs for processing technological paste due to a significant reduction in the viscosity of the latter.

The proposed technical solution is carried out in the following order.

Example 1

A single amount of manufactured technological paste in laboratory conditions was 50 g. A plasticizer hinge was taken in a porcelain mortar - modifier A 36% by weight, according to the recipe, 34% PVC hinge was added to it in 2 doses, and carefully using a porcelain pestle mixed after each download. Then 30% wollastonite filler was added and mixed again until a homogeneous mass was obtained. After mixing the paste, its viscosity was determined on a Reotest-2 rotational viscometer at a shear stress of 1.0 s ^-1 . After that, the paste was evacuated in a desiccator for 1.5-2 hours at a pressure of 1 mm Hg. until when the set of vacuum mass did not cease to increase in volume. The evacuated mass was poured into metal molds pretreated with release paste, and vacuumized in molds until the air inclusions were completely removed, and then gelled. Gelling was carried out in an oven at a temperature of 160 ° C for 4 minutes. After cooling, the samples were removed from the molds and cut out of them, using a special trench knife, standard samples in the form of double-sided blades for determining the physicomechanical characteristics on a tensile testing machine Р-05 in accordance with GOST 7855-74. According to tensile diagrams and indications of the scale of the tensile testing machine, physical and mechanical characteristics were calculated.

The production of flooring under industrial conditions was carried out according to the industrial technology on the Contact-2 industrial production line in accordance with the proposed recipe.

The produced flooring can be used in residential premises, small offices, hotel rooms, hospital wards and other premises of this kind.

Example 2

Differs from example 1 in that the technological paste contains 34% modifier A; 34% PVC and 32% wollastonite.

Example 3

It differs from example 1 in that the technological paste contains 32% of modifier A; 34% PVC and 34% wollastonite.

Example 4

It differs from example 1 in that the technological paste contains 30% modifier A; 34% PVC and 36% wollastonite.

Example 5

Differs from example 1 in that the technological paste contains 34% modifier A; 32% PVC and 34% wollastonite.

Example 6

Differs from example 1 in that the technological paste contains 34% modifier A; 30% PVC and 36% wollastonite.

Example 7

It differs from example 1 in that the technological paste contains 32% of modifier A; 32% PVC and 36% wollastonite.

Claims (1)

The composition of the polyvinyl chloride layer of the floor covering, containing polyvinyl chloride, a plasticizer, a filler, characterized in that it contains a natural mineral wollastonite in the following ratio of components, wt.%: Polyvinyl chloride 30-34 Plasticizer 30-36 Wollastonite 30-36