RU2295401C1 - Technological universal lid - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: locking apparatuses, namely technological lids designed for fixing position of washing-out apparatus inside mouth of railroad tank cars.

SUBSTANCE: lid includes body with flange in which opening is formed for mounting descent provided with means for supplying washing solution to washing head; unit in the form of vertical labyrinth for releasing excess pressure in tank car; suspension device for transporting lid. Casing is secured to lower part of lid body; said casing is made of elastic resilient material and inside it inner rubber tube with nipple extended outside lid is placed. Said descent is in the form of tube-in-tube structure, upper part of outer tube is provided with device for supplying air to inter-tube space. Unit for releasing excess pressure is made with possibility of arranging wrench in it for opening lower valve of tank car and it is provided with attachment for fixing hose. Washing head for feeding washing solution is mounted on inner tube of descent by means of special hinged adapters providing change of washing head position. Means for supplying washing solution and air to inter-tube space are in the form of hydraulic rotating contact unit.

EFFECT: simplified design of lid, easy operation, universal usage, reliable fluid-tightness of tank car mouth.

4 cl, 5 dwg

Description

The invention relates to locking devices, in particular to technological covers, designed to fix the position of the washing device inside the neck of railway tanks. It can be used on pressurized tanks, tank cars and other tanks, the inner surface of which must be washed from various kinds of contaminants.

In accordance with the requirements for railway and tankers intended for the transport of liquid products, such as petroleum products, their internal surface after discharge is cleaned of contaminants by washing and / or steaming.

In the process of cleaning it is necessary to use various equipment and ensure the safety of staff, and the time of washing and drying the surface of the tanks should be minimized, without compromising the quality of washing.

Depending on the objectives pursued, the tank’s own lid is replaced by a technological one, while sealing it with the neck of the tank must be ensured.

A well-known cap, which contains a housing in the form of a cap 1, inside of which a piston 2 is installed, in the flange of which is placed an annular sealing gasket 3, is provided with a seal 4 at the end. The piston is spring-loaded with a spring 5, which creates a preliminary preload at the sealing place. A handle 6, a safety valve 7 and a thrust ring 8 are installed in the housing of the cover. The piston has a through hole 9 at its end.

Safety valves 7 are installed in each piston from the inside. Plugs 12 and 13 can be installed with safety valves at the corresponding pressure. Moreover, safety valves, if necessary, have a fixed state in the "Open" position. The lid is installed on the container, the diameter at the place of sealing of which does not exceed the diameter of the seal 4. Pressing the cover from above, give a preliminary sealing force and fasten it to the container with locking elements 15.

If the diameter at the place of sealing is less than the diameter of the piston 10, the plug 12 is removed, and the plug 13 is removed from the piston 11, i.e. thereby reducing the force at the point of sealing. When the pressure increases, at which the force must be reduced, the valve opens on the plug 12, and later on the plug 13, provided that the diameter of the container at the place of sealing is less than the diameter of the seal 16 of the piston 10, but larger than the diameter of the piston 11, and the valve should be activated only plugs 12, and in plug 13 should not, because otherwise the vessel is depressurized.

Screw clamps 15 provide installation of the cover on a container with any diameter not greater than the outer diameter of the seal 4, but also not less than its inner diameter. These clips can also be made on the lid (RF Patent No. 2044943).

This device has a complex structure, and the sealing is ensured by adjusting the springs, which are subject to aging, therefore, do not allow to achieve reliable sealing.

All efforts to press the cap to the vessel are carried out by a piston located in the cap, i.e. only from above, therefore there is a danger with high pressure inside the vessel and a malfunction of the relief valve of the lid and a complete depressurization of the tank.

Known covers for railroad or tankers contain a sealing ring gasket of the neck of the hatch, level limiters, a fire fuse made in various ways, either by means of an aluminum ring placed in the peripheral channel of the flange of the cover, or by making the cover of colored material. The cover contains devices for installing a top discharge device (UVS) and a pressure relief device. The lid itself is attached to the neck flange using a bolt connection, and a sealing ring is placed between the lid and neck flanges (Wagons. Textbook for universities of railway transport. Ed. By L.A. Shadurov, M. "Transport", 1980, ed. 3rd rev. And additional).

When washing the inside of the tanks, environmentally friendly closed technologies are applied using technical detergents. In this regard, the design of technological covers for tanks, tanks, etc., is also changing. Some designs of technological covers are given in the brochure "Washing the boilers of railway tanks, passenger cars, locomotives and the running gear of rolling stock", "Clean Technologies", St. Petersburg, 2002, p.20.

When cleaning the inside of the tank, steam is introduced into the hole of the cover for the UVS. However, this method of cleaning the inner surface of tanks is currently not environmentally friendly, therefore it is technologically outdated.

In addition to the previously known elements, the lid is equipped with a device for supplying detergent solution and lowering, with washing heads mounted on it. In the invention, “A method of preparing gas tanks for repair and / or technical examination and a device for its implementation” (RF Patent No. 2205709), the neck of the tank is made of non-ferrous material and is equipped, with the addition of elements already known, also with a bubbler.

Closest to the claimed technical solution for the purpose and essential features is a technical solution protected by RF patent No. 44974 for utility model.

The technological tank cap of the railroad tank contains a housing with a flange in which a plugged hole for installing the top loading device is made, an opening for installing the lowering, equipped with a washing head and a device for supplying a washing solution, an overpressure relief device made in the form of a vertical labyrinth, with two coupling mechanisms located diagonally symmetrically to the axis of the flange, a casing made of an elastic elastic material is attached to the lower part of the housing, inside which placed the rubber room, equipped with a nipple, derived on the surface of the lid.

Despite the simplicity of sealing the lid, during its operation, for various reasons, the rubber chamber fails and has to be replaced, but due to the fastening of the lid to the neck of the tank with special stoppers, this operation requires a lot of time.

The process cap has limited use, as not all operations for preparing tanks for filling can be implemented, in particular drying it after washing the inner surface. There is no possibility of changing the position of the washing head when washing the inner surface of the tank.

With a decrease in pressure, gas or washing solution may be exhausted into the area where the personnel are located.

The technical problem solved by the proposed invention is the creation of a universal design of the neck of the tank, providing ease of use, reliable sealing and widespread use when washing or treating the inner surface of both railway tanks, and tankers and other pressure vessels.

The technical result is achieved due to the fact that in the known design of the technological cover for washing the inner surface of the tank, containing the lid body with a flange, in which a hole is made for installing a lowering equipped with a device for supplying the washing solution to the washing head, a device for relieving excess pressure in the tank made in the form of a vertical labyrinth, a suspension device for transporting the cover, and a casing made of an elastic elastic material is attached to the lower part of the body la, located inside which chamber a rubber nipple outputted outside cover changes and additional elements, namely:

- the lowering is made in the form of a pipe-in-pipe construction, the upper part of the outer pipe having a device for supplying air into the annulus;

- air dividers are installed in the lower part of the annular space;

- in the lower part of the outer pipe, located below the lid body, at different heights, holes are made for regulating the air flow, closed with plugs;

- a device for relieving excess pressure is configured to place a key in it to open the bottom valve of the tank and is equipped with a device for attaching a hose;

- the washing head is installed on the inner pipe of the lowering, for supplying the washing solution, by means of special hinged nozzles, providing a change in the position of the washing head;

- devices for supplying a washing solution and air into the annulus are made in the form of a hydraulic rotating contact node;

- the suspension device is configured to change its position.

The proposed design of the lowering significantly expands the application of the cover, because by supplying air to the external lowering pipe, it is possible to provide ventilation of the inner surface of the tank before washing and to carry out the drying process after the end of washing the inner surface.

The ability to remove contaminated washing solution through the bottom valve of the tank is more preferable than the use of an overflow device (UVS), because does not require a special pump for pumping out contaminated washing solution, thereby facilitating the operation of equipment and expanding the functionality of the cover due to its more rational use for placement of additional equipment.

Placing the dividers in the lower part of the annular space allows you to create a directed air flow (steam, etc.) through the pipes in the lower part of the lowering, and the holes equipped with plugs allow you to adjust the air flow along the height of the tank.

The installation of the washing head by means of special hinged nozzles mounted on the lower pipe of the inner pipe allows you to expand the range of sizes of washing heads, depending on the size of the tank boiler, the product being washed and the washing conditions.

The ability to change the position of the suspension allows you to center the lid by weight before installing it in the neck of the tank.

The use of hydraulic rotating contact nodes as devices for supplying a washing solution, air and at the outlet of a vertical labyrinth allows you to quickly connect them with the corresponding hoses and quickly fix the lid regardless of the position of the tank.

The design of the technological universal cover is presented in figures 1-5.

Figure 1 shows a General view of the universal cover, and figure 2 shows the projection of the cover with individual assembly parts. Figure 3 shows the placement of the nipple of the rubber chamber, and figure 4-5 - the corresponding section of the lower part of the lowering.

Figures 1 and 2 show the lid body 1 with a flange 2, in one of the openings of which there is a plug 3, a device 4 for supplying a washing solution, a sleeve with a flange 5 for attaching the lowering 6 to the lid, a vertical labyrinth 7, an elastic casing 8, attached tape 9 using rivets to the body of the cover 1, the rubber chamber 10 with the nipple 11 (Fig.3), the outer pipe 12 lowering, the inner pipe 13 lowering, a device 14 for supplying air, pipes for air exhaust 15, tubular nozzles 16, attachment device exhaust hose 17, adapt Line 18 for mounting the suspension 19, the washing head 20.

Figure 2 also shows the rotating contact nodes for supplying air 24, exhaust exhaust 26, the plug 25 and the mounting 23 of the nozzle 16.

In Fig.3, in addition to the nipple 11, the nipple rubber 21 for supplying air to the rubber chamber and the annular gasket 22, which is located between the chamber 10 and the flange 2 of the cover body 1, are shown.

Figure 4 shows the relative location of the outlet pipes 15 of the outer pipe and the attachment 23 of the nozzle 16 to the inner pipe, as well as the washing head 20. Figure 5 shows the air divider 27, which is a screen directing the air flow into the pipes 15.

The device operates as follows. Before installing the cover on the neck of the tank, a flange with all its assemblies is attached to the flange 2 of the cover by means of the sleeve 5. Then, using a lifting mechanism equipped with a pneumatic actuator (not shown), the lid is moved to the neck of the tank by means of a suspension 19 previously fixed to the bar 18. To achieve a strictly vertical position, it is possible to adjust the position of the suspension 19.

The lid is installed in the opening of the neck of the railway tank so that the mounting holes in both flanges (lids and necks) coincide.

A hose from the compressor is connected to the nipple 11 and the rubber chamber 10 is inflated. Under air pressure, the elastic casing 8 will block the space between the housing 1 and the neck, providing good sealing of the tank. Due to the pressing of the flange 2 of the housing of the cover 1 and the annular seal (gasket) 22, sealing of the upper part of the neck is achieved.

Corresponding hoses are attached to the device 4 for supplying the washing solution and the device 14 for supplying air into the annulus provided with a rotating contact assembly 24. From the outlet pipe 17 of the exhaust device (vertical labyrinth 7), remove the plug 25 and install the device 26 for attaching the hose to remove possible emissions of contaminated washing solution or air.

The tank is ready for washing from oil product residues or other hydrocarbon contaminants.

If necessary, ventilate the internal volume of the tank, for which purpose air is supplied to the outer pipe 12 for a certain time.

Then, the washing solution of the OBIS or OBISM brand is fed into the inner pipe 13 and the washing process begins.

Washing of the inner surface of the tank is carried out at a jet pressure of 1.0-1.5 MPa at a temperature of the washing solution of 40-55 ° C, while overpressure occurs inside the tank, under the influence of which the washing solution enters the labyrinth 7 through the hole in the lid, which is a vertical capacity divided by height by horizontal partitions located towards each other. As a result, the jet energy is extinguished, and the losses of the washing solution are significantly reduced and removed from the area where the attendants are located.

Due to the attachment of the washing head 20 by means of special hinged tubular nozzles 16, the washing head 20 under the action of the jets changes its position and, thereby, the quality of washing the inside of the tank is ensured. If necessary, such a mounting of the washing head makes it easy to replace one washing head with another, depending on the conditions and quality of washing the surface.

As a rule, the contaminated washing solution is drained from the tank boiler through the bottom valve of the tank. The valve is opened using a special key through the holes of the vertical labyrinth 7. It is possible that if it malfunctions, it will be necessary to remove the washing solution through the upper hole in the lid. In this case, plug 3 is removed, and a top drain device is installed in its place.

After washing the inner surface of the boiler tank and draining the contaminated washing solution, the inner surface of the tank is dried.

Drying is as follows.

Through the supply device 14, hot air with a temperature of at least 70 ° C is introduced into the annular space formed by the inner 13 and outer 12 lowering pipes. Part of the air through the holes made in the outer pipe 12 (the plugs are removed from them before installing the lid in the neck of the tank), and the bulk of the dividers 27 is directed inside the tank through the nozzles 15. In the case of exhaust, hot air through the labyrinth and the hose is removed from the area where the service can be located staff.

After the drying process and acceptance of the tank, the process lid is removed in the reverse order, and the tank is sent for filling.

The advantages of the proposed technical solution include simplicity of design, ease of use, versatility of use and reliable sealing of the neck of the tank.

Almost the same cover designs can be used for the neck of tankers or other pressure vessels.

Currently, several universal technological neck caps of railway tanks have been manufactured, which are in pilot operation.

Claims (4)

1. The technological cover universal for washing the inner surface of the tank, containing a housing with a flange in which an opening is made for installing a lowering fixed on it and equipped with a device for supplying a washing solution to the washing head, an exhaust device made in the form of a vertical labyrinth and a suspension device, attached to the lower part of the casing is a casing made of elastic elastic material, inside of which there is a rubber chamber with a nipple removed from the cover, characterized in that the lowering made in the form of a pipe-in-pipe construction, the upper part of the outer pipe being equipped with a device for supplying air to the annulus, in the lower part of which air dividers and outlet pipes are installed, the exhaust device is arranged to accommodate a key for opening the bottom valve of the tank and is equipped with a device for attaching the hose, and the washing head is attached to the inner pipe lowering by means of special nozzles with the possibility of free change of its position. 2. The cover according to claim 1, characterized in that the suspension device is placed in the grooves with the possibility of changing its mounting location. 3. A cover according to any one of claims 1 and 2, characterized in that the devices for supplying the cleaning solution and air are made in the form of a hydraulic rotating contact node. 4. The cover according to claim 1, characterized in that in the outer pipe lowering below the body of the cover is made holes for air outlet, equipped with plugs.

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