RU2295256C1 - Method for obtaining dry molasses concentrate for farm animals and dry molasses concentrate for farm animals - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agriculture, fodder production.

SUBSTANCE: the suggested method for obtaining dry molasses concentrate for farm animals deals with mixing molasses and adsorbent as the mixture of the basic and acidic calcium compounds followed by drying the mixture and its reducing. The mixture should be additionally supplemented with magnesium oxide and potassium bicarbonate, moreover, the components mentioned should be introduced simultaneously at mixing as dry powders at a certain ratio. Dry molasses concentrate for farm animals obtain due to this method enables to compensate the deficiency of mineral components necessary for animals and being absent in initial molasses and, also, increase capacity for keeping the product's quality at prolonged storage period,.

EFFECT: higher efficiency.

6 cl, 6 ex, 2 tbl

Description

The invention relates to the field of obtaining feed additives for farm animals.

In modern fodder production, to ensure the necessary amount of carbohydrates in animal diets, beet molasses is used, as a rule. The greatest difficulties in its use are due to the fact that molasses is a viscous, difficult-flowing liquid that solidifies at a temperature of + 16 ° C, and heating to a temperature of 50-60 ° C is necessary for its pumping through pipes [1]. In addition, molasses has a limited shelf life (up to 9 months), which also complicates its use in the production of feed additives, especially for regions remote from molasses production sites.

The most common way to obtain molasses in dry form is to use adsorbents of both mineral and organic composition, as well as mixtures thereof to absorb excess moisture.

There is a method of producing a feed concentrate by mixing molasses with an organic adsorbent - grass meal from green mass of plants or flour from sunflower husk and a mineral adsorbent - monocalcium phosphate [2]. The dried product is ground in a grinder or mill and packaged in bags.

There is also known a method for producing dry molasses concentrate, which consists in mixing molasses with soybean meal (organic adsorbent) and limestone flour (mineral adsorbent), drying the mixture in a drum dryer at a temperature of 120-130 ° C for 2-3 hours, cooling, grinding and packing in plastic bags [3].

The use of these adsorbents has a number of significant drawbacks, namely the impossibility of obtaining a feed product highly concentrated in molasses (sugars), since when the molasses content is more than 50-55%, the powder is easily crumpled, sticks together and coalesces; sugars are in unprotected form from the effects of bacteria and other microorganisms; the presence of food filler with a limited shelf life (up to 6 months) makes molasses concentrate a perishable product. In addition, due to the need to dry the product after mixing, the energy consumption and the duration of the technological cycle increase.

The elimination of these disadvantages is achieved by converting sucrose into its calcium salts during processing of the initial molasses with calcium oxide followed by slow solidification of the mixture, leading to the formation of the corresponding salts [4]. With this method, conditions are created for the predominant formation of tricalcium salts of sucrose, which makes the product poorly soluble and, in addition, having excessive alkalinity, which is eliminated by treating such a product with acetic acid. This significantly reduces the manufacturability of the process, and also adds significant amounts of acetate ions, which are ballast in the feed product, to the final product.

For better digestibility of the concentrate by animals, it is necessary to prevent the formation of tricalcium (poorly soluble) salts of sucrose, which is ensured by some excess acidity of the medium. The use of only one acid salt leads to a product with a high acidity that does not meet the requirements for feed additives.

Closest to the proposed method is a method of obtaining a dry feed concentrate, including mixing liquid molasses with an adsorbent - an aqueous suspension of calcium hydroxide, which is the main calcium compound, drying the mixture by spraying at 60-70 ° C, neutralizing with monocalcium phosphate (calcium acid compound) or phosphoric acid and grinding of the finished product [5].

The disadvantage of this method is the two-stage process, involving the separate introduction of calcium hydroxide (calcium compounds of the main nature) and monocalcium phosphate (calcium compounds of an acidic nature). In this case, conditions are created for the formation of a poorly soluble tricalcium salt of sucrose in the first stage. The introduction of monocalcium phosphate in the second stage does not lead to the formation of soluble sucrose salts, since it is difficult for these reactions to proceed in the solid phase. In addition, the method requires special equipment for drying the product, which leads to significant costs in its preparation. The increased energy consumption for drying the product is also due to the use of a suspension of lime, which introduces additional moisture into the process.

The objective of the invention is to develop a less energy-intensive method for producing dry molasses concentrate of a new composition with improved properties, namely containing only useful components with a high sucrose content in the form of well-soluble one- and two-calcium easily digestible salts.

This object is achieved in that in a method for producing dry molasses concentrate for farm animals, comprising mixing molasses with an adsorbent in the form of basic and acidic calcium compounds and drying the mixture followed by grinding it, according to the invention, magnesium oxide and potassium bicarbonate are additionally introduced into the mixture, while all of these components are administered simultaneously in the form of dry powders in the following ratio, wt.%:

Molasses 50.0-80.0 Basic Calcium Compounds 4.4-14.1 Acidic calcium compounds 5.7-36.8 Magnesium oxide 0.83-8.33 Potassium bicarbonate 0.25-5.1

In the invention, calcium oxide and / or calcium hydroxide and / or calcium carbonate are used as basic calcium compounds, and monocalcium phosphate or dicalcium phosphate are used as acidic calcium compounds. The concentrate is dried under natural conditions in a free-lying layer of material on a perforated plane, for example, a metal mesh. The dried concentrate is crushed to a particle size of not more than 1.6 mm, which meets the particle size requirements for fodder powdered products.

The calcium content in the final product is determined by the conditions for the formation of its soluble compounds with sucrose, which occurs when it is deficient in relation to the stoichiometric amount, as well as with some excess acidity of the medium. These conditions, taking into account the composition of standard molasses in terms of sucrose content, lead to the indicated range of possible calcium contents, as well as an excess of calcium acid phosphate of not more than 1.0%. The latter circumstance is due to requirements on the acid-base characteristics of feed products for which the pH value of the aqueous extract should not be less than 6. This is realized with the above limitation on the amount of excess acid salt. The lower level of total calcium is due to the fact that, at lower values, the drying of the product becomes very long, and after drying the product continues to retain sugar stickiness, leading to caking and clumping of the product. Only at the indicated total calcium contents can a dry product be obtained without such drawbacks. The upper level of total calcium should ensure the complete binding of sucrose to soluble compounds - one- and two-calcium calcium sugars, as well as the sorption of molasses substances that do not contain oligosaccharides - nitrogenous extractives, part of nitrogen-free extractives, impurities, water with the formation of dry, non-sticky and non-sticky clumping product. A further increase in the content of calcium phosphates is impractical due to a decrease in the molasses content in the final product.

To enhance the water-withdrawing effect of calcium compounds in the developed invention, the introduction of an additive of magnesium oxide in dry form is proposed. The magnitude of the magnesium oxide additive is 0.83-8.33 wt.%. This is due to the achievement of the necessary technological effect on the binding of water, on the one hand, as well as the magnitude of the allowed magnesium content in feed additives, on the other hand. In other words, the specified range of magnesium content provides quick drying of the product upon receipt of a feed additive with magnesium content, which allows not to enter it in the preparation of full feed using the developed concentrate. Chemically, the introduction of magnesium in the presence of calcium phosphates and potassium compounds leads to the formation of double salts of the MgKPO ₄ · 6H ₂ O, MgCO ₃ · KHCO ₃ · 4H ₂ O type, as well as acid orthophosphates of the MgHPO ₄ · 3H ₂ O type MgHPO ₄ · 7H ₂ O. These crystalline hydrates have a larger amount of crystalline hydrate in comparison with single calcium or magnesium only orthophosphates, which leads to an increase in the water-taking effect of the developed composition of the feed additive.

Also, for a more rapid drying of the concentrate, the developed invention proposes the introduction of a baking powder, which is used as bilestone. The introduction of this reagent into the crude concentrate leads to a sharp increase in the evaporation surface due to an increase in the mixture in volume, which in quantitative terms corresponds to a decrease in the density of the mixture from 1.7-2.0 g / cm ³ to 0.5-0.7 g / cm ³ . The addition of potassium bicarbonate in an amount of 0.25-5.1 wt.% Is quite sufficient to obtain the maximum effect of "swelling" of the mixture, and a further increase in its content practically does not change the density of the crude concentrate. In addition, the upper value of the content of potassium bicarbonate is sufficient to ensure its content in full feed. To ensure the loosening action of potassium bicarbonate, it is introduced into the mixture according to the developed formulation with a small excess of acid salt (monocalcium phosphate or dicalcium phosphate). In this case, the evolution of carbon dioxide occurs at ordinary temperature without additional heating. Sodium bicarbonate, which has a similar effect, is not offered as a baking powder, since the regulation of its introduction into feed additives depends on both the type of animals and their age. Considering that sodium is usually present in molasses and other feed products, the regulation of its input into feed additives should be carried out directly in the preparation of feeding diets for specific animals.

The method of obtaining dry molasses concentrate is illustrated by examples.

Example 1

Molasses of the following composition is poured into a volume of 10 l with a stirring device in an amount of 5 kg (80.0 wt.%) Molasses of the following composition: solids content - 75.0 wt.%; sugar content - 45.0 wt.%; pH 7.4. With constant stirring, a basic calcium mineral supplement was added - calcium carbonate in an amount of 0.275 kg (4.4 wt.%); an acidic additive — monocalcium phosphate in an amount of 0.356 kg (5.7 wt.%), and magnesium oxide in an amount of 0.52 kg (8.33 wt.%) and potassium bicarbonate in an amount of 0.098 kg (1.57 wt. %). The mixture was stirred for 30-40 minutes at a stirrer speed of 400 rpm. The resulting homogeneous mixture was distributed in an even layer 5 cm thick on a metal perforated tray and dried for 22 hours in air to a residual moisture content of 12%. After drying, the dry molasses from the pallet was transferred to a ball mill, in which it was crushed and sieved through a sieve with a hole size of 1.6 mm. A light brown powder with a faint tinge of molasses odor was obtained.

Table 1 shows examples 2-6 of obtaining dry molasses concentrate for farm animals according to the invention.

Examples 2-6 were carried out analogously to example 1 except that as calcium compounds of basic and acidic nature used various calcium compounds in accordance with the claims.

The samples of dry molasses concentrate obtained in examples 1-6 were dried to constant weight, followed by analysis of the contents of the target components by analysis methods existing for feed additives. The results of the analysis of the composition of the obtained products are shown in table 2 for examples 1-6, respectively.

Table 1 No. p / p The amount of molasses, kg (% wt.) Compounds of the main nature, kg (wt.%) Compounds of acidic nature, kg (wt.%) Drying time, hour CaCO ₃ Cao Ca (OH) ₂ MgO Ca (H ₂ PO ₄ ) ₂ CaHPO ₄ KHCO ₃ 2 4,5 - 0.28 - 0.27 1,0 - 0.33 6.5 (70.0) (4.4) (4.3) (16.2) (5.1) 3 3.8 - - 0.63 0.33 1.4 - 0.16 8.3 (60.0) (10.0) (5.0) (22.4) (2.6) four 3.2 0.9 - - 0.05 - 2.16 0,082 14.0 (50.0) (14.1) (0.83) (33.79) (1.28) 5 3.2 - 0.77 - 0.05 - 2,32 0.17 4,5 (50.0) (12.11) (0.83) (36.8) (0.26) 6 3.8 - - 0.78 0.32 - 1.41 0.16 8.0 (60.0) (12.4) (5.0) (22.35) (0.25)

In the proposed invention, based on the use of chemistry of the interaction of the reactants, provides:

- the formation of only soluble calcium compounds in the form of mono- and dicalcium salts of sucrose, as well as an excess of calcium acid phosphate;

- increased water-taking action of calcium compounds by the introduction of magnesium oxide;

- increasing the evaporation surface of the crude concentrate due to the introduction of a baking powder - potassium bicarbonate;

- the use of the components of the mixture in the form of dry powders reduces the initial moisture content of the mixture, simplifies the instrumentation of the process and accelerates the drying of the concentrate, allowing to reduce the specific energy consumption.

At the same time, magnesium and potassium, introduced to improve the technological process, are useful elements in the composition of the feed additive, and in such quantities that make it possible not to introduce these elements when drawing up animal feeding diets.

Thus, the proposed method allows to obtain the most simple methods of dry feed concentrate in a stabilized salt form, convenient for target use and incorporating additional magnesium and potassium.

Known dry molasses concentrate containing soybean meal and limestone flour [3]. The chemical composition of the concentrate is as follows: crude protein - 29.18%, crude fiber - 7.9%, sugar - 29-32%, crude ash - 17.4%, calcium - 2.41%, crude fat - 1.16% nitrogen-free extractive substances (BEV) - 38.84%.

The resulting concentrate easily crumbles and coalesces, which necessitates its storage in a small container (for example, in plastic bags), and the presence of food filler limits the shelf life of the concentrate. In addition, the use of a component of plant origin is limited to its seasonal production.

The closest in technical essence to the developed dry molasses concentrate for farm animals is molasses based concentrate, including oligosaccharides, mainly in the form of sucrose, nitrogenous and nitrogen-free extractive substances, as well as mineral impurities and water [5].

The disadvantages of the well-known molasses concentrate are that the oligosaccharides of its carbohydrate part are represented mainly by sucrose, which is not bound to easily digestible one- and two-calcium salts, as well as an excessive content of insoluble tricalcium sugar, which is a ballast component for feed rations.

In addition, its final physicochemical properties make it difficult to maintain the optimal ratio in animal feed between calcium and phosphorus.

Known concentrate is not subject to long-term storage.

The objective of the invention is to give the dry concentrate new consumer properties, namely high adaptability for further use in the production of feed mixtures using standard and generally accepted techniques, filling the deficiency of mineral components necessary for animals that are absent in the original molasses, as well as increased ability to maintain product quality during long-term storage.

The problem is achieved in that the dry molasses concentrate for farm animals obtained in the manner described above is characterized by the content of components in the following ratio, wt.%:

Oligosaccharides in the form of residual free sucrose and / or mono- and dicalcium salts 21.0-34.0 sucrose (in terms of total sugar) Calcium compounds (in terms of PO ₄ ^-3 ), wt.% 5.5-23.3 Nitrogen-free extractive substances (BEV) 16.5-26.0 Nitrous Extractive Substances (AEV) 0.5-5.0 Phosphates (in terms of PO ₄ ^-3 ) wt.% 9.0-32.3 Magnesium compounds (in terms of Mg ⁺⁺ ) 0.5-5.0 Potassium compounds (in terms of K ⁺ ) 0.1-2.0 Calcium Acid Free 0.1-1.0 Mineral impurities 0.01-0.5 Water rest

Additionally contained compounds of magnesium and potassium are: for magnesium - double salts with calcium and / or potassium and phosphates, for potassium - double salts with calcium and / or magnesium and phosphates, calcium compounds are salts in the form of phosphates, sugars and double compounds with potassium and magnesium.

Mineral impurities in the finished product are sulfates and sodium carbonates contained in the original molasses.

The results of the determination of the content of the target components in dry molasses concentrate are shown in table 2

table 2 Name of ingredients in the finished concentrate Sample Number (Example) one 2 3 four 5 6 Bev, wt.%,
Oligosaccharides (in terms of total sugar) 26.0 22.5 19.1 16.5 16.56 19.1 34.0 30,0 25,2 21.0 21.0 25,2 AEV, wt.% 5,0 3,5 0.5 3,5 3,5 0.5 Calcium compounds (in terms of PO ₄ ^-3 ), wt.% 5.50 7.74 13.52 21.49 23.30 19.88 Phosphates (in terms of PO ₄ ^-3 ), wt.%, 9.0 16,0 25.8 32,3 29.8 24.2 Free acidic calcium phosphate, wt.% 1,0 0.9 0.8 0.2 0.2 0.1

Table 2 (continued) Compounds of magnesium (in terms of Mg ⁺² ), wt.% 5,0 5,0 3.0 0.5 0.5 3.0 Potassium compounds (in terms of K ⁺ ), wt.% 2.0 2.0 1,0 0.5 0.1 1,0 Mineral impurities, wt.% 0.50 0.36 0.28 0.01 0.24 0.32 Water, wt.% 12.0 12.0 10.8 4.0 4.8 6.7 Total, wt.% one hundred one hundred one hundred one hundred one hundred one hundred PH water extract 6.0 6.1 6.2 6.7 6.8 6.9

In addition to the characteristics indicated in the table, a concentrate in the form of a powder with a particle size of not more than 1.6 mm has the following physical properties:

- bulk mass - 0.75-0.95 g / cm ³ - angle of repose - 30-38 °

In the proposed composition of the feed concentrate, the optimum ratio between calcium and phosphorus is maintained, calcium is bound in easily digestible soluble one- and two-calcium salts of sucrose.

Magnesium and potassium make up for the deficiency of these feed additives.

The resulting product can be stored for a long time without changing the quality, since the calcium salts of sucrose are chemically inert.

The concentrate with the specified limits of the content of the components meets the requirements of technical conditions and recommendations for feed additives.

Information sources

1. Sokolov A.Ya. Feed mill. M., "Colossus", 1970, p.13.

2. SU 1598952 A1, 03/21/1988, Cl. A 23 K 1/02.

3. SU 1790897 A1, 05/03/1990, Cl. A 23 K 1/02.

4. SU 897209, 12.19.1974, Cl. A 23 K 1/02.

5. US 3698911, 10.17.1972, Cl. 426-658.

Claims (6)

1. A method of obtaining a dry molasses concentrate for farm animals, comprising mixing molasses with an adsorbent in the form of a mixture of basic and acidic calcium compounds, drying the mixture and grinding it, characterized in that magnesium oxide and potassium bicarbonate are additionally introduced into the mixture, while these components are introduced while stirring in the form of dry powders in the following ratio, wt.%: Molasses 50.0-80.0 Basic Calcium Compound 4.4-14.1 The acidic calcium compound 5.7-36.8 Magnesium oxide 0.83-8.33 Potassium bicarbonate 0.25-5.1 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that as the basic compound of calcium, calcium oxide and / or calcium hydroxide and / or calcium carbonate are used. 3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that monocalcium phosphate or dicalcium phosphate is used as a calcium compound of an acidic nature. 4. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the concentrate is dried under natural conditions in a free-lying layer of material on a perforated plane. 5. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the grinding of the dried concentrate is carried out to a particle size of not more than 1.6 mm 6. Dry molasses concentrate for farm animals, obtained by the method according to claim 1, characterized by the content of components in the following ratio, wt.%: Oligosaccharides in the form of residual free sucrose and / or mono- and dicalcium salts sucrose (in terms of total sugar) 21.0-34.0 Calcium compounds (in terms of PO ₄ ^-3 ), wt.% 5.5-23.3 Nitrogen-free extractive substances (BEV) 16.5-26.0 Nitrous Extractive Substances (AEV) 0.5-5.0 Phosphates (in terms of PO ₄ ^-3 ) wt.% 9.0-32.3 Magnesium compounds (in terms of Mg ⁺⁺ ) 0.5-5.0 Potassium compounds (in terms of K ⁺ ) 0.1-2.0 Calcium Acid Free 0.1-1.0 Mineral impurities 0.01-0.5 Water Rest