RU2295142C1 - Method for operative research of atmosphere, earth surface and ocean - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: meteorology and monitoring of environment, possible use during research and control over parameters of atmosphere, earth surface and ocean in any point of earth globe.

SUBSTANCE: diagnostic module is transported to research area. Several sets of lowered capsules equipped with radio probes are separated from it. Capsules are delivered to researched area. Parameters of atmosphere, earth surface and ocean are measured by means of radio probes. Produced information is processed and transferred to receiving stations.

EFFECT: increased trustworthiness of research.

5 dwg

Description

The proposed method relates to meteorology and environmental monitoring and can be used to study and control the parameters of the atmosphere, the earth's surface and the ocean anywhere in the world.

Known methods for operational research of the atmosphere, the earth's surface and the ocean (ed. Certificate of the USSR No. 769.455, 1.676.651, 1.721.563; RF patents No. 2.030.789, 2.041.476, 2.068.185, 2.093.861, 2.124. 744, 2.168.747, 2.201.599, 2.240.576; US patents Nos. 3,943.514, 5.124.651, 5.696.514; Baydakov S.N., Martynov A.I. From the satellite’s orbit - into the eye of a typhoon. M .: Science, 1986, p. 170, 171 and others).

Of the known methods closest to the proposed is the "Method of operational research of the atmosphere, the earth's surface and the ocean" (RF patent No. 2.041.476, G 01 W 1/08, 1992), which is selected as a prototype.

This method includes transporting to the study area along a ballistic or orbital trajectory a diagnostic module with a set of descent capsules equipped with radiosondes, separating from the diagnostic module outside the atmosphere a set of descent capsules, the number of capsules in which satisfies the condition of filling the entire study area, after a specified time interval carry out the breeding of the descent capsules, providing a given distribution of them in space and their delivery to The upper boundary of the study area, and the parameters of the atmosphere, the earth's surface and the ocean are measured using radiosondes during their descent and after landing or landing, the information is transmitted to the receiving point.

An object of the invention is to increase the reliability of operational research of the atmosphere, the earth's surface and the ocean by using complex signals with phase shift keying to transmit discrete information from radiosondes at the receiving point.

The problem is solved in that according to the method of operational research of the atmosphere, the Earth’s surface and the ocean, which includes transporting to the study area along the ballistic or orbital path of the diagnostic module, sequentially at specified time intervals, separating from it outside the atmosphere several sets of launch capsules equipped with radiosondes, delivery descent capsules to the study area, measurement with radiosondes during descent and after landing or splashed the parameters of the atmosphere, the Earth’s surface and the ocean, the transmission of information from radiosondes to reception points, and a set of descent capsules is separated from the diagnostic module, the number of capsules in which satisfies the condition of filling the entire studied area, after the expiration of a given time interval, dilution of capsules is carried out, providing a given their distribution in space and their delivery to the upper boundary of the studied area, on each i-th radiosonde measured values of j parameters of the atmosphere, the earth surfaces and the oceans are converted into digital codes, a digital message is generated containing the jth number of the radiosonde and the measured values of j parameters of the atmosphere, the Earth’s surface and the ocean in digital form, generate high-frequency oscillation at a frequency ω _i , phase-shift it with a digital message, a complex a signal with phase shift keying is amplified by power and radiated into the air, and at each receiving point, a sequential search and conversion of signals by frequency is carried out, a complex signal with a phase shift key is isolated to it at an intermediate frequency, its frequency detection is carried out, as a result of which short bipolar pulses are emitted that correspond to the moments of abrupt change in the phase of a complex signal with phase shift keying, they form a bipolar voltage in the forward or reverse code proportional to the digital message, register and analyze it, as a result, the jth number of the radiosonde and the values of j parameters of the atmosphere, the earth's surface and the ocean are determined, and i = 1,2, ..., n, j = 1,2, ..., m, where: n is the number radio probes used to study a given area of the atmosphere, the earth's surface and the ocean;

m is the number of atmospheric, terrestrial, and ocean parameters measured by the i-th radiosonde.

Figure 1 presents a diagram of the implementation of the method in the case of a tropical cyclone. Figure 2 presents a diagram of the Rokot-2 launch vehicle and the diagnostic module 3 installed on it with a set of launch capsules containing radiosondes. In FIG. 3 is a structural diagram of a transmitter mounted on each radiosonde. Figure 4 presents the structural diagram of the receiver installed at the points of reception. Figure 5 shows time charts illustrating the implementation of the proposed method.

Figure 1 introduced the following notation:

1 - artificial Earth satellite (IS3);

2 - launch vehicle (PH);

3 - diagnostic module (DM);

4 - a set of descent capsules (SC);

5 - descent capsules;

6 - points of reception;

7 - ground stations;

8 - specialized descent capsules.

The transmitter installed on each i-th radiosonde contains sensors 9.j of measured parameters (j = 1,2, ..., m), which are connected to the shaper 11.i (i = 1 through the analog-code converters 10.j) , 2, ..., n) a digital message to the output of which a phase manipulator 13.i is connected in series, the second input of which is connected to the output of the master oscillator 12.i, the power amplifier 14.i and the transmitting antenna 15.i.

Each receiving point contains a receiving antenna 16 connected in series, a high-frequency amplifier 17, a mixer 20, the second input of which is connected through the local oscillator 19 to the output of the search unit 18, an intermediate-frequency amplifier 21, a frequency detector 22, a trigger 23, and a recording and analysis unit 24.

The proposed method for the operational study of the atmosphere, the earth's surface and the ocean is implemented as follows.

After detecting the occurrence, for example, of a tropical cyclone using satellite 1 observing the environment and deciding to study it, the diagnostic module 3, which is a spacecraft with one or more sets, is transported to the tropical cyclone region using a launch vehicle 2 SC containing radiosondes. The required number of SCs in the kit must satisfy the condition for filling the entire investigated area and is determined during the preparation of the flight mission for the launch vehicle. The use of the dynamic-rocket maneuver when putting the diagnostic module (DM) into orbit, the choice of the type of the corresponding orbit (inclination, altitude) and the number of necessary turns provide transportation of sets of SCs to almost any region of the Earth.

At the estimated time, a set of 4 descent capsules 5 is separated from the DM and, after a predetermined time interval, which is necessary in some cases to calm and additional orientation in the SC space, expires, they are diluted to provide a given distribution in space, for example, with the highest density in the center , and delivery of SC to the upper boundary of the study area. The highest measurement density in the center of the studied area is necessary in those cases when the studied phenomenon has a zone with a sharp gradient of parameter values (for example, the eye of a tropical cyclone or a focus of environmental disaster).

To perform these operations, a flight task is formed containing, using the rocket-dynamic dilution of SC, the turn-on time, duration of operation and the spatial orientation angle of the propulsion system (DU) of each SC, after which the SC set is separated from the DM and the remote control of each SC is corrected for the correcting impulse at an angle of spatial orientation in accordance with the flight mission. When using controlled SCs, the flight mission contains information that ensures their reduction to the corresponding aiming points.

At an altitude of H> 120 km, the remote control or propelling devices are separated from the SK. During the descent of the SC in the atmosphere, they are braked using a parachute system. At an altitude of H = 25-50 km, the hatch covers of the parachute system are shot and the radio probes are separated from the SK. A multi-stage parachute system or an inflatable balloon system is put into operation, extinguishing the speed of the radiosonde to 5-15 m / s, at which it is possible to measure atmospheric parameter profiles.

When the i-th radiosonde is launched and when working afloat or when immersed in water, information from the sensors 9.j of the measured parameters [j = 1,2, ..., m) goes to the inputs of the transducers 10.j an analog-code that converts this information in digital codes. The latter arrive at the inputs of the shaper 11.i (i = 1,2, ..., n) of a digital message, the output of which is a digital message (modulating code M (t) (Fig. 5, a) containing the number of the ith radiosonde and measured values of j parameters of the atmosphere, the earth's surface and the ocean in digital form.

At the same time, a high-frequency oscillation is generated at a frequency ω _i using a given generator 12.i (Fig. 5, b):

u _i (t) = U _i · cos (ω _i t + φ _i ), 0≤t≤T _i ,

where: U _i , ω _i , φ _i , T _i - amplitude, carrier frequency, initial phase and duration of the high-frequency oscillation of the i-th radiosonde;

which arrives at the first input of the phase manipulator 13.i, the digital message M (t) (Fig.5.a) from the output of the former 11.i (i = 1,2, ..., n). At the output of the phase manipulator 13.i a complex signal with phase manipulation (PSK) is generated (Fig. 5, c):

u _c (t) = U _i · cos [ω _i t + φ _к (t) + φ _i ], 0≤t≤T _i ,

where: φ _a (t) = {0, π} - manipulated component phase DPSK mapping law in accordance with a digital message M (t) (Figure 5 a), and φ _a (t) = const at κτ _e <t <(k + 1) τ _e and can change stepwise at t = κτ _e , i.e. on the boundaries between elementary premises (κ = 1, 2, ..., n);

τ _e , N - the duration and number of chips that make up the signal of duration T _i (T _i = τ _e · N),

which, after gaining power in the power amplifier 14.i, is transmitted by the transmitting antenna 15.i to the ether, it is captured by the receiving antenna 16 of the receiving point and fed through the high-frequency amplifier 17 to the first input of the mixer 20, to the second input of which the local oscillator voltage 19 u _G ( t) = U _Г · cos [ω _Г t + φ _Г ]. At the output of the mixer, combinational frequency voltages are generated. The amplifier 21 of the intermediate frequency allocated voltage of the intermediate frequency (figure 5, g):

u _pr (t) = U _pr · cos [ω _pr t + φ _k (t) + φ _pr ], 0≤t≤T _i ,

Where:

To ₁ - gear ratio of the mixer;

ω _CR = ω _i -ω _G is the intermediate frequency;

φ _CR = φ _i -φ _G ,

which is fed to the input of the frequency detector 22, the output of which produces short bipolar pulses (Fig. 5, e), corresponding to the moments of the abrupt phase change of the received FMN signal (Fig. 5, d). These pulses are fed to the counting input of trigger 23. Each incoming short pulse transfers the trigger 23 to the opposite state, as a result of which a voltage is generated at its output in the forward (figure 5, e) or reverse (figure 5, g) code, depending on the initial (initial) state of the trigger 23. The generated voltage is proportional to the digital message M (t) (Fig. 5, a) and is recorded by the registration and analysis unit 24. The analysis of the recorded voltage determines the i-th number of the radiosonde, the measured values of j parameters of the atmosphere, the earth's surface and the ocean.

It should be noted that the search for QPSK signals emitted by various radiosondes at different frequencies is performed using the search unit 18, which periodically with a period T _P changes the frequency of the local oscillator 19 in a given frequency range. A sawtooth generator may be used as the search unit 18.

When launching radiosondes and when working afloat or when immersed in water, information from their sensors is transmitted in a discrete (digital) form using complex QPSK signals to mobile receiving centers 6 (satellite, aircraft, ships) and ground stations 7 directly or through repeaters, which can be located in specialized descent capsules 8, on a satellite, etc. Using repeaters allows you to record discrete information in a storage device, and then transfer it to collection and processing points.

This method, including transatmospheric dilution of radiosondes to the required distances using small SCs equipped with remote control or throwing devices, will allow for the dilution of short radiosondes in a salvo by using appropriate trajectories at distances up to 500 km (filling the entire volume of the typhoon). As a rule, a tropical cyclone has a height of at least 25 km and a diameter of at least 500 km.

The proposed method provides simultaneous measurement of the parameters of the atmosphere and the ocean in a large volume of air and water and the parameters of the earth's surface over a large area, which allows to obtain instantaneous time slices of the characteristics of the occurring atmospheric phenomena, natural and environmental disasters throughout the volume of the studied area.

To implement this method, a space complex (SC) based on the Rokot rocket can be used. Figure 2 presents a diagram of the rocket "Rokot" -2 "and installed on it DMZ with a set of SK containing radiosondes. The Breeze 8 booster block is used to bring the DM into orbit and the descent from it.

The main characteristics of QC are as follows:

- launch site - Baikanur Cosmodrome;

- orbit parameters: altitude H = 200-300 km, inclination i = 47-97 °;

- the mass of the diagnostic module is 1.3-1.8 tons;

- ballistic capsule (SC) type;

- the number of SC in the set - up to 100 pcs .;

- mass SC with a radiosonde - 10-15 kg;

- the size of the SK breeding area is 500 × 500 km.

For operational detection of tropical cyclones, monitoring their development and issuing preliminary information for planning the use of the complex under consideration, meteorological satellites of the Meteosat, DMSSP or satellite Meteor, Electro systems can be used. In the standard version, the complex can function in conjunction with existing and developing space systems for Earth monitoring, meteorological and communications space, air and ground complexes.

Thus, the proposed method in comparison with the prototype and other technical solutions provides increased reliability of operational research of the atmosphere, the earth's surface and the ocean. This is achieved by using complex signals with phase shift keying to transmit discrete information from radiosondes to reception points.

Complex signals with phase shift keying open up new possibilities in the technique of transmitting discrete messages from radiosondes to reception points. These signals allow the use of a new type of selection - structural selection. This means that there is a new opportunity to separate FMN signals operating in the same frequency band and at the same time intervals. Fundamentally, you can abandon the traditional method of dividing the operating frequencies of the studied range between operating radiosondes and selecting them at the receiving point using frequency filters. It can be replaced by a new method based on the simultaneous operation of each radiosonde in the entire frequency range with complex QPSK signals with the selection by the radio receiver of the signal of the necessary radiosonde through its structural selection.

Among the other problems on whose solution the further progress of radio communications depends, the problem of establishing reliable communication between radiosondes and reception centers in the presence of the multipath nature of the propagation of radio waves should be attributed. The presence of the multipath nature of the propagation of radio waves leads to a distortion of the received signals, which complicates the reception and reduces the reliability of the transmission of discrete information from radiosondes at the reception point.

Attempts to overcome the harmful effects of multipath have been made for a long time. These include diversity reception, signal selection by time and angle of arrival, corrective coding, and some other methods. However, all of them do not provide a fundamental solution to the problem.

Due to its good correlation properties, a complex QPSK signal can be “folded” into a narrow pulse, the duration of which is inversely proportional to the used bandwidth. Choosing a frequency band so that the duration of the convoluted pulse is less than the delay time, it is possible to separately receive pulses arriving at the receiving point in various ways, and by summing their energy, it is also possible to increase the noise immunity of complex QPSK signals. Thus, the indicated problem gets a fundamental solution.

From the point of view of detecting complex PSK signals have high energy and structural secrecy.

The energy secrecy of these signals is due to their high compressibility in time and spectrum with optimal processing, which reduces the instantaneous radiated power. As a result, a complex signal at the receiving point may be masked by noise and interference. Moreover, the energy of a complex QPSK signal is by no means small; it is simply distributed over the time-frequency domain so that at each point of this region the signal power is less than the power of noise and interference.

The structural secrecy of complex QPSK signals is due to the wide variety of their shapes and significant ranges of parameter changes, which makes it difficult to optimize or at least quasi-optimal processing of complex QPSK signals of an a priori unknown structure in order to increase the sensitivity of the receiver.

Claims (1)

A method for operational research of the atmosphere, the Earth’s surface, and the ocean, including transporting to the study area along the ballistic or orbital trajectory of the diagnostic module, sequentially separating several sets of launching capsules equipped with radiosondes from the atmosphere outside the atmosphere, delivering the launching capsules to the study area, measuring with the help of radiosondes during their descent and after landing or landing parameters of the atmosphere of the earth's surface and ok Ana, the transmission of information from radiosondes to reception points, while a set of descent capsules is separated from the diagnostic module, the number of capsules in which satisfies the condition of filling the entire investigated area, after the expiration of a given time interval, dilution of the capsules is carried out, ensuring their predetermined distribution in space and their delivery to the upper boundary of the study area, characterized in that on each i-th radiosonde the measured values of j parameters of the atmosphere, the earth’s surface and the ocean are predominant form into digital codes, form a digital message containing the i-th number of the radiosonde and the measured values of j parameters of the atmosphere, the earth's surface and the ocean in digital form, generate a high-frequency oscillation at a frequency ω _i , manipulate it in phase with a digital message, a complex signal with a phase they are amplified by manipulation in power and radiated into the air, and at each receiving point, a sequential search and conversion of signals in frequency is carried out, a complex signal with phase shift keying at an intermediate frequency is isolated e, carry out its frequency detection, which results in the release of short bipolar pulses corresponding to the moments of abrupt change in the phase of a complex signal with phase shift keying, form using them a bipolar voltage in the forward or reverse code proportional to the digital message, register and analyze it, as a result of which determine the i-th number of the radiosonde and the values of j parameters of the atmosphere, the earth's surface and the ocean, and i = 1,2, ..., n; j = 1,2, ..., m, where n is the number of radiosondes used to study a given region of the atmosphere, the earth's surface, and the ocean; m is the number of atmospheric, terrestrial, and ocean parameters measured by the i-th radiosonde.

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