RU2295086C2 - Sectional piping structure - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: construction.

SUBSTANCE: sectional piping structure comprises interconnected hollow members provided with flanges at their ends that are perpendicular to the axis of the hollow member. The hollow members are made of a glass ceramic. The thin-walled glass ceramic sectional piping coupling is set in each butt between the hollow members.

EFFECT: enhanced reliability.

13 cl, 16 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the construction industry, namely to the production of ceramic pipes and box structures for the construction of trunk pipelines, bridges, tunnel crossings under roads and other structures.

An analogue of the invention can be a well-known prefabricated metal structure containing round water pipes with flat flanges at the ends, interconnected by bolts and nuts. In order to seal pipes between the flanges, a rubber gasket is installed [Soviet Encyclopedic Dictionary / Ch. ed. A.M. Prokhorov. - M.: Soviet Encyclopedia, 1984. - 1600 p. See the word "Flange" on page 1411: "Flange, connecting part of pipes, tanks, shafts, etc., performed, as a rule, integral with the main part; usually a flat ring or disk with holes for bolts or studs. Ensures tightness or (i) proper bond strength "].

A disadvantage of the traditional solution is the unreliable tightness of the pipes and the weak strength of the connection of prefabricated structural elements, which at high loads have insufficient rigidity and stability, as a result of which the design can only serve for supplying low pressure water with small metal pipelines of small diameter.

Solutions are also known in which the connection of metal tubular elements is carried out using threaded couplings [RF patent No. 94024968 A1 of 05.20.96. "Quick disconnect connection of pipelines" / Terpigorev A.A., Fomin G.E., Akulenko V.G., and RF Patent No. 2073162 C1 of 02/10/97. "Connection of pipes" / Mangushev N.I., Tochilkin V.I. and etc.].

The disadvantage of such solutions related to pipes of small diameter is the weak strength, rigidity and stability of the prefabricated structure, the inability of the structure to perceive significant bending moments and, as a consequence, the inapplicability of this solution in the construction of large diameter and high pressure pipelines and especially for the construction of tunnels and bridges.

It is known to connect metal hollow tubular elements of annular cross-section with end flanges at the ends that are perpendicular to the axis of the hollow elements, while at the junction of the hollow elements a prefabricated tubular cross-section coupling of two halves with a groove from the side of the hollow elements covering the end flanges is installed, and each end flange on its lateral surface has an annular groove for accommodating the sealing sealing element SU 1675612 A1, 09/07/1981.

This decision was made by the authors for the prototype of the invention.

The disadvantage of the prototype is weak strength, rigidity and stability, as well as unreliable tightness and low durability of the prefabricated structure under aggressive environmental conditions due to metal corrosion, the inapplicability of such a structure for the construction of trunk pipelines, bridges, tunnels and other similar structures.

An object of the invention is to increase the strength, rigidity and stability, as well as the tightness and durability of a prefabricated tubular structure made of glass and intended for the construction of trunk pipelines, bridges, tunnel junctions under roads and other structures. Such a prefabricated tubular structure is required in which the high strength, corrosion resistance and durability of the glass are effectively used, as well as the reliable sealing of the structure used for high pressure gases and liquids.

In a prefabricated tubular structure comprising hollow elements of tubular cross section connected at the joints, having end flanges at the ends perpendicular to the axis of the hollow element, according to the invention, the hollow elements are made of glass, and in each joint of the hollow elements there is a ceramic metal thin-walled tubular cross section coupling, in this case, when the end flanges of the hollow elements are directed outward, the prefabricated thin-walled coupling is located outside the hollow elements and consists of half-couplings with straight the hollow groove from the side of the hollow elements, and when performing the end flanges of the hollow elements directed inside the hollow elements, the prefabricated thin-walled coupling is located inside the hollow elements and consists of plates with rectangular grooves from the side of the hollow elements, while the end flanges of the hollow elements are located in the rectangular groove of the prefabricated thin-walled coupling and each end flange has an annular groove on its lateral surface, and an annular cavity formed by a prefabricated thin-walled coupling and annular grooves end flanges filled with sealant.

The hollow member may be a thin-walled circular tube of annular cross-section or a thin-walled box of hexagonal cross-section.

In addition, the hollow element may be a thin-walled box of rectangular or square cross-section.

The longitudinal axis of the hollow element in its middle part can be outlined along an arc of a circle, forming straight sections at the ends located at an angle to each other.

A longitudinally located hollow element, the end flanges of which are directed outward, in its middle part can be seamlessly combined with a transverse hollow element perpendicular to it, which has end outward flanges at the end.

At the junction of the hollow elements with the end flanges facing outward, a prefabricated thin-walled coupling located outside the hollow elements and consisting of half couplings, each half-coupling can be equipped with flat rectangular flanges located along the hollow elements and fastened together by connections, each connection being a bolt, mounted in a cylindrical recess of flat rectangular flanges filled with sealant.

At the junction of the hollow elements with the end flanges directed outward, a prefabricated thin-walled coupling installed outside the hollow elements and consisting of half couplings with flat rectangular flanges is made of steel, and the flat rectangular flanges of the half couplings are fastened together by bonds made in the form of welds.

At the junction of the hollow elements with the end flanges facing outward, a prefabricated thin-walled coupling located outside the hollow elements and consisting of half-couplings can be equipped with one or two monolithic thin-walled tubular cross-section couplings of the same material as the prefabricated thin-walled coupling, while monolithic the coupling is worn on the assembly coupling and secured to it by ties.

At the junction of the hollow elements of rectangular or square cross-section with end flanges directed inside the hollow elements, the prefabricated thin-walled coupling located inside the hollow elements and consisting of plates can be equipped with a monolithic tubular cross-section clutch installed inside the prefabricated coupling over the entire width of its inner surface and bonded with her ties.

The prefabricated and monolithic thin-walled couplings installed externally or inside the hollow elements can be made of ceramic, each connection fastening the couplings is made in the form of a metal cylinder located in the cylindrical recess of the assembly and monolithic couplings, which are filled with sealant.

The ends of the hollow elements can be provided with additional flanges perpendicular to the hollow elements and directed in the same direction as the end flanges, while the assembled thin-walled coupling is made with additional rectangular grooves in which additional flanges are located.

The hollow element, which is the last in the construction, which is a thin-walled round pipe, may have a ceramic end cap at the end, made integral with the pipe in the form of a thin-walled hemisphere.

The hollow element of the tubular cross section, which is the last in the construction, may have at the end a ceramic end plate made in the form of a flat plate in one piece with the hollow element.

In this case, a flat plate of a ceramic metal end plate made integrally with a hollow element can be reinforced with ceramic metal stiffeners.

Figure 1 shows the design of the sealed joint of the ceramic round pipes united by a ceramic assembly coupling bolted together;

figure 2 - design of the sealed joint of the ceramic round pipes joined by a steel prefabricated coupling fastened by welds;

figure 3 - design of the sealed joint of the ceramic thin-walled boxes of hexagonal cross-section, united by a ceramic combined coupling fastened by bolts;

figure 4 - the design of the hardened tight joint of the ceramic round pipes united by a ceramic assembly coupling, bolted together;

figure 5 - the design of the hardened sealed joint of the ceramic round pipes joined by bonded cylindrical ties of the ceramic metal team and the outer monolithic couplings;

Fig.6 is a design of a hardened sealed joint of ceramic round pipes joined by bonded cylindrical ties of ceramic combined team and two external monolithic couplings;

in Fig.7 - the design of the sealed joint of the ceramic boxes, united by bonded cylindrical ties of the ceramic metal team and two external monolithic couplings;

on Fig - the design of the sealed junction of the ceramic boxes, united by a steel prefabricated coupling fastened by welds;

in Fig.9 - the design of the hardened sealed joint of the ceramic boxes, united by bonded cylindrical ties of the ceramic metal team and the external monolithic couplings;

figure 10 - the design of the hardened sealed joint of the ceramic boxes, united by bonded cylindrical ties of the ceramic metal team and internal monolithic couplings;

figure 11 - design of a ceramic hollow structural member, the longitudinal axis of which in the middle part is outlined in an arc of a circle;

in Fig.12 - the design of a longitudinally positioned sitallic hollow element, in the middle part monolithically combined with a transverse hollow element perpendicular to it sitallic;

in Fig.13 - the design of a longitudinally positioned ceramic hollow element, in the middle part monolithically combined with a transverse hollow ceramic element perpendicular to it;

on Fig - the design of the ceramic located at the end of a thin-walled round pipe end caps, made integral with the pipe in the form of a thin-walled hemisphere;

on Fig - the design of the ceramic end face made integrally with the ceramic hollow element in the form of a plate;

in Fig.16 - the design of the ceramic end face made integrally with the ceramic hollow element in the form of a plate reinforced with ceramic reinforcing ribs.

In a prefabricated tubular structure comprising hollow elements 2 of tubular cross section connected at the joints 1, having end flanges 4 at the ends 3, perpendicular to the axis 5 of the hollow element, according to the invention, the hollow elements 2 are made of glass, and in each joint 1 of the hollow elements 2 is installed a metal composite thin-walled coupling 6 of tubular cross-section, in this case, when the end flanges 4 of the hollow elements 2 are directed outward, the thin-walled coupling 6 is located outside the hollow elements 2 and consists of a floor couplings 7 with a rectangular groove 8 from the side of the hollow elements 2, and when the end flanges 4 of the hollow elements 2 are directed inside the hollow elements 2, the assembled thin-walled coupling 6 is located inside the hollow elements 2 and consists of plates 9 with rectangular grooves 8 from the side of the hollow elements 2, wherein the end flanges 4 of the hollow elements 2 are located in a rectangular groove 8 of the prefabricated thin-walled coupling 6, and each end flange 4 has an annular groove 11 on its lateral surface 10, and an annular cavity 12 formed by the thin-section assembly ennoy clutch 6 and the annular grooves 11 of the end flanges 4 is filled with a sealant 13 (see FIG. 1-16).

The hollow element 2 may be a thin-walled circular tube 14 of annular cross-section or a thin-walled box 15 of hexagonal cross-section (see figures 1-3, 4-6).

In addition, the hollow element 2 may be a thin-walled box of rectangular 16 or square 17 cross-section (see Fig.7-10).

The longitudinal axis 5 of the hollow element 2 in its middle part 18 can be outlined along an arc 19 of a circle, forming at the ends of rectilinear sections 20 located at an angle 21 to each other (see Fig.11).

A longitudinally located hollow element 2, the end flanges 4 of which are directed outward, in its middle part 18 can be monolithically combined with the transverse hollow element 22 perpendicular to it, which has end flanges 4 directed outward at the end (see Figs. 12, 13) .

At the junction 1 of the hollow elements 2 with the end flanges 4 facing outward, there is a prefabricated thin-walled coupling 6 located outside the hollow elements 2 and consisting of half-couplings 7, each half-coupling 7 can be equipped with flat rectangular flanges 23 located along the hollow elements 2 and fastened between bonds 24, and each connection 24 is a bolt 25 mounted in a cylindrical recess 26 of flat rectangular flanges 23 filled with sealant 13 (see figures 1-4, 8, 12-14).

At the junction 1 of the hollow elements 2 with the end flanges 4 facing outward, a prefabricated thin-walled coupling 6 mounted outside the hollow elements 2 and consisting of half couplings 7 with flat rectangular flanges 23 is made of steel, and the flat rectangular flanges 23 of the half couplings 7 are fastened together by connections 24, made in the form of welds 27 (see figure 2, 8, 13).

At the junction 1 of the hollow elements 2 with the end flanges 4 facing outward, the prefabricated thin-walled coupling 6 located outside the hollow elements 2 and consisting of half-couplings 7 may be provided with one or two monolithic thin-walled couplings 28 of tubular cross section made of the same material as thin-walled clutch assembly 6, while the monolithic clutch 28 is worn on the clutch assembly 6 and secured to it by ties 24 (see FIGS. 5-7, 9).

At the junction 1 of the hollow elements 2 of a rectangular 16 or square 17 cross-section with end flanges 4 directed inside the hollow elements 2, a prefabricated thin-walled coupling 6 located inside the hollow elements 2 and consisting of plates 9 can be provided with a monolithic coupling 29 of a tubular cross section, installed inside the prefabricated coupling 6 over the entire width of its inner surface 30 and fastened with ties 24 (see figure 10).

The prefabricated 6 and monolithic 28, 29 thin-walled couplings installed externally or inside the hollow elements 2 can be made of glass, each connection 24 fastening the couplings 6 and 28 or 6 and 29 is made in the form of a metal cylinder 31 located in a cylindrical the recess 32 of the team 6 and monolithic 28 or 29 couplings, which is filled with sealant 13 (see Fig.5-7, 9, 10).

The ends 3 of the hollow elements 2 can be provided with additional flanges 33, perpendicular to the hollow elements 2 and directed in the same direction as the end flanges 4, while the assembled thin-walled coupling 6 is made with additional rectangular grooves 34, in which additional flanges 33 are located ( see Figs. 4-6, 9, 10).

The hollow element 2, which is the last in the construction, which is a thin-walled round pipe 14, can have a ceramic end cap 35 at the end 3, made integral with the pipe 14 in the form of a thin-walled hemisphere 36 (see Fig. 14).

The hollow structural element 2 of the tubular cross section, which is extreme in the construction, may have a ceramic end face 37 at the end 3, made in the form of a flat plate 38 in one piece with the hollow element 2 (see Fig. 15).

In this case, the flat plate 38 of the ceramic end plate 37, made integrally with the hollow element 2, can be reinforced with ceramic reinforcing ribs 39 (see Fig. 16).

The structures shown in figures 1-16 can be used for the construction of trunk pipelines (figures 1-6, 11-13), tunnels (7-9, 11-12), bridges (Fig. 10 shows the abutment joint of the bridge box span), in-house pipelines (2, 13) or ducts (Fig. 8), high-pressure gas holders (Fig. 14), containers for storing radioactive waste or low-pressure liquids (Fig. 15), containers for storing medium-pressure liquids (Fig.16).

At the same time, the junction design of the ceramic glass hollow elements of the tubular cross section depends on the purpose of the object of the invention. So, in Fig.1, 4, 5, 6, 11 and 12 shows the junction of the elements of the main pipelines of large diameter, designed for the transportation of gas, oil or water. Figure 3 - the junction of the elements of the pipeline of large diameter, designed for transportation over long distances of containers with goods in the air stream. 7 and 9 show the joints of the elements of box-shaped pedestrian or road tunnels. Figure 10 - abutment joint bridge box-shaped spans. Figure 2 and 13 shows the joints of the elements of the in-house pipelines of small diameter, designed to supply gas or water, or sewage to the building. On Fig - the joint elements of the inner box of small transverse dimensions, designed to isolate the wiring in buildings. On Fig, 15 and 16 shows the design of gas holders for gases or containers for liquids, or the design of the plugs when turning the pipeline at a right angle.

The hollow element 2 is made with flanges 4 or 33 at the same time, i.e. is a single monolithic block. With the appropriate dimensions of a chamber electric furnace, intended for the manufacture of round and box-shaped structures made of glass metal, the length of the hollow element 2 can reach 12 m, width - 5 m.

According to the production technology, the liquid sealant 13 is hot being pumped into the annular cavity 12 of the prefabricated glass structure through a steel tube. The sealant 13 in the form of a hot polymer or metal sealant fills the cylindrical recess 32 of the team 6 and the monolithic 26 or 28 couplings or the outer part of the cylindrical recess 26 of the flat rectangular flanges 23 of the half couplings 7.

In the present invention, the connected elements are completely assembled independently of the sealant, i.e. the ceramic elements are assembled before the sealant is delivered to the structure location, which in the liquid state is pumped into the annular cavities of the assembled structure and solidifies upon free cooling. In this case, the sealant, despite a slight difference in properties compared with the main material of the prefabricated structure, is quite close in properties to the main structure. For example, it must be durable, high-tech for low-temperature injection into the annular cavity, high-tight to prevent the penetration of water, air and other gases, not subject to rheological changes in the properties, including with respect to the occupied volume, and must have high adhesion with the main material of the glass structure. If the main material is ceramic, then the sealant is often also ceramic, but only low-temperature (electronic lamps were often sealed with such ceramic). Another case: structural polymer serves as a sealant (pipes from it hold high-pressure gas). In recent decades, such a polymer has been manufactured with metal impurities. The third commonly used sealant material is special low-temperature metal alloys.

When using the invention increases the strength, stiffness and stability, as well as the tightness and durability of prefabricated ceramic tubular structures.

In the proposed technical solution, the prefabricated ceramic structure can operate on the action of large longitudinal tensile forces. In this case, the flanges 4 work on a cut, and the tensile forces are perceived by the cross section of the prefabricated thin-walled coupling 6 of a tubular cross section.

Note that the prefabricated thin-walled clutch 6 well transfers any longitudinal forces arising in the hollow elements 2 at the stage of operation of the structure, both tensile and compressive forces.

The cross-section of the prefabricated thin-walled clutch 6 also accepts the significant bending moment arising at the joint 1, since the strength of the metal during bending and shearing is large. For the same reason, the proposed prefabricated sitall design works well for bending during kinematic movements caused by uneven precipitation of the soil or supports.

In addition, the proposed design is able to work well on temperature effects, since the glass can be made with a zero temperature coefficient of linear expansion. And in this case, temperature compensators are not required either in trunk pipelines, or in tunnels, or in long bridges. As a result, the complexity of construction and the estimated cost of long transport systems will decrease significantly.

The significance, relevance and timeliness of the invention of the invention proposed for the construction of structures is associated with the remarkable properties of the glass itself, that new material from which it is currently possible to produce the most durable, reliable and promising building structures. At the same time, new material and new technology required new design solutions, such as would best suit the properties of the ceramic.

There are still no large-sized glass building structures. The possibility of economical and high-quality manufacturing of them is associated with the advent of new technology (see, for example, the application of Kim A.Yu., Kim Yu.V. "Chamber electric resistance furnace", No. 2004102321/02 (002206) dated January 26, 2003). The presence of new technology for the manufacture of glass metal predetermined the appearance of new design solutions. There was no objective need for such decisions in the twentieth century.

Due to their high dielectric properties, strength, corrosion resistance, impermeability and durability, and, as a consequence, high cost-effectiveness, large-sized structures made of glass are necessary for construction in the oil and gas, oil refining, transport, land reclamation, nuclear energy, hydraulic engineering, housing and communal, metallurgical and other industries . In industries where corrosion determines the service life of pipes, metal often serves no more than 15 years, and in chemical industries it is often three years or less.

The proposed prefabricated ceramic pipes and box structures have high technical and economic efficiency due to their high strength, impermeability, corrosion resistance and durability at an affordable price, which is determined by the relatively low cost of the original petrurgic raw materials and the incompleteness of the global market for metal products.

Sittall is three times lighter in weight than steel. It adheres firmly to steel. The ceramic elements can be combined by welding, but only in the factory. During installation, i.e. during the construction of piping in buildings or during the construction of linearly-extended structures in the conditions of steppes, forests and mountains, accelerated assembly of glass elements by a small crane is required, followed by sealing the structure in a simple and reliable way.

We also note that the glass has low thermal conductivity, which is important, for example, in the construction of urban heating plants.

Glass pipes and box elements are firmly and tightly joined together. The manufacturability of the manufacture of ceramic pipes and box structures in the respective furnaces is high. The production of pipes and box structures, as well as other glass products, can be waste-free and environmentally friendly.

Glass pipes are designed for pipeline, transport, industrial, housing and communal and other construction. The diameter of the produced pipes usually does not exceed 1.6 m, but in modern production the diameter of the pipes can reach 5 m, and the length of the sections, i.e. pipe elements - 12 meters.

The use of Sitall round (and in some cases hex) pipes can ensure the accelerated construction of water mains, gas and oil pipelines; corrosion-resistant overpass pipes for gas and oil refineries, pneumatic conveying piping systems, bridge supports and high-speed overpasses across rivers and other obstacles; culverts under embankments; columns; corrosion-resistant and radiation-resistant pipelines for nuclear power plants; piping in buildings and more.

It is possible to make corrosion-resistant oil tank cars for rail transportation, high-pressure gas tanks, fire-resistant tanks for storing gasoline or oil products, construction of water towers, wells, wells, irrigation and drainage systems, closed water systems for transporting drinking water over long distances, and much more. Soon, pumping water from the rivers flooding the cities during the flood of the rivers will be no less relevant. And for pumping water out of the rivers, durable large-diameter pipe pipes and powerful pumping stations are needed.

But first of all, durable pipes are necessary for the construction of gas, oil and water pipelines. Currently, the construction of pipelines in the world is carried out on a large scale, and the need for durable and corrosion-resistant pipes is huge.

The use of large-sized glass ceramic box structures can provide accelerated construction:

- large-span sitallic sarcophagi for the timely shelter of nuclear power plants (when filling the box structures of the ceiling with quartz sand, radiation during emissions becomes almost safe for the population);

- earthquake-resistant large-block residential and administrative buildings;

- fireproof multi-storey and single-storey garages;

- tunnel crossings under roads in cities or in the mountains;

- large-span road, rail, city and pedestrian bridges over navigable rivers and other natural obstacles;

- high-speed overpasses for lightweight trains;

- overlappings of metallurgical and other workshops with heavy crane equipment;

- durable offshore platforms for gas and oil production;

- marinas, moorings and overpasses;

- marine sectional tankers;

- housing and communal communication boxes in cities;

- protective dams with the possible flooding of villages from river spills, mudflows or from avalanches and much more.

Note that the last 12-14 claims specify the design, which is a sealed tunnel, designed to neutralize toxic gases and store underground for hundreds of years of spent radioactive raw materials from nuclear power plants and nuclear warheads.

At this historical stage, long-term storage of radioactive waste is inevitable. At the same time, only glass capsules, gas holders, as well as tunnels, mines and other underground storages are able to completely prevent the entry of radioactive elements into groundwater and, therefore, into the human body. Effective underground approaches to nuclear power plants and long-span sarcophagi that are thrust over the blown up reactors of a power plant can be created only from a glass-absorbing radiation beam, only pipelines that are resistant to corrosion of circulating radioactive water, etc. can be made from glass-ceramic.

The variety of constructions and structures made of ceramic glass shows how important it is to have universal structural solutions that would ensure the full use of the remarkable properties of ceramic glass at the present stage of civilization development and thereby make possible the industrial construction of durable structures that are as unique in value as the ceramic glass itself.

Sitall, i.e. crystallized glass, artificial stone, heavy-duty ceramics, etc., is a new material, called differently in different countries. This is a promising material with high strength, hardness, corrosion resistance, frost resistance, fire resistance, durability, water and gas impermeability, high dielectric properties, manufacturability. In terms of corrosion resistance, there are no materials equal to ceramic.

Studies of US scientists also testify to the merits of ceramic. There was no more durable material for the manufacture of deep-sea bathyspheres than ceramic. The best baths for acids and alkalis were ceramic baths. The best coating for dental crowns is sitall. Decorative ceramics meets all the requirements that apply to materials used for decorative and artistic purposes.

Glass products were manufactured in the USSR in the eighties in Moscow (heat-resistant tubes), in Leningrad (printed circuit boards), in Donetsk in Ukraine (tiles).

As for foreign companies manufacturing products from technical glass, then, first of all, the American companies Corning Glass works, General Elektric, Romo wooldridge and Silvania Elektrik should be called.

These companies make glass products for the electronics industry, namely: grids for television tubes, substrates for capacitors and circuit boards for printed circuits. In addition, these companies produce such products from glass, as dishes, tiles, cone-cones for guided supersonic shells, shells of crewless deep-sea apparatus for research at depths over 9000 m and the base for the manufacture of mirrors for telescopes with a zero temperature coefficient of linear expansion.

Sittall is material of the twenty-first century. In the twentieth century, only laboratory and theoretical studies were actually carried out, the production of small products was established. The production of large-sized glass pipes and box-shaped building structures is just beginning.

The modern pyroxene ceramic created by scientists is not inferior in strength to steel. By fragility, ceramic is equivalent to cast iron.

The initial raw material for the production of petrositall is pyroxene igneous rock (augite, diopside, hedenbergite, magnetite, diabase, basalt and other common rocks), but the main raw materials are clay, quartz sand, gypsum, chalk, dolomite, soda, chromium oxide, coke and etc.

According to American data, the price of tiles from Pyrokeram 9608 is from 3 to 6 dollars, and tubes and drills from 10 to 15 dollars per 1 kg of product, while the cost of glass is from 40 to 70 cents per 1 kg of product (t. e. from 400 to 700 dollars per 1 ton) depending on the type of glass, processing quality, color, number of products and other factors.

We can assume that at present (due to the systematic increase in prices for energy carriers and transportation), the average unit cost of glass products will be 500-600 US dollars per ton. Consequently, ceramic pipes at cost will be equivalent to steel pipes of medium or large diameter, but incomparably more durable in terms of operation. The service life and economic efficiency of pipelines will increase dramatically, since ceramic pipes are not afraid of atmospheric corrosion, nor electrocorrosion, nor hydrogen corrosion, nor sea water corrosion, nor groundwater corrosion. And at the same time, they are ten times cheaper than stainless steel pipes.

So, the advantages of the proposed ceramic prefabricated tubular structures include, first of all, their durability and, as a result, technical and economic efficiency. And a particularly high technical and economic effect is expected during the construction of ceramic bridges and tunnels due to high corrosion resistance and strength, as well as due to the simplicity and unification of prefabricated structures in comparison with complex, labor-consuming and short-lived steel or reinforced concrete structures of known technical solutions.

In contrast to the prototype, the proposed sitall prefabricated tubular structure intended for the construction of trunk pipelines, bridges, tunnel crossings under roads and other structures, significantly higher strength, rigidity and stability of the structure, as well as its tightness and durability.

Claims (14)

1. A prefabricated tubular structure comprising hollow elements of tubular cross section connected at the joints, having end flanges at the ends, perpendicular to the axis of the hollow element, characterized in that the hollow elements are made of glass, and a ceramic metal thin-walled tubular transverse coupling is installed in each joint of the hollow elements. cross-section, while when performing the end flanges of the hollow elements directed outward, the prefabricated thin-walled coupling is located outside the hollow elements and consists of half-couplings with flat straight angular flanges and a rectangular groove on the side of the hollow elements, and when performing end flanges of the hollow elements directed inside the hollow elements, the prefabricated thin-walled coupling is located inside the hollow elements and consists of plates with rectangular grooves on the side of the hollow elements, while the end flanges are located in the rectangular groove prefabricated thin-walled coupling and each end flange on its lateral surface has an annular groove, and the annular cavity formed by the prefabricated thin-walled coupling and annular mi grooves of the end flanges, filled with sealant. 2. The prefabricated tubular structure according to claim 1, characterized in that the hollow element is a thin-walled round pipe. 3. The prefabricated tubular structure according to claim 1, characterized in that the hollow element is a thin-walled box of hexagonal cross-section. 4. The prefabricated structure according to claim 1, characterized in that the hollow element is a thin-walled box of rectangular or square cross-section. 5. The prefabricated tubular structure according to claim 1, characterized in that the longitudinally located hollow element, the end flanges of which are directed outward, in its middle part is integral with the transverse hollow element perpendicular to it, which has end flanges directed outward at the end. 6. The prefabricated tubular structure according to claim 1, characterized in that at the junction of the hollow elements with the end flanges directed outward, in the prefabricated thin-walled coupling located outside the hollow elements and consisting of half couplings, each half-coupling is provided with flat rectangular flanges located along the hollow elements and bonded together by bonds, each connection being a bolt mounted in a cylindrical recess of flat rectangular flanges filled with sealant. 7. The prefabricated tubular construction according to claim 1, characterized in that the prefabricated thin-walled coupling mounted outside the hollow elements and consisting of half-couplings with flat rectangular flanges is made of steel, and the flat rectangular flanges of the half-couplings are fastened together by bonds made in the form of welds . 8. The prefabricated tubular structure according to claim 1, characterized in that at the junction of the hollow elements with the end flanges directed outward, the prefabricated thin-walled coupling located outside the hollow elements and consisting of half-couplings is provided with one or two monolithic thin-walled tubular cross-section couplings from the same material as the prefabricated thin-walled clutch, while the monolithic clutch is worn on the prefabricated clutch and secured with ties. 9. The prefabricated tubular structure according to claim 1, characterized in that at the junction of the hollow elements of rectangular or square cross section with end flanges directed inside the hollow elements, the prefabricated thin-walled coupling located inside the hollow elements and consisting of plates is provided with a monolithic tubular transverse coupling the cross-section installed inside the prefabricated coupling over the entire width of its inner surface and fastened with ties to it. 10. The prefabricated tubular structure of claim 8 or 9, characterized in that the prefabricated and monolithic couplings are made of ceramic, and each connection is made in the form of a metal cylinder located in the cylindrical recess of the prefabricated and monolithic couplings, which is filled with sealant. 11. The prefabricated tubular structure according to claim 1, characterized in that the ends of the hollow elements are provided with additional flanges perpendicular to the hollow elements and directed in the same direction as the end flanges, and the prefabricated thin-walled coupling is made with additional rectangular grooves in which additional flanges. 12. The prefabricated tubular structure according to claim 2, characterized in that the hollow structural member, which is the most thin-walled round pipe, has a metal end cap at the end, which is integral with the pipe in the form of a thin-walled hemisphere. 13. The prefabricated tubular structure according to claim 1, characterized in that the extreme hollow element of the tubular cross section in the structure has a ceramic end face made in the form of a flat plate in one piece with a hollow element. 14. The prefabricated tubular structure according to item 13, wherein the flat plate of the ceramic end face, made integrally with the hollow element, reinforced with ceramic stiffeners.

Images