RU2292999C2 - Apparatus for gas-jet cutting of materials - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: apparatuses for manual and automatic division cutting of materials, possibly in building, machine engineering, metallurgy emergency and rescue works.

SUBSTANCE: apparatus includes combustion chamber 1 with nozzle 2 and ducts for supplying components of oxidizing agent and fuel to mixing head 3. Combustion chamber 1 has cross section in the form of elongated oval. Mixing head 3 has two mixing members 4 mounted in mixing head along long axis of oval symmetrically relative to axis of combustion chamber and each made in the form Gartman generator. Said generator includes housing 5 with nozzle 6 for feeding one component, rod 11 with duct 12 serving as sprayer for feeding other component and resonator 13 mounted coaxially on end of rod 11 in front of nozzle 6 of generator. Combustion chamber 1 is enclosed with cooling jacket 19 having ribs forming ducts for supplying cooling agent. Apparatus provides complete combustion of fuel directly in combustion chamber.

EFFECT: complete combustion of fuel in combustion chamber causing grown power of gas jet and increased number of types of broken materials.

2 cl, 2 dwg

Description

The invention relates to devices for manual and automated separation cutting of materials and can find application in rescue equipment, construction, engineering, metallurgy and other industries.

A device for gas-jet cutting of materials [1] is known, consisting of a combustion chamber with a nozzle and feed channels for the components of the oxidizing agent and fuel and a mixing head and a prechamber communicated with it, and nozzles for supplying an oxidizer are brought into the channel communicating with the combustion chamber with the prechamber.

The combustion chamber and the nozzle are film-cooled with fuel, which inevitably leads to significant losses of fuel, in addition, the thickness of the material being cut is limited by the length of the effective action of the jet of combustion products.

The problem solved by the invention is to increase the completeness of combustion of the fuel used directly in the combustion chamber, leading to an increase in jet energy, to expand the scope for types of destructible materials, their thickness, cutting speed.

The problem is solved in a device for gas-jet cutting of materials, consisting of a combustion chamber with a nozzle and feed channels for the components of the oxidizer and fuel. According to the invention, the combustion chamber is made with a cross section in the form of an elongated oval, and the device has a mixing head with two mixing elements mounted on the mixing head along the long axis of the oval symmetrically with respect to the axis of the combustion chamber. Each mixing element is made in the form of a Hartmann generator, consisting of a housing with a nozzle for supplying one of the components, a rod with a channel for supplying another component acting as a nozzle, and a resonator mounted coaxially at the end of the rod opposite the generator nozzle.

The combustion chamber of the device may be enclosed in a cooling jacket with ribs forming channels for supplying a cooler in which the combustion chamber is enclosed.

The proposed device is shown in the drawings.

Figure 1 shows a longitudinal section of a device; figure 2 is a cross section along aa.

The device consists of a combustion chamber 1 with a nozzle 2, a mixing head 3 with mixing elements 4, made in the form of Hartmann generators. The generator housing 5 is fixed to the mixing head 3 by the outlet part of the nozzle 6. In the cover 7, mounted on the housing 5, there are made axial 8 and, radially connected with it, 9 channels.

A pipe 10 for supplying one of the components is connected to the radial channel, and a rod 11 with a channel 12 acting as a jet nozzle is connected to the axial channel. A resonator 13 is mounted coaxially and opposite the nozzle 6 at the end of the rod 11. A collector 15 is formed between the flange 14 and the cover 7, which is connected, on the one hand, with a pipe 16 for supplying the second component, and on the other hand, with channels 17 with an annular cavity 18 in the housing 5. The combustion chamber 1 with the nozzle 2 is enclosed in a casing of a cooling jacket 19 having the shape of a flat parallelepiped. On the side of the mixing head 3, pipes 20 are connected to the cavity of the cooling jacket for supplying and discharging the coolant. Between the casing 19 and the combustion chamber 1, spiral baffles 21 are installed to organize the ordered movement of the coolant.

A device for gas-jet cutting of materials works as follows.

First, the coolant (water) is supplied through one of the pipelines 20 to the cooling jacket 19 of the combustion chamber 1. The movement of water around the combustion chamber becomes directed due to the ribs 21. Through another pipe 20, water is diverted for cooling to a tank or heat exchanger.

Methane (natural gas) is supplied via pipeline 10, radial channels 9 and axial channels 8 and 12 to the combustion chamber 1, from where it flows through the nozzle 2 into the atmosphere. Methane is ignited by an external source of fire, and it burns in the oxygen of the air. Then, the oxygen supply is opened, which through pipelines 16, through the collectors 15, channels 17, annular cavities 18 ending with nozzles 6, enters the cavities of the resonators 13, as a result of which intense fluctuations in the pressure of the ultrasonic frequency occur. Ultrasonic waves contribute to the active mixing of methane with oxygen, and the oval shape of the combustion chamber 1 in cross section promotes the concentration of acoustic vibrations in the plane on which the axes of the channels 12 lie, which leads to the active destruction of the methane stream and its mixing with oxygen and contributes to effective intracameral combustion. The oval cross section of the combustion chamber and the preset position of the resonators 13 allows you to focus most of the acoustic energy in the region of the axes of the channels 12 and organize such a gas-dynamic flow of working fluids that activates the mixing process and intracameral combustion. When oxygen is supplied, the combustion process through the nozzle 2 penetrates into the combustion chamber 1.

Acoustic treatment of a mixture of oxygen and methane increases the completeness of combustion during intracameral combustion and the temperature of the products of combustion flowing out from nozzle 2 reaches 2800 ° C at a supersonic jet velocity (more than 2500 m / s).

High-temperature and high-speed jet of products of combustion melts and removes destructible material. Due to the high intensity of heat supply to the material to be destroyed, the proposed device is subjected to heat-conducting materials such as copper and aluminum, as well as heat-resistant materials: all types of steel, cast iron, concrete and reinforced concrete, ceramic materials, etc.

The main advantages of the device for gas-jet cutting of materials are:

- high completeness of intracameral combustion, providing the temperature of the combustion products close to theoretically possible and the expiration of the combustion products with supersonic speed;

- the cutting depth limited only by the length of the supply pipelines, as a flat combustion chamber (cutting head with a cooling jacket) penetrates freely into destructible material.

Information sources

1. A.S. No. 947573, MKI3 F 23 D 13/32, "Device for gas-jet cutting of materials".

Claims (2)

1. A device for gas-jet cutting of materials containing a combustion chamber with a nozzle and channels for supplying components of an oxidizing agent and fuel, characterized in that the combustion chamber is made with a cross section in the form of an elongated oval, and the device has a mixing head with two mixing elements mounted on the mixing the head along the long axis of the oval symmetrically relative to the axis of the combustion chamber and each made in the form of a Hartmann generator, consisting of a housing with a nozzle for supplying one of the components, a rod with a channel for supplying another component acting as a nozzle and a resonator fixed coaxially at the end of the rod opposite the nozzle of the generator. 2. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that it is equipped with a cooling jacket with ribs forming channels for supplying a cooler in which the combustion chamber is enclosed.

Images