RU2292464C2 - Hydropneumatic set - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: mechanical engineering.

SUBSTANCE: invention can be used in transport, power engineering and any other industry. Proposed hydropneumatic set consists of several stages divided by partition into two phase-shifted similar sections in which rotors with cavities and rotors with bosses rotate, and it is furnished with main lines to supply and let out working medium. Ring channels with break whose angle is equal to angle of "dead» are arranged in partitions. Channels are made in rotors with bosses communicating space of section with ring channel. One of stages is main one others are additional ones. Which are provided, besides working line, with bypass line, both lines passing through two-position change-over switch which holds working line open in one position and bypass line closed, and vise versa in other position.

EFFECT: increased efficiency of hydropneumatic set.

Description

The invention relates to the field of mechanical engineering and can be used in transport, in the energy sector and in any branch of the national economy.

A known design (GB 1016722 A, 12.01.1966), in which rotors with a protrusion and rotors with a recess rotate synchronously. A cavity is formed between the housing, the rotor with the protrusion and the covers, which is divided into two chambers by means of the protrusion on the rotor and the rotor with a recess. When the rotors rotate, one of the chambers expands and the other contracts. Highways for supply and removal of the working fluid are connected to the chambers.

This design can work as a pump, pumping both gases and liquids.

Its disadvantage is the presence of a "dead zone". When the protrusion of the rotor gets into it, the sealing is broken. In this case, two chambers merge into one.

This does not allow using the design as an engine: in order to remove the protrusion from the “dead zone”, extraneous mechanical energy is needed.

Such an opportunity is in the design of patent BE 789962 A, 02/01/1973.

It consists of several steps divided by a partition into two identical sections displaced in phase, in which rotors with recesses and rotors with protrusions rotate synchronously, equipped with highways for supplying and discharging the working fluid. However, it is not effective enough.

Our proposal is aimed at increasing the design efficiency. In addition, we aim to make it able to change the torque at constant power of the prime mover.

This goal is achieved by the fact that

The hydro-pneumatic unit, consisting of several stages separated by a partition into two identical “sections” that are phase-shifted, in which rotors with recesses and rotors with protrusions rotate synchronously, is equipped with highways for supplying and discharging the working fluid.

It differs in that in the partitions there are ring channels with a gap, the angle of which is equal to the corner of the “dead zone”, and in the rotors with a protrusion there are channels connecting the cavity of the section with the ring channel: in this case, one of the steps is the main one and the others are additional, at which in addition to the working line there is a bypass, and both pass through the on / off switch, which in one position keeps the working line open, and the bypass closed, and vice versa in the other position.

Figure 1 shows the front view of the structure with the cover removed.

Figure 2 shows a side view of one stage of two sections with a synchronizing mechanism.

Figure 3 shows the design from the side of the synchronizing mechanism.

Figure 4 schematically shows a three-stage unit with bypass lines and on / off switches.

Hydropneumatic unit - three-stage version

It contains a housing 1, in which rotors 2 with a protrusion 1 and rotors 4 with a recess 5 are placed. A set of one housing 1, one rotor 2 with a protrusion 5 comprise one section. Each two sections are separated by a partition 6. In the partition 6, an annular channel 7 is made with a gap. The gap angle is equal to the corner of the "dead zone", which is located between points A and B.

In the rotors with protrusions, channels 8 are cut. One end of the channel extends to the annular channel 7, and the other to the cavity between the rotor 2 and the housing 1.

The protrusions 3 and the recesses 5 of the adjacent sections are in antiphase.

All rotors with protrusions and all rotors with recesses sit on the shafts 9. Synchronous gears 10 are mounted on the same shafts.

Highways 12 are intended for supplying a working fluid. Highways 13 are for withdrawal.

The cavity of the highway 13 passes into the cavity of the annular cutout 7.

The unit consists of 3 stages: I, II and III. I-st stage is the main: always in work.

The other two steps are optional.

Each stage has a working line 14, and additional stages have more bypass lines 15.

In addition, the additional stages II and III are equipped with two-stage switches 16. Lines 14 and 15 pass through the switches 16.

The unit operates as follows: the liquid under pressure enters from the channel 12 into the cavity between the housing 1, the rotor 4 and the rotor 2 with the protrusion 3 and presses on this protrusion. Under fluid pressure, the rotor begins to rotate. The liquid on the other side of the protrusion is displaced through the channel 8 in the rotor, then through the annular channel 7 into the channel 13. The rotor will move until the protrusion is opposite the point A. At this point, the working cavity begins to depressurize. Depressurization will end when the protrusion is opposite the point B. In the "dead zone", the liquid presses on the protrusion on both sides, and the rotor can stop, but at this time the protrusion of the adjacent section is in the working area. The force from it is transmitted to the shaft, and it is common to all rotors. The force from the shaft is transmitted to our ledge and forces him to leave the "dead zone". When the protrusion is in the "dead zone", the channel 8 is in the gap of the ring 7 and the liquid cannot pass through this section, and therefore is forced to pass through the adjacent one. So, in turn, the sections help each other go through the "dead zone", and the shaft moves continuously.

Stage I is in operation continuously. Therefore, the rotors of the other stages are also in motion. Let’s see what happens with the liquid.

Figure 4 shows that in the second stage, channel 14 is connected to channel 12, and channel 15 is closed. This means that the fluid enters under pressure and stage II also creates torque, like stage I.

In stage III, channel 14 is cut off from channel 12, but channel 15 is connected to it. Here, liquid is sucked into channel 12 through channel 15, and it is supplied from channel 13. There is no pressure in the line, because line 14 is under pressure .

Thus, the third stage is idling. Depending on the problem being solved, there can be more than 3 steps.

We examined the operation of a multi-stage unit as an engine. But it can also work as a pump. In this case, it becomes possible to stepwise regulate the pump performance at constant speeds of the prime mover.

The considered unit can work with gas and steam.

Claims (1)

Hydropneumatic unit, consisting of several stages divided by a partition into two identical sections displaced in phase, in which rotors with recesses and rotors with protrusions rotate synchronously, equipped with highways for supplying and discharging the working fluid, characterized in that annular channels with a gap are located in the partitions , the angle of which is equal to the corner of the "dead zone", and in the rotors with a protrusion made channels connecting the cavity of the section with the annular channel, while one of the steps is the main, and the rest - additional Who in addition to working line has a bypass and both pass through the on-off switch, which in one position keeps working line open and the bypass - closed and in another position - on the contrary.

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