RU2288777C1 - Acoustic method of treatment of fluid media in rotary pulsation acoustic apparatus - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: treatment of fluid media; conducting sound and chemical reactions, desalting and dewatering of oil.

SUBSTANCE: proposed method is also used for reduction of viscosity of liquids, oil and petroleum products in particular, increase of yield of light fractions in oil distillation, removal of sulfur and its compounds from oil, growing and killing of bacteria, manufacture of drugs, production of artificial blood, pasteurization and sterilization of milk and milk products, production of alcohol, preparation of various mixtures, extraction of agents from raw materials, preparation of water-and-bitumen and water-and-fuel emulsions. Proposed method includes treatment of fluid media in rotary pulsation acoustic apparatus where media is subjected to action of repeated alternating compression waves, rarefaction waves and compression waves which are generated by oscillations of flat disk of revolving rotor.

EFFECT: enhanced efficiency due to generation of low-frequency highly-intensive acoustic oscillations.

26 dwg, 14 tbl

Description

The invention relates to methods for processing various fluid media in a rotary pulsation acoustic apparatus (RPAA). It can be used in chemical, oil production, oil refining, microbiological, pharmaceutical, food, perfumery, feed, energy, chemical-photographic and other industries, road construction, for soundchemical reactions, desalination and dehydration of oil, to reduce the viscosity of various liquids, in particular, oil and oil products, to increase the yield of light fractions during oil distillation, to remove sulfur and its compounds from oil, to grow and plug bacteria , for the manufacture of various emulsion dosage forms, for the production of artificial blood, for the homogenization, pasteurization and sterilization of milk and dairy products, in the production of alcohol, for the preparation of various mixtures, purees, etc., for the production of various cosmetic preparations, including extracts, for the extraction of various substances from various raw materials, to obtain water-bitumen emulsions, to obtain water-fuel emulsions, etc.

A known method of processing a fluid medium (RF Patent No. 2090253, class B 01 F 7/00 Bl. No. 26, 09/20/97) in a rotary-pulsation apparatus, which consists in the fact that the processing is carried out under conditions of additional acoustic exposure of the stator to vibrations different frequencies and amplitudes, the frequency is regulated by the number of rotor revolutions, and the amplitude by the moment of inertia of the mass of the disk of the rotating rotor. Using this method, it is possible to obtain dispersions of hydrophobic protected components of color manifestation used in the film industry with particle sizes of 0.1 μm (0.1-10 ^-6 m), as well as pasteurization and sterilization in dairy products. The disadvantage of this method is that it uses additional acoustic vibrations (effects) of the stator on the medium. These oscillations have a much lower intensity and frequency in comparison with the acoustic radiation of the oscillating rotor, moreover, it is sometimes technically more profitable to process when the stator acts as an acoustic mirror, i.e. it maximally reflects the acoustic waves incident on it, created by a rotating rotor in the medium being processed. The intensity of acoustic radiation by this method is 100 ... 150 W / cm ² and the radiation frequency is in the range of 100 ... 16000 Hz. This method does not allow to obtain time-stable results (reproducibility and repeatability of results) when processing various media, for example, during pasteurization of milk, during the disinfection of wastewater containing microorganisms, etc., which inhibits its wide practical application in various fields of the national economy .

A known method of processing a fluid medium (USSR author's certificate No. 1479088 class B 01 F 7/28. 05/15/89), which consists in the fact that the processing of a fluid medium is carried out under hydroacoustic effects, for example, on a suspension of mineral fertilizers by acoustic vibrations with a certain intensity and the frequency that occur in the radial clearance between the rotor and the stator with imposing on them the vibrations of the stator due to its periodic squeezing from the rotor. Using this method it is possible to obtain, for example, water-fuel emulsions with particle sizes in diameter of 0.6 ... 0.8 μm. Such emulsions have low stability over time - about 0.5 years. In addition, the processing by this method of hydrophobic protected components of color development does not allow to obtain acceptable results, because the average particle diameter of the dispersed phase is of the order of 0.5 ... 1.0 μm. This method is generally characterized by low frequencies up to 4 kHz of acoustic radiation with a low intensity J = 50 ... 60 W / cm ² , which makes it unacceptable, for example, for soundchemical reactions, for high-quality water-bitumen emulsions, pasteurization and sterilization in fluid environments etc.

A known acoustic method for processing liquid media in a rotary pulsating acoustic apparatus (RF patent No. 2145255, class 01 F 7 / 00,10.02.2000, Bull. No. 4) consists in the fact that the processing is carried out in the conditions of fan vibrations of the plane of the disk rotating rotor with their various shapes, frequencies, intensities relative to the stator. The shape of the fan vibrations, their frequency and intensity are regulated by changing the power spent on the rotation of the rotor disk. This method allows you to significantly expand the frequency range of the impact of the rotor on the medium being processed, significantly increase the intensity of acoustic radiation in a rotary pulsating acoustic apparatus. This allows you to use this method to obtain ultrathin dispersions of hydrophobic protected color components used in the film industry, to carry out processes in liquid media: disinfection, pasteurization, sterilization, etc. The disadvantage of this method is that at high frequencies, fan vibrations of the rotor disk extend only to the periphery of the disk. Thus, not the entire plane of the rotor rotor disk emits acoustic vibrations at this time into the fluid being processed.

A known acoustic method of processing fluid in a rotary pulsating acoustic apparatus (RF patent No. 2162363, class B 01 F 7/00, 01/27/2001, Byl. No. 3), as the closest analogue of the invention according to the set of essential features, taken by us for the prototype, which consists in the fact that this treatment is carried out by means of a wave action on the medium being processed by alternating and repetitive periodic waves of compression, discharge, compression generated by fan, and / or umbrella, and / or combined fan-umbrella rings aniyami rotating rotor disc of different shape, frequency, amplitude and intensity. This method allows to obtain a wider range of frequencies emitted into the medium being processed by the rotating disk of the rotor, to increase the intensity of this radiation and, as a result, to expand the scope of this method, to obtain better results on its application. The disadvantage of this method is that not all types of oscillations and frequencies are involved in the process of generating periodically repeating and alternating compression, rarefaction, and compression waves into the processed fluid medium.

The technical effect of the invention is to increase the efficiency of processing fluid media (OZHS): extraction, dissolution, emulsification, dispersion, demulsification, sound-chemical reactions, microbiological processes, homogenization, etc. by generating low-frequency high-intensity acoustic vibrations in the OJL.

The invention is characterized by the following set of essential features that achieve this effect. The processing of fluid media is carried out in a rotary-pulsating acoustic apparatus by the wave action on the medium being processed periodically alternating and repetitive compression-vacuum-compression waves generated by oscillations of the disk plane of a rotating rotor of various frequencies, amplitudes and intensities, according to the invention, these waves are generated longitudinally, perpendicular to the sheet plane of the disk vibrations of this disk.

The acoustic treatment of liquid fluids in a rotary-pulsating acoustic apparatus by the wave action on the medium being processed periodically alternating and repeating compression, rarefaction, compression waves generated by sheet vibrations of a disk of a rotating rotor leads to the fact that in the low frequency region where the intensity of acoustic radiation of the rotor disk is maximum , it is possible to obtain a stable process of this radiation and, as a result of this, a stable process for the treatment of fluid media. Reducing the frequency of acoustic exposure to the OZHD leads to an increase in the time of this exposure (exposure time) as it were their "constant", "unchanged" waves of compression, discharge, compression on various objects located in the OZHS. This leads to the fact that these objects (particles of a liquid or solid phase, various microorganisms, particles of raw materials during extraction, particles of starch-containing raw materials, molecules, etc.) manage to deform or change their chemical potential under the influence of high acoustic intensity, reaching 10 ⁵ W / cm ² .

The essential distinguishing features of the invention is that the processing of fluid media is carried out by a wave action on the medium being processed by periodically alternating and repetitive compression-vacuum-compression waves generated by longitudinal, perpendicular to the plane of the disk sheet vibrations of the disk of the rotating rotor.

A comparative analysis of the invention with known technical solutions allows us to conclude about the novelty and compliance with the condition of the inventive step of this technical solution.

Figure 1 shows the disk of the rotor 9 RPAA, performing longitudinal, perpendicular to the plane of the disk sheet vibrations, the letter "U" denotes the nodes of these vibrations, and the letter "P" - antinodes of the oscillations of the rotor disk. The oscillation node is that place on the rotor disk, the amplitude of which is equal to zero, i.e. in this place, the rotor disk does not oscillate at this moment. Accuracy of oscillations is that place on the rotor disk, the amplitude of oscillations of which is maximum. Arrows “a” show the direction of traveling waves of sheet vibrations propagating longitudinally along the disk along the plane of the rotor disk. Figure 2 presents the RPAA, in which the proposed method is implemented, its longitudinal section. Arrows "b" indicate the oscillatory movement of the rotor disk, which is perpendicular to the plane of the rotor disk, due to which antinodes and nodes appear on its surfaces. Figure 3 is a section aa of figure 2. Figure 4 presents the prototype RPAA, which implemented all the examples in all areas presented below. Figure 5 presents the emulsion system located near the fixed disk of the rotor. Figure 6 presents a particle of the dispersed phase, which is at rest or under the action of minor perturbations from the side of the medium with the scheme of action of the forces of attraction (interaction) on the surface of the particle of the phase from the side of the phase itself and from the side of the medium. Figure 7 shows the effect of periodically alternating and repetitive compression-vacuum-compression waves generated by sheet vibrations of a disk of a rotating rotor on particles of a dispersed phase of an emulsion, and the deformation of these particles under the influence of these waves is shown. Fig. 8 shows a particle of the dispersed phase of an emulsion deformed under the action of compression-tension-compression waves generated by a disk of a rotating rotor and a diagram of the action of the phase of attractive forces on the surface of the deformed particle on the side of the phase itself and on the side of the medium. Figure 9 shows the effect of acoustic waves of compression-vacuum-compression-compression on various kinds of cracks present on the surfaces of various solids during dispersion of suspensions, during extraction and other processes. Figure 10 shows the effect of the same waves on the pores of a porous body, for example, during extraction. Figure 11 presents a particle of starch-containing raw materials. On Fig presents a group of starch grains located in water with microcracks between the grains in which alternating forces from the action of compression-pressure-compression-compression waves in water act. On Fig presents the action of the same alternating forces on microcracks located on the surface of this grain. On Fig presents a graph of the dependence of the intensity of the acoustic radiation J [W / cm ² ] on the frequency f [kHz] of the radiation of the disk of the rotating rotor RPAA. On Fig shows a salt crystal coated with a hydrophobic shell located in crude oil. On Fig presents a salt crystal in a supersaturated aqueous solution surrounded by an adsorption layer of asphalt-resinous substances with mechanical impurities. In Fig.17 shows the same salt crystal with hydrophobic shell destroyed by acoustic waves of compression-vacuum-compression-hydrophobic shell. On Fig depicts the process of coalescence of water droplets in oil under the influence of low-frequency acoustic waves of high intensity. On Fig presents the dispersion structure of oil (key 36, 37). On Fig presents the effect of acoustic waves of compression-expansion-compression on dispersed oil structures. On Fig presents the effect of acoustic waves on macromolecules of oil (key 38). On Fig presents the effect of acoustic waves of compression - tension - compression on the supramolecular structure of oil. On Fig presents a graph of storage processed in RPA and not processed whole milk. On Fig presents a schematic diagram of the stand "Laser interferometer". On Fig presents a diagram of the dispersion of emulsions, on Fig - particle dispersed phase with the vectors of the velocity of the medium in the region of the poles of the particles.

Table 1 shows the parameters of acoustic quality factor for various structural materials. Acoustic Q-factor is a parameter that numerically characterizes how many times the amplitude of forced oscillations at resonant frequencies is greater than the amplitude of oscillations at frequencies lower than resonant at the same amplitudes of the forced oscillations. Table No. 2 shows the results for the production of water-bitumen emulsions, table No. 3 shows the results of the extraction of pectin by the proposed method in comparison with the method of producing pectin according to the patent of the Russian Federation No. 2123266, class. A 23 L 1/0524, C 08 B 37/06. Table No. 4 shows the parameters of the wort obtained by the proposed method in comparison with the traditional one, table No. 5 shows the indicators of alcohol during fermentation of the wort untreated and processed in RPAA, these two tables No. 4 and No. 5 relate to the production of alcohol. Table 6 shows the results of oil desalination, table 7 shows the results of oil dehydration; in tables No. 6 and No. 7, the initial water cut is 20%, the salt content is -18825 mg / l. Table 8 shows the change in flash point, table 9 shows the change in viscosity, table 10 shows the pour point, table 11 shows the change in the yield of light fractions during oil distillation. In tables No. 8-11, samples 1 correspond to oil not processed in RPA, samples 2-4 correspond to oil processed in RPA under various conditions. The results shown in tables No. 8-11 obtained at the refinery. Table 12 shows the indicators of untreated and processed milk in RPA, table 13 shows the results of milk recovery from milk powder. Table No. 14 presents the results of the "stub" of bacteria.

The apparatus (see figure 2, 3 and 4) contains a housing 1 with input 2 and output 3 nozzles. In the housing 1 with a gap, the stators 4 are installed using elastic elements (blades, racks, shells, etc.) of the stator 5. At the ends of the stators 4 facing the opposite side of the housing 1, coaxial cylinders 6 are placed in which flow channels are made 7. A rotor 9 is mounted on the shaft 8 using elastic blades 10 and a sleeve 11. Coaxial cylinders 12 are placed on the ends of the rotor disc, in which flow channels 13 are made. The rotor 9 is made of titanium or titanium alloys, because the acoustic quality factor of this material is the largest of the known and available metals and their alloys. The stators 4 are made of titanium or titanium alloys and have a mass close to the value of the mass of the rotor. Stators act as acoustic resonators oscillating with the same frequencies as the rotating rotor. Figure 5, pos. 9 — rotor disk, 14 — dispersed phase particles, 15 — dispersion medium; 6 - pos.16 the strength of the molecular interaction of a point on the surface of a particle of phase 14 with the medium 15, pos.17 the strength of the molecular interaction of the same point on the surface of a particle of phase 14 with the phase itself; Fig.7 - pos.9 - wall of the rotor disk performing forced oscillations and generating medium 15 periodically alternating and repeating waves of compression 18 and rarefaction 19; Fig. 8 is an element of Fig. 7, namely, a particle of phase 14 deformed by compression waves 18, rarefaction 19, as a result of which the resulting forces of interaction of a point on the phase surface with the phase itself, item 17 "work" on separation, i.e. dispersing a phase 14 particle; Fig.9 - pos.15 - Wednesday; pos.20 - solid body, pos.21 - cracks on the surface of solid body 20, pos.22 - alternating pulsating forces arising from the action of compression waves (18) - rarefaction (19) - compression (18) acting on the walls of surface cracks 21; POS.23 - cracks in the solid body 20, arising from the action of forces 22; figure 10 - pos.24 - porous body, pos, 25 - through pores, pos.26 - closed pores (cavities); 11, 12, 13 - pos.27 - chaff shell of starch-containing raw materials, pos.28 - starch grain, Fig.9-13 pos.15 - solvent medium or water. On Fig graphically shows the dependence of the intensity of the acoustic radiation J on the frequency f, pos.29 - the intensity of the acoustic radiation of the rotary pulsation apparatus (RPA), pos.30 - the intensity of the acoustic radiation of the ultrasonic disperser low-frequency (UZDN), pos.31 - the intensity of the acoustic radiation of a rotary pulsation acoustic apparatus (RPAA). Fig pos. 32 - salt crystal, pos. 33 - adsorption layer of asphalt-resinous substances (hydrophobic layer), pos. 34 - oil. Fig pos.35 - a supersaturated aqueous salt solution. Fig.17 is the same as in Fig.15 and 16, but with a destroyed hydrophobic layer (33). Fig.18 pos. 35 - water drop, pos. 36 - direction (velocity vector) of the motion of a water drop (35) under the action of the difference (gradient) of pressure of compression waves (18) - discharge (19), compression (18). Fig.19 - pos.36 - the core of the dispersed structure, consisting of asphaltenes or particles of mechanical impurities, pos.37 solvate shell. Figure 20 shows the effect of acoustic compression waves (18) and rarefaction (19) on the dispersed structure of oil. In Fig.21 - the effect of acoustic waves on macromolecules (38) of oil, leading to their destruction, Fig.22 - the effect of waves on the supramolecular structure of oil, pos.39 - supramolecular structure of oil.

To obtain sheet vibrations of the rotor disk during RPAA operation, i.e. during its rotation, you must do the following. The rotor disk 9 is installed in the holder of the stand "Laser interferometer" shown in Fig.24. Using the generator pos. 54, the amplifier pos. 55 and the piezo-emitter pos. 49, bring the rotor disk 9 into forced oscillations, while changing the excitation frequency of the generator pos. 54 smoothly from 0 Hz. Using a microphone pos. 48 and a sound level meter pos. 52, monitor the vibration intensity of the rotor disk 9. As soon as this intensity J reaches its maximum value, which corresponds to resonant vibrations of the disk, use the optical system of the test bench (laser pos. 50, translucent mirror pos. 45, mirrors pos.44, lenses pos.46, holographic photographic plate pos.47) photographing the shape of this oscillation. This will be the first form of vibration of the rotor disk and this shape will be similar to the shape of a simple sheet vibration, i.e. correspond to longitudinal, perpendicular to the plane of the disk sheet vibrations of the rotor disk, the distribution and movement of which are presented in figure 1 and figure 2.

Oscillations of the same rotor disk at high frequencies generated by the generator pos. 54 will have a complex shape. These forms are presented in RF patents No. 2145255, Cl. B 01 F 7/00, Bull. 4, 10.02. 2004, No. 2162363, class B 01 F 7/00, Bull. 3 ,. 01/27/2001, namely: fan, umbrella and combined fan-umbrella oscillations. For the RPAA shown in FIG. 4, the frequency at which the first sheet-like oscillations of the rotor disk occur is 215 Hz. For each type-size of the rotor disk and its material, titanium alloys VT-5, VT-8, VT-9, VT-20, etc. this frequency will have a different meaning.

Next, the rotor disk 9 is removed from the stand and installed in a rotary pulsation acoustic apparatus (RPAA). The device is included in the work. At the same time, its rotation frequency gradually increases from 0 rpm. Using a spectrum analyzer, for example, SKCh-3, or any other, see Devices and systems for measuring vibration, noise and shock: Reference. In 2 kn. Book 1. Ed. V.V. Klyueva - Engineering, 1978.- 448 s, silt, pp. 286-287. Table 1 "Technical characteristics of domestic spectrum analyzers" sets such a rotor frequency at which the maximum amplitude of the acoustic radiation of the rotor disk, and therefore the apparatus as a whole, will occur for this device at an acoustic frequency of about 215 Hz.

In this case, according to the work: Ostrovsky Yu.I. et al. Holographic interference methods for measuring strains. - M .: Nauka, 1988, 248 p. p.228, the oscillation shape of the rotor disk will be the same as on the stand, i.e. will be leafy. For the same type-size of the rotor disk and the same material from which it is made, this frequency will differ from the bench by a small amount due to an error in their manufacture, and it (frequency) is easily determined using a spectrum analyzer.

Thus, the industrial application of this form of vibration is carried out, namely, sheet vibrations of the rotor disk of the apparatus during its rotation are industrially used.

Further, the apparatus with the rotor disk installed in it operates at the frequencies of its rotation (revolutions) determined as described above and corresponding to the sheet vibrations of the rotor disk.

The proposed method is carried out in the apparatus as follows: through the inlet pipe 2 into the apparatus 1 receives the processed fluid medium (see examples). Under the action of the pumping effect created by the elastic blades 10 of the rotor 9 and the walls of the flow channels 13 of the rotor 9, rotating together with the sleeve 11 and the shaft 8, it moves in the radial direction, passing sequentially through the flow channels 7 made in the coaxial cylinders 6 of the stators 4, and flow channels 13, made in the coaxial cylinders 12 of the rotor 9. Here it is subjected to intense mechanical stress from the above structural elements of the rotor and stators, which leads to intensive mixing, creation, homogenization, coarse dispersion, etc. Moreover, these processes occur at the macro level. Along with all this, in the proposed method there are sheet vibrations of the plane of the disk of the rotating rotor 9, which reach an intensity of 10 ⁵ W / cm ² and above. Figure 1 shows these sheet oscillations of the plane of the rotor disk 9 obtained from holographic plates using laser interferometry (see Fig. 24). Fluctuations in the plane of the disk of the rotating rotor arise due to the fact that, firstly, it is mounted on the sleeve 11 with the help of elastic blades 10, which allows the disk to perform these vibrations, and, secondly, due to the fact that the disk of the rotor 9 is streamlined fluid from two sides, which inevitably leads to an uneven flow of fluid from one and the other side. Due to this, pulsating pressure begins to act on the rotor disk, which arises from different sides of the disk, which leads to vibrations of the rotor disk 9. The same vibrations occur in one-sided disks when coaxial cylinders 12 with flow channels 13 are installed on only one side of the disk plane rotor 9. In this case, at certain rotational speeds of the rotor disk, due to pressure pulsations, on one side, the rotor disk performs exactly the same sheet vibrations, which have a significantly higher intensity than all other any acoustic vibrations that occur in the unit. The intensity of the acoustic impact of a rotating rotor is controlled by adjusting the power expended on its rotation and occurs by changing the rotational speed of the rotor disk. In Fig.21 pos.38 - oil macromolecule deformed under the influence of acoustic waves, Fig.22 - deformation of the supramolecular structure of oil 39 under the influence of acoustic waves. In Fig.23, position 40 is the raw milk not processed in RPA, pos. 41 is milk processed in RPA at a temperature of 55 ° C, position 42 is milk processed in RPA at a temperature of 70 ° C, position 43 is milk processed in RPAA at a temperature of 80 ° C, T ° - milk acidity in degrees Turner. Fig. 24 pos. 44 - mirror, pos. 45 - translucent mirror, pos. 46 - lens, pos. 47 - holographic photographic plate, pos. 48 - microphone, pos. 49 - piezo emitter, pos. 50 - laser, pos. 51 - laser power supply, pos. 52 - sound level meter, pos. 53 - oscilloscope, pos. 54 - generator, pos. 55 - amplifier.

Dispersed structures 14 located in the dispersion medium 15 of FIGS. 5 and 6 under the influence of the difference of the resulting forces 16 and 17 acting on each point of their surface from the medium 15 and phase 14 are in a stable spherical state due to the fact that the resulting forces 17, the interaction of the surface layer of phase 14 particles with the phase itself is greater than the resulting forces 16 of the interaction of this layer with the medium. In this case, the RPAA does not work, the disk 9 of figure 4 does not oscillate and does not generate into the liquid medium. During RPAA operation, the rotor disk 9 performs sheet vibrations, as shown in Fig. 1, its wall oscillates (see Fig. 7) and generates periodically alternating and repetitive compression waves (18) - rarefaction (19) - compression waves (18) on Wednesday 15 ) These waves deform the particles of the dispersed phase 14, while in the region of the compression waves 18, the particles of the dispersed phase 14 are compressed to form a neck, and in the region of the waves of rarefaction 19 they expand, i.e. as it were, a drop of a phase 14 particle droplet extends from the region of the compression wave 18 into the region of the rarefaction wave 19. In Fig. 8, an enlarged scale shows one particle of the liquid phase 14 located in medium 15 deformed by compression waves 18 — rarefaction 19 generated by sheet vibrations of a rotating the rotor disk 9. In this case, the resulting forces 17 of the interaction of the surface of the particles of phase 14 with the phase itself and the forces 16 of the interaction of this surface with the medium 15 work to separate (destroy, disperse, etc.) the particles of this phase 14, because the resulting forces 16 and 17 are directed inside the deformed drop of phase 14. Thus, the dispersion of the liquid phase in the liquid medium occurs. Figure 9 shows the effect of compression waves 18, rarefaction 19 on solid particles 20 located in a liquid medium 15. On the surface of solid particles 20 there are always cracks 21. Compression waves 18 - rarefaction 19, penetrating abnormally deep into these cracks, create a pulsating wave in them pressure, which in turn creates alternating forces 22 in these cracks acting on the surface of these cracks 21. These alternating forces 22 create fatigue stresses in the material of solid body 20, which lead to fatigue fracture of body 20 due to newly formed 23 cracks, which, as a rule, are formed along grain boundaries and other anomalies in solids. Thus, the dispersion of the solid particles of phase 20 in the liquid medium 15 occurs. This allows to increase the number of these particles in the medium, to increase their surface, which positively affects, for example, the processes of extraction from solids. When extracting substances from a soft, porous substance (see Fig. 10), compression waves — 18, rarefaction waves — 19, firstly, deform these particles by compressing and expanding them, which significantly increases mass transfer between this body 24 and liquid solvent 15, during secondly, alternating forces acting on the walls of open pores 25, as in the previous cases with solids, cause the deformation of these porous bodies, and in addition, due to the action of these forces 22, the tissue 23 of porous bodies 24 breaks with the opening of deaf pores 26 and the influx of solvent 15 into them, which is essential significantly increases the yield of extracted substances and intensifies these processes. When processed in RPAA according to the proposed method of starch-containing raw materials, as shown in Figs. 11-13, under the action of the same alternating forces, the chaff shell 27 is separated from the globules of starch grains 28 in water 15, and the starch grains are separated from each other (see Fig. 12) and dispersing the starch grains themselves (see FIG. 13) into separate fragments. In these figures, the gaps between the starch grains and the cracks in the starch grains themselves are identified identically by pos. 21, all other designations coincide with the previous designations and correspond to them. On Fig presents a graph of the dependence of acoustic radiation J [W / cm ² ] on the frequency of this radiation f [kHz]. It can be seen from this graph that the RPAA acoustic radiation pos.31 in almost the entire range of the frequencies emitted by the disk of the rotating rotor is significantly higher than the radiation intensity of the ultrasonic displacement detector at pos.30 and significantly higher than the radiation intensity of the rotary pulsation apparatus (RPA) pos.29. The measurements were performed using the RFT 00017 sound level meter. The highest value is the intensity of acoustic radiation at low frequencies, i.e. at those frequencies that are generated precisely by the sheet vibrations of the disk of the rotating rotor. They reach a value of 10 ⁵ W / cm ² . Figures 15 and 16 show crystals of salts 32 contained in oil 34 surrounded by a layer of resin-33 asphaltic substances (hydrophobic layer) and a layer 35 of a supersaturated aqueous salt solution. Under the influence of high-intensity acoustic radiation, the hydrophobic layer surrounding the salt crystal or salt crystal with its supersaturated aqueous solution is destroyed, and fresh water introduced into the oil penetrates the salt crystals 32 and their supersaturated solution. At the same time, fresh water dilutes the supersaturated aqueous solution of salts, and dissolves the salt crystals themselves. Thus, there is a desalination of oil, the results of which are shown in table No. 6. The process of oil dehydration consists in the fact that under the influence of a significant difference in pressures between compression waves 18 and rarefaction waves 19 arising in oil in which water is present, i.e. an inverse emulsion takes place, small particles of water 35 move along arrow 36 from the high-pressure region 18 to the low-pressure region 19 and when a demulsifier that destroys a surface-active substance (SAS) is introduced into such oil, these water droplets coalesce to such sizes when they negative Archimedean forces begin to act, which separates water and oil. The results of oil dehydration are shown in table No. 7. The mechanism of movement of water droplets in oil under the action of a pressure difference is shown in Fig. 18. Figure 19 shows the dispersed structure of oil, and figure 20 shows the effect of acoustic compression waves 18 and rarefaction waves 19 on this structure. Under the influence of these waves, the solvation shell 37 of the core 36, consisting of asphaltenes, is destroyed. When exposed to the core 36 of high-intensity acoustic vibrations, it can also be destroyed. On Fig presents the effect of acoustic waves on macromolecules of oil. Since the enthalpy of the C – S bond in these molecules is the smallest, namely, 54 kcal / mol, it is obvious that the destruction of these molecules occurs through this bond. This is confirmed by the fact that upon further distillation of the oil processed in RPAA, firstly, the release of hydrogen sulfide increases, secondly, the yield of light fractions increases, thirdly, the viscosity of the oil decreases, fourthly, the flash point decreases, fifthly, its temperature decreases solidification. These results are presented in Tables Nos. 8–11, where samples numbered 1 are the initial crude oil not processed in RPA, samples numbered 2–4 are oil processed in RPA under various processing conditions.

Under the influence of high-intensity acoustic waves, the destruction of bacteria found in various liquids and, in particular, in milk occurs. The results of this effect when processing milk in RPAA are presented in Fig. 23, in tables No. 12, 13. In Fig. 23, the horizontal axis shows the storage time of milk in days, the vertical axis shows milk acidity in T °, the upper limit of milk acidity - 24 °, pos. 40 - initial, whole milk not processed in RPA, pos. 41-43 - milk processed in RPA under different processing conditions. The maximum shelf life of pasteurized milk according to TU-36 hours (1.5 days). From Fig.23 it can be seen that the milk processed in RPAA significantly exceeds the requirement of TU for the shelf life of pasteurized milk in the traditional temperature way. From table No. 12 it is also seen that milk processed in RPAA has significantly better indicators for TMP (total microbial number) and BGKP (Escherichia coli bacteria). From table No. 13 it is seen that milk restored by traditional technologies has lower rates compared to milk restored using RPAA. The authors carried out work on the processing of spent coolant (cutting fluid) used in mechanical engineering for metal cutting processes. The spent coolant had a strong odor of decomposition (the result of vital functions in the coolant of microorganisms). As a result of processing the spent coolant in the RPAA, the odor of decomposition completely disappeared, and did not occur within a month despite the fact that it was at a temperature of 35 ° C.

In the process of emulsification, the particles of the dispersed phase are deformed, followed by their crushing into smaller ones, as shown in Fig. 25. The conditions for particle crushing arise as a result of rotational-translational and vortex (turbulent) motion of phase particles and a fluid medium in the RPAA, in which liquid flows in the gap between the stationary stator disk and the rotating rotor disk. All particles (droplets) of the dispersed phase are involved in this motion in such a way that the velocity gradient parameter should be considered as an external influence. By this parameter we mean the difference modulo the magnitudes of the velocity vectors at any two points of the moving fluid, referred to the distance between these points. On Fig shows a droplet of the dispersed phase 14, located in the medium 15, with the velocity vectors V ₁ and V ₂ acting at its poles. The velocity vectors directed in different directions are added, and those directed in one direction are subtracted from the larger one. And this value ΔV refers to the distance between the poles of the drop, i.e. to the diameter of the droplet d _k .

The emulsification mechanism depicted in figure 5-8, mathematically it can be represented as follows. In order for the droplet of the dispersed phase 14, which is at rest, as shown in FIGS. 5 and 6, to begin to deform, it is necessary that any external influence on it, for example, the dynamic pressure ΔP _d , be equal to or greater than the capillary pressure P _k , created inside the droplet by interfacial surface tension σ.

where P _k is the capillary pressure inside the droplet of the dispersed phase [N / m ² ], σ is the interfacial surface tension [N / m], d _k is the diameter of the droplet of the dispersed phase [m].

Dynamic head:

where ΔР _d is the dynamic pressure [N / m ² ], ρ is the density of the medium [kg / m ³ ], ΔV is the difference between the velocities V ₁ and V _{2 of the} medium in the vicinity of the droplet (at the poles of the droplet) of the dispersed phase [m / s] ( see Fig. 25). Thus ΔР _д ≥Р _к (Braginsky L.G., Begichev V.I., Barabash V.M. Mixing in liquid media: Physical foundations and engineering methods of calculation. - L. Chemistry, 1984. - 336 l. Ill. ; p. 198).

Acoustic Intensity:

where J is the intensity of acoustic radiation [W / m ² ], P _a is the amplitude of the acoustic pressure [N / m ² ], V _a is the amplitude of the vibrational velocity [m / s] (Ultrasound. Edited by Golyamina I.P. Little Encyclopedia M .: Sov. Encyclopedia, 1979, 400 p). Solving these three equations (1, 2, 3) relative to the bearing and d _k? P _{d = P a, ΔV = V a} , we obtain d _k ≥4 · σ / (2 · ρ · J ^{2) 1/3.} The production of any emulsions, for example, according to the patent of the Russian Federation No. 2052843, class G 03 C 7/32, 01.20.96, Bull. No. 2, with a velocity gradient in the gap between the rotor and stator qradV = (3.0 ... 8.8) -10 ⁶ m / s · m with a gap δ = 10 ^-5 m with a particle diameter of the dispersed phase of the order of 0.05 ... 0.1 μm (5 ^-8 ... 10 ^-8 m) and σ = 6 · 10 ^-3 ... 10 ^-4 N / m is impossible, because to start the deformation of droplets of the dispersed phase with a diameter d _k = 0.05 μm, it is necessary that, with a gap between the rotor and stator δ = 10 ^-5 ... 5 · 10 ^-5 m and a rotor diameter of 200 mm (0.2 m), its frequency rotation would be within n = 5.91 · 10 ⁵ rpm (9.85-10 ³ rpm), while the velocity gradient in the gap between the rotor and stator would be qradV = 6.19-10 ⁸ m / s · m, but not (3.0 ... 8.8) -10 ⁶ m / s · m. The creation of industrial RPA with a rotor disk size of 0.2 m and rotating with a frequency of 591000 rpm (9850 rpm) is currently problematic.

It should be noted that processing liquid fluids in small gaps between a rotating rotor and a stator is ineffective, if only because about 10% of the fluid flows through these gaps compared to 90% of the fluid flowing in the flow channels. This follows from the fact that the area of the flow channel is at least two orders of magnitude larger than the area of the channel formed by the lateral gap between the rotor and the stator. So, with the width of the flow channel 6 mm, taking into account the fact that this channel is completely open and completely closed, we take the width of this channel to be 3 mm. We also assume that the height of the flow channel and the height of the channel formed by the lateral gap δ are equal to each other and are equal to 10 mm each. Thus, the area of the flow channel S _prot = 30 mm ² and the area of the channel formed by the lateral gap δ · S _side (0.01 ... 0.02) -10 = 0.1 ... 0.2 mm ² (see, in addition, RF patent No. 2138555, CL 12 P 7/06, 12/05/97 and RF patent No. 2123266, A 231 L 1/0524, 08 08 37/06, 12/20/98). The maximum linear (circumferential) or portable speeds in these patents are in the range V = 18.32 ... 99 m / s at a flow rate of 10 ... 11 t / h, (m ³ / h) or (0.003 m ³ / s ) Given that the minimum speed in the lateral gap is zero (see the above patents), the average speed in the gap will be equal to half the maximum speed, i.e. V _cp = 9.16 ... 49.5 m / s. The flow rate of the fluid through the channel is defined as the product of the velocity of the fluid flow by the cross-sectional area of the channel. Thus, the flow in the channel formed by the lateral clearance between the rotor and the stator, Q ⁼ _ZAZ 9,16-10 ^-7 ... 9.9 · 10 ^-6 m / sec. If we consider that the flow channels can be of the order of 60, then the flow rate through one flow channel will be 5 · 10 ^-5 m ³ / s. Taking this value as 100%, we determine that the fluid flow through the channel formed by the lateral gap will be from 1.83% to 19.8%, i.e. an average of 10.8%. Here it is necessary to note the following that neither starch-containing raw materials (see RF patent No. 2138555) nor pectin-containing raw materials, for example beet pulp, apple can get into the lateral gap between the rotor and the stator, equal to 0.01 ... 0.02 mm and citrus squeezes, amaranth (see RF patent No. 2123266), because the particle sizes of this raw material are significantly, an order or two orders of magnitude greater than the size of this gap. This circumstance is also confirmed by the fact that the processes of emulsification, dispersion, extraction, pasteurization, conducting sound chemical reactions, changing the dispersed structure of oil and oil products, etc. etc. occur when exposed to: on the corresponding products through the ultrasonic displacement device, in which there are no rotating parts, there is no gap between the rotor and the stator, and therefore, there is no speed gradient in this gap, but there is a non-rotating disk that makes oscillations generated by a special source.

From the above examples it is seen that the scope of the proposed method is very wide. In this case, the RPAA apparatus of the same type can actually be used (see Fig. 4). When using the device drive, regulated on frequency of rotation, of the device, it can be successfully applied in all listed industries.

On Fig presents a diagram of the stand "Laser interferometer", which received the picture presented in figure 1. The rotor disk 9 is mounted in a mandrel on the bed. Through a translucent mirror 45, lens 46, the laser beam from the laser 50 falls onto the disk of the rotor 9. Part of this beam, reflected from the mirror 45 using the mirrors 44 and the lens 46, enters the holographic photographic plate 47. The rotor disk 9 is brought to its end a piezo emitter 49, which can also be brought to the axis on which the rotor disk 9 is mounted. Using a generator 54, an amplifier 55 and a piezo emitter 49, vibrations are generated in the rotor disk 9. Using the microphone 48, the sound level meter 52 and the oscilloscope 53, the maximum sound of the rotor disc 9 is determined, i.e. determines the maximum amplitude of its vibrations (resonant vibrations). In this case, on the photographic plate 47, an unperturbed laser beam is superimposed passing through the reflecting mirrors 44 with a perturbed laser beam reflected from the oscillating rotor. Exposure of the photographic plate 47 occurs when the frequency generated by the excitation system of the piezoelectric radiator 49 coincides with the natural frequency of the rotor disc 9. In this case, the rotor disc 9 does not rotate but only oscillates, however, it is known from literary sources that the rotor rotor disc performs exactly the same vibrations as the disk located on this stand (Ostrovsky Yu.I. Holographic interference methods for measuring deformations. - M .: Nauka, 1988, 248 p.)

The economic effect of using the proposed method lies in the fact that it can be used to more fully carry out chemical reactions, increase the yield of light fractions during oil distillation, better prepare oil at the stage of its preparation for further processing, reduce the viscosity of oil products, lower their flash point and their pour point, pasteurization and sterilization processes, extraction processes, obtaining highly stable ultrathin emulsions and suspensions, etc. at a relatively low energy cost.

Table 1. Material Quality factor Material Quality factor Steel 45 8000 Alum. Alloy 10,000 AMG Steel '25 HVA 6300 Steel 10,000 30HGSA Titanium VT-1 22000 Nickel one hundred Titanium alloy VT 3-1 21000 Ferrite 350 Copper M2 6300 Brass L59 13000

table 2 The name of indicators Samples of emulsions based on bitumen grade BND 90/1303 NBZ GOST 18659-81 LEM-1 * RPAA ** Miscibility with mineral materials (emulsion class) EBK-3 *** EBK-3 *** EBK-1 ***, EBK-2 ***, EBK-3 *** Mass fraction of bitumen with emulsifier,% wt. fifty 60 45-55 Viscosity at 20 ° C, through the drain hole of the viscometer 3 mm, sec thirty 34 no more than 35 Adhesion to mineral materials,% wt. 95 one hundred not less than 95 Homogeneity (residue on a sieve with a mesh size of 0.14 mm),% by weight of the emulsion 0.018 0.006 no more than 0.5 Homogeneity (residue on a sieve with a mesh size of 0.14 mm),% by weight of the emulsion after 7 days 0,023 0.008 no more than 0.5 after 30 days 0.42 0.011 no more than 0.8 in 6 months - 0.1 after 12 months - 0.4 after 18 months - 0.6 Decay Index, g / g 2.43 3.24 - * LEM-1 - laboratory emulsion machine;
** RPAA - according to the proposed method in a rotary-pulsatonic acoustic apparatus,
*** EBK - cationic bitumen emulsion, EBK-1, 2, 3, the emulsion is fast-, medium- and slowly decaying, respectively

Table 3 Extraction mode Characteristics Example Rotor speed Time, sec Hydraulic module t ° C pH of the reaction Mg, thousand cu The degree of etherification,% The output of the packet,% According to the proposed method 5000 60 1:12 42 4,5-4,7 120 70-75 99,2 According to patent No. 2123266 1000 240 1:15 36 4,5-4,7 55 75 56.7

Table 4
Parameters of the wort after processing at RPAA. Wort Mass content of fermentable carbohydrates, g / 100 ml of wort The content of dissolved fermentable carbohydrates, g / 100 ml of wort The content of undissolved starch, g / 100 ml of wort Acidity, deg. RPAA batch processing 15,2 11.8 2,8 0,03 Kneading and saccharification using traditional technology 11.5 9.8 1,1 0.02

Table 5
Comparative indicators of alcohol in the fermentation of wort untreated and processed at RPA Higher Purification Extra Luxury * Experimental alcohol obtained using RPAA Volume fraction of ethanol,% 96.2 96.5 96.3 96.85 Test for oxidizability, min at Т = 20 ° С, not less fifteen 21 twenty 21.3 Mass concentration of aldehydes in terms of acetic and 1 dm ³ anhydrous alcohol, mg, no more four 2 2 1.4 Mass concentration of fusel oil in terms of a mixture of isoamyl and isobutyl alcohols (3: 1) in 1 dm ³ anhydrous alcohol, mg, not more than four 3 2 1.9 Mass concentration of ethers in terms of ethyl acetate in 1 dm of anhydrous alcohol, mg, no more thirty 25 eighteen fifteen Volume fraction of methyl alcohol in terms of anhydrous alcohol, mg, no more 0.05 0,03 0,03 0.01 Mass concentration of free acids (without CO ₂ ) in 1 dm ^{3 of} anhydrous alcohol, mg. no more fifteen 12 8 6.0 Furfural Content Not allowed No * Alcohols "Higher Cleaning", "Extra", "Lux" in accordance with GOST5962-67

Table 6
Desalination Demulsifier The specific consumption of the demulsifier, g / t Processing time, sec The residual water content in oil,% The residual salt content in oil, mg / l one 2 3 four 5 one hundred thirty 3000 rpm Record 118 1.9 580 Record 758 0.9 120 RK 8515 2,5 595 SNPCH-4705 TD1 2.0 720 RENT 2.0 680 one hundred thirty 5000 rpm Record 118 4.7 2136 Record 758 5,6 2325 RK 8515 6.2 3010 SNPCH-4705 TD1 5.2 2678 RENT 4.7 2100 one hundred thirty 7500 rpm Record 118 8.8 9865 Record 758 10.5 12150 RK 8515 4.8 2230 SNPCH-4705 TD1 8.8 9800 RENT eleven 12100 one hundred thirty 10,000 rpm Record 118 1,2 450 Record 758 9.6 11000 RK 8515 3,7 1635 SNPCH-4705TD1 9.0 1254 RENT 5.8 3870

Continuation of table 6 one 2 3 four 5 one hundred 60 3000 rpm Record 118 1,2 445 Record 758 0.5 165 RK 8515 1,5 510 SNPCH-4705 TD1 2,3 879 RENT 1,5 570 one hundred 60 5000 rpm Record 118 4.0 1910 Record 758 8.6 9790 RK 8515 6.0 575 SNPCH-4705 TD1 8.3 9630 RENT 9.0 9907 one hundred 60 7500 rpm Record 118 4.0 1910 Record 758 13.8 9790 RK 8515 1.7 575 SNPCH-4705 TD1 12.6 9 RENT 8.9 9865 one hundred 60 10,000 rpm Record 118 0.01 fifty Record 758 8.7 9700 RK 8515 0.5 175 SNPCH-4705 TD1 9.2 9801 RENT 6.2 550 one hundred 120 3000 rpm Record 118 5,6 2310 Record 758 4.1 1925 RK 8515 4.8 2210 SNPCH-4705 TD1 5.2 2101 RENT 0.01 45

Continuation of table 6 one 2 3 four 5 one hundred 120 5000 rpm Record 118 7.3 4725 Record 758 6.3 3240 RK 8515 8.6 8645 SNPCH-4705 TD1 1.8 190 RENT 10,2 9678 one hundred 120 10,000 rpm Record 118 4.8 2190 Record 758 4.2 1985 RK 8515 4.3 2010 SNPCH-4705 TD1 6.2 3705 RENT 4.0 1885 one hundred 120 without acoustic impact RPAA Record 118 4.6 2105 Record 758 5.8 2405 RK 8515 11.0 13100 SNPCH-4705TD1 9.7 11970 RENT 4.2 2008

Table 7
Dehydration Demulsifier The specific consumption of the demulsifier, g / t Processing time, sec The amount of released water in ml, during the time of sedimentation, min The residual water content in oil,% one 2 3 four 5 6 7 8 9 10 one hundred thirty 3000 rpm Record 118 6.2 7.0 7.1 7.5 7.5 7.5 1.9 Record 758 7.0 8.3 9.0 9.2 9.2 9.3 0.45 RK 8515 4.0 5,0 5.1 5.3 6.0 6.0 2,5 SNPCH-4705 TD1 5,0 5.2 5.8 6.3 6.5 6.8 2.0 RENT 4.0 4.0 5,0 5,0 6.0 7.0 2.0 one hundred thirty 5000 rpm Record 118 3.8 four 4.1 5 5 5 4.7 Record 758 2,8 3,1 3,1 3,1 3,1 3.2 5,6 RK8 515 2,5 2,8 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 6.2 SNPCH-4705 TD1 2,3 2.6 2,8 3.2 3,7 4.0 5.2 RENT 1.8 3.2 3,5 4.7 4.8 4.8 4.7 one hundred thirty 7500 rpm Record 118 2.0 2,5 3.0 3,1 3,1 3,1 8.8 Record 758 0.5 1,5 1,5 2.0 2.1 2.1 10.5 RK 8515 3.2 3.9 4,5 5,0 5,0 5,0 4.8 SNPCH-4705 TD1 1.8 2.0 2.1 2,5 2.7 3.0 8.8 RENT 1,0 1.4 1,5 2 2 2,4 eleven one hundred thirty 10,000 rpm Record 118 3,5 4.2 6.0 7.0 7.5 8.0 1,2 Record 758 3.0 3,1 3,5 3,5 3,5 3,5 9.6 RK 8515 4.0 4.3 5,0 6.1 6.8 6.8 3,7 SNPCH-4705 TD1 2,8 2,8 3.2 3.4 3.6 3.6 9.0 RENT 3.2 3.4 3,5 3,7 3.9 4.3 5.8

Continuation of table 7 one 2 3 four 5 6 7 8 9 10 one hundred 60 3000 rpm Record 118 6.5 4.2 6.0 7.0 7.5 8.0 1,2 Record 758 7.0 3,1 3,5 3,5 3,5 3,5 9.6 RK 8515 7.0 4.3 5,0 6.1 6.8 6.8 3,7 SNPCH-4705 TD1 5.8 2,8 3.2 3.4 3.6 3.6 9.0 RENT 6.2 3.4 3,5 3,7 3.9 4.3 5.8 one hundred 60 5000 rpm Record 118 5.1 7.0 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 1,2 Record 758 3.0 9.0 11.2 12.0 12.0 12.0 0.01 RK 8515 2,4 7.1 7.1 7.3 7.4 7.4 1,5 SNPCH-4705 TD1 3,1 6.0 6.0 6.2 6.3 6.3 2,3 RENT 1.9 6.3 6.6 6.9 6.9 6.9 1,5 one hundred 60 7500 rpm Record 118 6.0 6.0 6.1 6.2 6.3 6.4 4.0 Record 758 1,0 3,1 3,1 3.2 3.2 3.2 8.6 RK 8515 3.6 3.6 4.2 4.2 4.2 4.3 6.0 SNPCH-4705 TD1 0.8 3.4 3.6 3.6 3.6 3,7 8.3 RENT 2.1 2.1 2,3 2.7 2.9 3.0 9.0 one hundred 60 10,000 rpm Record 118 10.5 6.5 6.5 6.5 6.5 6.5 4.0 Record 758 1,2 1,0 1,6 1.7 1.7 1.7 13.8 RK 8515 4.0 5,6 5.8 5.8 5.8 5.8 1.7 SNPCH-4705 TD1 2,4 1,2 1.7 2.0 2.1 2.1 12.6 RENT 3,1 2,4 2,8 3.0 3,1 3.2 8.9 one hundred 120 3000 rpm Record 118 2.0 2,4 3.0 3,1 3,1 3,1 5,6 Record 758 4.0 4,5 5,0 5.1 5.2 5.8 4.1 RK 8515 3,5 4.2 4,5 4.6 4.6 5,0 4.8 SNPCH-4705 TD1 2.6 2,8 3,1 3.3 3.4 3.4 5.2 RENT 9.5 13.5 13.5 fourteen fifteen 16,2 0.01

Continuation of table 7 one 2 3 four 5 6 7 8 9 10 one hundred 120 3000 rpm Record 118 2.0 2,4 3.0 3,1 3,1 3,1 5,6 Record 758 4.0 4,5 5,0 5.1 5.2 5.8 4.1 RK 8515 3,5 4.2 4,5 4.6 4.6 5,0 4.8 SNPCH-4705 TD1 2.6 2,8 3,1 3.3 3.4 3.4 5.2 RENT 9.5 13.5 13.5 fourteen fifteen 16,2 0.01 one hundred 120 5000 rpm Record 118 2.0 2,5 3.4 3.4 4.0 4.0 7.3 Record 758 1,1 2.0 3,1 4.0 4,5 5,0 6.3 RK 8515 0.4 1,0 1,6 2,8 3.0 3.2 8.6 SNPCH-4705 TD1 3.6 4.8 6.0 7.1 7.5 7.8 1.8 RENT 1,2 1.4 1.9 2,3 2,4 2,4 10,2 one hundred 120 7500 rpm Record 118 0.8 1,6 2.0 2.0 2,8 4.0 6.8 Record 758 1,2 3.0 3,7 4.0 5.1 6.2 4.0 RK 8515 1,2 3.0 3,7 4.2 5,0 6.0 4.3 SNPCH-4705 TD1 1,0 1.3 1.4 1,6 1,6 1,6 14.2 RENT 1.3 1.8 2,4 2.7 3.2 3.2 5.8 one hundred 120 max rpm Record 118 1,6 2,4 3.8 4,5 5.5 5,6 4.8 Record 758 0.9 1.8 2,5 4.2 5.2 6.0 4.2 RK 8515 0.9 1.8 2,4 4.0 5,0 6.0 4.3 SNPCH-4705 TD1 0.5 1,1 1.9 2,4 3.6 4.8 6.2 RENT 1.3 1.9 3,5 4.2 5.8 6.2 4.0 one hundred 120 without acoustic impact RPAA Record 118 2.0 3,5 5 5.1 5.1 5.3 4.6 Record 758 3.0 3.0 3,5 3,7 4,5 4.7 5.8 RK 8515 1,0 1,2 2.0 2.1 2.1 2,3 11.0 SNPCH-4705 TD1 0.8 1,6 1.8 2,4 2,4 3 9.7 RENT 2,8 3.9 4,5 5.2 5,4 5,6 4.2

Table 12
Whole milk processing results No. Name of indicator Unprocessed milk RPAA-treated milk at ° C fifty 60 70 80 90 95 98 one Phosphatase response outcount at 0.001 neg. at 1.0 neg. at 1.0 neg. neg. neg. neg. neg. 2 The content of vitamin C, mg /% 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 1.3 1,1 1,0 0.85 The content of vitamin E, mg /% 0.19 0.19 0.19 0.19 0.18 0.16 0.16 0.15 Caratinoids 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 0.02 3 Calcium Content, mg /% 120 120 120 120 120 118 115 112 four OMC, units 2,000,000 5000 2000 220 110 40 twenty 6 5 BGKP, presence. in ml outcount at 0,00001 ret. at 1.0 no no no no no no 6 The diameter of milk fat, microns 4-10 0.8 0.6 0.6 0.5 0.4 0.4 0.3

Table 13 Data Fat content of reconstituted milk Milk / water ratio Processing temperature, ° С Properties of reconstituted milk TBC, u / ml BGKP, units The diameter of milk fat, microns By traditional technology 2.7 1/8 35 72000 outcount in 0.01 ml 2-8 According to the invention 2.7
3.2
7.5 1/8
1/6
1/2 35
35
35 1100
2100
2500 No
No
No 0.6
0.5
0.3

Table 14 Sample No. Processing mode Characteristics Time min Temperature ° C The cell content in 1 ml × 10 ⁶ The number of survivors,% one 1,0 eighteen 11.06 8.43 2 2.0 19 7.31 5.57 3 3.0 twenty 5.62 4.29 four 4.0 21 5.19 3.95 5 5,0 22 5.00 3.81 6 6.0 23 5.00 3.81 7 7.0 24 3.75 2.86 8 8.0 25 2,50 1.90 9 9.0 26 2.00 1,58 10 10.0 27 0.00 0.00 Control sample - eighteen 131.25 one hundred

Claims (1)

The acoustic method of processing fluid media in a rotary-pulsating acoustic apparatus, which consists in a wave action on the medium being processed by periodically alternating and repetitive compression-vacuum-compression waves generated by oscillations of the disk plane of a rotating rotor of various frequencies, amplitudes and intensities, characterized in that these oscillations are generated longitudinal, perpendicular to the plane of the disk sheet vibrations of this disk.

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