RU2288572C1 - Method for alteration of atmospheric air temperature - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: meteorology, in particular, active influence upon weather conditions for alteration of atmospheric air temperature.

SUBSTANCE: method involves enhancing or reducing the process of condensing atmospheric water vapor on atmosphere conductivity ions and creating in atmosphere layer adjoining earth electric potential differing from earth surface potential; cleaning flue and/or industrial gases from contaminations and discharging into atmosphere layer adjoining earth, above populated area; introducing into cleaned flue and/or industrial gases at the output of flue gas tubes chemical reactants for forming of ice crystals; creating above populated area continuous protective cloud cover ensuring keeping of atmospheric air temperature.

EFFECT: reduced consumption of fuel used for heating of municipal systems, increased efficiency in utilization of harmful products, effective protection of environment from pollution, and alteration of air temperature.

2 dwg

Description

The proposed method relates to meteorology, namely to the active impact on the weather, and can be used in the interests of agriculture and the city.

The method of changing the air temperature of the atmosphere includes heating the air by burning combustible substances in it. This method was used, in particular, to disperse fog at the airport [L. Kachurin The physical basis of exposure to atmospheric processes. - L .: Gidrometeoizdat, 1978, p. 257-271]. Fuel was burned while working on the ground of aircraft engines. In this heating method, the ratio of the amount of heat entering the atmosphere to the energy consumption for heating is equal to one.

The disadvantages of the method are the large energy consumption for heating a single volume of air, air pollution by combustion products, the inability to lower air temperature.

Also known is the "Method of changing the air temperature of the atmosphere" (RF patent No. 2107428, A 01 G 15/00, 1998), which is selected as a prototype.

This method consists in enhancing or attenuating the evolution of heat during condensation of water vapor on the conductivity ions of the atmosphere. The change in heat release is carried out by changing the conduction current through the atmosphere. Creating a negative electrical potential relative to it at a certain height from the earth’s surface, they increase the conductivity current through the atmosphere and thereby increase the air temperature. Creating a more positive potential there, lower the air temperature.

It should be noted that the emission of flue and / or industrial gases when chemicals are introduced into them can be used to form clouds in the cold season.

It is known that the presence of cloudiness has a significant effect on the degree of radiation cooling of the underlying surface, leading to an increase in temperature in the layer from the Earth's surface to the level of clouds. Preliminary calculations show that the increase in air temperature in this case can reach 10 ° C or more. Naturally, such an increase in air temperature near the Earth's surface will significantly reduce the fuel consumption for heating large cities, and will lead to significant material savings.

An object of the invention is to expand the functionality of the method by forming clouds in the cold season and increasing the efficiency of changing the air temperature of the atmosphere.

The problem is achieved in that according to the method of changing the air temperature of the atmosphere, which consists in enhancing or attenuating the process of condensation of atmospheric water vapor on the atmospheric conductivity ions and creating in the surface layer of the atmosphere an electric potential different from the Earth’s surface potential, flue and / or industrial gases they are cleaned of contaminants and removed into the surface layer of the atmosphere above the settlement, injected into the cleaned flue and / or industrial gases at the outlet of the chimneys such reagents for the formation of ice crystals and the creation of a continuous cloud cover over the settlement, ensuring the preservation of the air temperature of the atmosphere.

The proposed method is based on the following information in the field of atmospheric physics and theoretical constructions:

1. It is known that the value of air temperature and its changes reflect variations in the power of atmospheric intake and outflow of heat from it. The average heat input to the atmosphere per unit area of the vertical column (P = 185 W / m ² ) consists of three parts:

P = 88 W / m ² - from the heat released during the condensation of steam on aerosol particles;

P = 80 W / m ² - from the power absorbed in the atmosphere by solar wave radiation;

P = 17 W / m ² - from heat entering the atmosphere through turbulent exchange with the earth's surface.

2. Between the earth's surface and the ionosphere there is an electric potential difference of about 3 · 10 ⁵ V, under the influence of which a vertical conductivity current of medium density j = 3 · 10 ^-12 A / m ² flows in the atmosphere. The conduction current is formed from negative ions flowing down from the earth's surface, from positive ions moving down from the ionosphere, and from ion pairs arising in the atmosphere during ionization of air by short-wave and corpuscular radiation of extraterrestrial origin.

3. According to the model of atmospheric electricity, constructed taking into account the screening of the electrostatic field by neutral matter, the troposphere is negatively charged in volume, and the density of the negative space charge decreases in absolute value with height from the surface value to the value in the ionosphere according to the exponential law.

4. Aerosol particles arise in the atmosphere and grow on condensation nuclei.

5. An ion entering the atmosphere, after a split second, turns into an aerosol particle with a radius r _a = 10 ^-9 ÷ 10 ^-8 m

6. According to the Thomson model, the growth of an aerosol particle on an ion in the atmosphere is possible only if the air is supersaturated with steam more than 2 times in the range of radii r _a = 10 ^-10 ÷ 10 ^-9 m due to the large curvature of the particle surface.

7. Since in large cities there are many chimneys of various enterprises and facilities that in the winter season emit flue and / or industrial gases for several hours, and some almost round the clock, the continuous introduction of chemical reagents into the clouds formed will contribute to the creation of cities of "cloud blanket", continuous cloud cover over a significant area.

8. It is important to note that such clouds will be located in the boundary layer of the atmosphere (up to 1000 m) and will exist practically round-the-clock. As a result of this, a significant change in the heat balance in this layer of the atmosphere can be expected, leading to a significant increase in temperature at the Earth's surface, i.e. within the city territory. Preliminary calculations show that the increase in air temperature in this case can reach 10 ° C or more. Naturally, such an increase in air temperature at the Earth's surface within the city territory will significantly reduce the consumption of fuel (coal, fuel oil, electric energy, etc.) that goes to heating cities, and will lead to significant savings in material urban funds.

The proposed method is implemented as follows.

At a certain height h above the earth's surface in an area whose dimensions are comparable to or exceed the screening radius of the electrostatic field (400 m), they create an electric potential that differs from the earth's surface potential. Between the plane at a height h and the ionosphere, a potential difference Φ _{i -} Φ _{h is established} , which creates an electrical conduction current

J ~ (Φ _{i -} Φ _h ).

To increase the conduction current through the atmosphere, the potential Ф _{h is} set more negative than the potential of the earth's surface; to reduce the conduction flux, the potential Ф _h at a height h is set more positive than on Earth. In the first case, the power of condensation heat generation increases, in the second it decreases. Accordingly, with a more negative potential at a height h relative to the Earth, the temperature of the atmospheric air increases, and with a more positive potential the air temperature drops.

Figure 1 shows the change in the meteorological visibility range (MDV) as a result of an increase in air temperature according to the claimed method in the course of experimental work.

To implement the method, a device is used for introducing a space charge into the atmosphere. The device is a network of wires stretched horizontally or obliquely at a height of 6 m or more on an area of 100 × 100 m. A high constant potential is applied to the wires, the sign of which depends on the desire to raise or lower the air temperature. To raise the temperature, negative potential is applied to the wires relative to the ground. In this case, an electric current arises between the wire and the atmosphere, as a result of which the natural space charge in the surface air layer up to hundreds of meters becomes more negative and the atmospheric conductivity current increases. As a result of continuous operation of the device for hours or days, they achieve changes in the average air temperature in a radius of up to 100 km by 5-10 ° C with potentials on the wire U≥-160 Kw.

To lower the air temperature, a positive constant potential is applied to the device wires. The current to the atmosphere during operation of the described device is about 2 mA, which is equal to the natural conductivity current of the atmosphere in a circle area with a radius of 30 km.

It is known that a change in temperature leads to disruption of the natural course of meteorological processes. In particular, an increase in temperature can lead to dispersal of fog, to a suspension of precipitation, etc., and a decrease in temperature can lead to the formation or intensification of precipitation, and the occurrence of fog.

For the formation of clouds in the cold season, use a device whose structural diagram is presented in figure 2.

At the end of the chimney 1, a trap is installed, consisting of a metal cylindrical shell 2, lowered by the lower part into the pipe from above. Inside the shell, one third of its height is inserted from the bottom and welded by flanging to the side of the pipe 3, which separates the peripheral cylindrical layer of smoke with inclusions from the central "clean" stream. In this part of the shell 2 there are intake windows 4 of the loop scrubbers 5. The scrubbers are located on the pipe section 1 around the circumference, and the gas passing through them is returned to the general flow through the outlet windows 6. Inside the scrubbers 5 there are catch plates 7 in the lower part, and in the upper part - reflecting plates 8. Outside, the scrubbers 5 have outlet pipes 9. The latter are grouped into estrus 10, transforming dust particles by gravity into a collector 11. The multi-blade spiral swirler of flow 12 is located directly below the trap (except for disposal tion particularly harmful particles between them when the impeller is a central power), the guide plates 13 are arranged below the swirler. Generators 14.i (i = 1, 2, ..., n) of chemical reagents are placed outside the circumference of the casing with the possibility of releasing chemical reagents into the flue gases at the outlet of the chimney. The control panel 15 is installed at the base of the chimney 1. The control panel 15 is electrically connected to the generators 14.i (i = 1, 2, ..., n).

Hot gas, rising in the pipe 1 and bypassing the guide plates 13, begins to rotate around the axis of the pipe, which is why any solid inclusions are pushed to the periphery of the stream, and the central part of the stream is cleaned of them. The process of concentration of inclusions in the peripheral zone of the gas stream ends already in the multi-vane swirler of stream 12, from which pure gas passes directly to the atmosphere, and 8-10% of the flue gases, together with pollution, enter through the intake windows 4 into the scrubber chambers 5, where they are directed down to the control plates 7 and at the same time along the entire path of movement are cooled. On the plates 7, the total flow stops and the gas loses speed, since it changes direction from bottom to top and exits, bypassing the reflecting plates 8, through the exit windows 6 of a larger cross section, through the intake windows 4. All heavy inclusions, having lost their speed, get stuck on the plates 8 and then through the bypass pipes 9 enter the estrus 10 in the collection 11.

Separation of particles due to rotation in the pipe leads to a significant decrease in the volume of gas with contaminants that need to be cleaned in scrubbers, which allows them to be installed on the upper part of the pipe, not especially loading it with extra weight and not increasing the wind load too much. It is practically possible to carry out scrubbers and the entire trap in the outer dimensions of a brick chimney.

In the cold season, using the control panel 15, generators 14.i (i = 1, 2, ..., n) are turned on, which emit chemicals into the “clean” flue and / or industrial gases leaving the chimney 1. Dispersed Reagent particles falling into the saturated region of flue and / or industrial gases contribute to the formation of ice crystals in them in an amount sufficient to stabilize the clouds formed.

It should be noted that on clear frosty days and nights, clouds form near the chimneys, which usually disappear quickly. To stabilize the clouds formed, chemical reagents are used, for example, silver iodide can be used.

Due to the significant yield of active particles contributing to the formation of ice crystals, using 1 g of silver iodide reagent (AgI), equal to 10 ¹³ ÷ 10 ¹⁵ particles, it is possible to stabilize artificial clouds over large areas. Calculations show that 1 g of AgI reagent is sufficient to stabilize the cloud with a volume of 10 ⁸ ÷ 10 ¹⁰ m ³ for several hours.

Depending on weather conditions and ambient temperature, the quantity and intensity of chemicals released into the flue and / or industrial gases of the chimneys are controlled by control panels.

Thus, the proposed method in comparison with the prototype and other technical solutions for a similar purpose provides an increase in the efficiency of changing the air temperature of the atmosphere. This is achieved by using flue and / or industrial gases emitted from the chimneys and chemical reagents to form artificial clouds, providing a significant increase in ambient temperature within the city territory during the cold season.

In addition, the proposed method allows to utilize many tons of cement or other products, to protect the air environment from pollution, to protect people from diseases and to significantly reduce the fuel consumption (coal, fuel oil, electric energy, etc.) used to heat cities, which leads to to significant savings in material urban funds.

The economic efficiency of the proposed method and device consists in the fact that it is now possible, even through the technical services of factories, factories, municipal municipalities, to manufacture and install the proposed device on chimneys that implements the proposed method.

The simplicity and cost-effectiveness of the proposed method are obvious. It is economical in operation.

Thus, the functionality of the method is expanded.

Claims (1)

A method of changing the air temperature of the atmosphere, which consists in enhancing or attenuating the process of condensation of atmospheric water vapor on the conductivity of the atmosphere and creating in the surface layer of the atmosphere an electric potential different from the earth’s surface, characterized in that the flue and / or industrial gases are cleaned of contaminants and diverted into the surface layer of the atmosphere above the settlement, chemical reagents are introduced into the cleaned flue and / or industrial gases at the outlet of the chimneys to form istallov over ice and creating settlement continuous protective cloud cover, providing preservation of the atmosphere air temperature.

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