RU2288363C2 - Method of operation of steam-gas plant and device for implementing the method - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: heat power engineering.

SUBSTANCE: proposed steam-gas plant recovers heat of exhaust gases in recovery boiler with generation of steam in steam-water duct owing to the fact that exhaust gases are directed tangentially relative to inner surface of cylindrical shell of recovery boiler, and owing to rarefaction in middle part of vortex flow of exhaust gases, air is sucked from atmosphere which, together with water vapors and other components of exhaust gases, are fed to suction system of compressor of gas-turbine plant, and steam is generated on outer surface of cylindrical shell of recovery boiler which is delivered into combustion chamber of gas-turbine plant. Device contains cylindrical shell in center of which atmospheric air suction pipe is installed coaxially to inner surface of housing. outlet of pipeline to intake exhaust gases is directed tangentially to inner surface of cylindrical shell and outlet of pipeline to feed water is arranged outside cylindrical shell in water-steam space in form of truncated cone.

EFFECT: increased economy and improved reliability of operation of steam gas plant, reduced metal usage of recovery boiler.

6 cl, 1 dwg

Description

The invention relates primarily to turbine engines with heat recovery of exhaust gases and may find application in those areas of heat engineering where heat recovery of combustion products is used.

A known method of operation of a gas turbine installation, which consists in compressing air, burning fuel in it, mixing the resulting combustion products with additional compressed air and taking part of the combustion products after their expansion in the turbine and their combined compression with additional compressible air while reducing the flow rate of the latter (A. S. No. 1744290, F 02 C 3/34).

This method, although it implements a rational combustion process, but requires additional energy for additionally compressible air, which reduces the efficiency of the process.

A known method of operation of a combined-cycle plant, which consists in the formation of a working gas-vapor mixture, expansion of the latter in a turbine with the completion of work, the allocation of water from the exhaust gases by drying them through a two-stage water supply to the exhaust gas stream, which is supplied to the recovery boiler to produce water vapor, which is fed into the combustion chamber (RF Patent No. 2208684, F 01 K 21/04).

This method, although it provides the most efficient combined-cycle process in the combustion chamber of a gas turbine installation, increases the resistance in the exhaust tract, which reduces the efficiency of the gas turbine engine.

Of the known methods, the closest to the claimed technical essence is the method of operation of a combined cycle plant by generating power in a gas turbine unit, recovering the heat of exhaust gases in a recovery boiler with steam generation in the steam and water duct of the recovery boiler, and preheating the air by supplying heated water from the steam and water the path of the recovery boiler (RF Patent No. 2001290, F 01 K 23/10).

This method allows the efficient use of the energy of the gases generated in the combustion chamber of the gas turbine unit, but has significant resistance in the exhaust tract, which reduces the efficiency of the gas turbine engine.

A device is known for generating superheated steam of constant temperature, comprising a housing with a heat exchanger located inside it, a throttle, the input of which is connected to the upper part of the internal cavity of the housing, and an output with an input of the heat exchanger, which is located in the lower part of the housing and immersed in liquid (RF Patent No. 2073172 , F 22 G 1/10).

The disadvantage of this device is the need to have a heater located in the working fluid, which reduces the reliability of this device.

A known gas turbine installation comprising a series-connected compressor, a combustion chamber, a turbine, a heat exchanger, a refrigerator, a condenser with heat exchange surfaces made of capillary-porous material with a pore size decreasing in wall thickness in the direction of the coolant (A.S. No. 1746012, F 02 C 7/08).

The disadvantage of this device is the difficulty of manufacturing this design.

The closest in technical essence to the proposed device (prototype) is a waste heat boiler (RF Patent No. 21118650, C 10 J 3/86, F 23 V 1/14), containing a cylindrical body with heat exchanger pipes installed in it, having inlet and outlet ends, means for supplying water to the surrounding pipes, the housing space mounted on the housing, means for supplying hot product to the inlet ends of the pipes and passing through them to provide indirect heat exchange with the water available in the housing surrounding the pipe, medium means for the resulting heat exchange of steam, means for discharging the cooled product and means for controlling the flow in the form of valves installed on each of two bundles of pipes located in the housing.

The disadvantage of this device is the high resistance for exhaust gases that must pass through the pipes, which reduces the efficiency of the gas turbine.

The invention is aimed at increasing efficiency, reliability and reducing the metal consumption of the structure.

To solve these problems in the method of operation of a combined cycle plant by generating power in a gas turbine unit, utilizing the heat of the exhaust gases in the recovery boiler with the generation of steam in the steam and water path of the recovery boiler, the exhaust gases are directed tangentially to the inner surface of the cylindrical body of the recovery boiler and due to the discharge in the middle parts of the vortex flow of exhaust gases are sucked from the atmosphere of the air, which together with water vapor and other components of the exhaust gas is supplied to the suction the compressor system of a gas turbine unit, water is supplied tangentially to the inner surface of the conical wall of the recovery boiler and, by twisting with a successive decrease in the flow radius, is heated and steam is generated from it on the outer surface of the cylindrical body, which is overheated in the pipeline on the inner surface of the cylindrical body and is fed into the combustion chamber gas turbine installation or in a steam turbine and for heat supply purposes.

In the device for implementing the inventive method of operation of a combined cycle plant containing a cylindrical body, means for supplying water, means for supplying a hot product (exhaust gases), means for venting resulting from the heat exchange of steam, and means for venting a cooled product (exhaust gases), a pipe is installed in the center of the cylindrical body coaxially on the inner surface for drawing air from the atmosphere, and the outlet of the exhaust gas inlet pipe is directed tangentially to the inner surface the spine of the cylindrical body into the cavity formed by this surface, the outer surface of the air inlet pipe and the end wall connecting these surfaces, and the outlet of the water inlet pipe is located outside the cylindrical body in a water-vapor cavity having the shape of a truncated cone and is directed tangentially to the inner surface of the conical wall into the space formed by this wall and the end stop adjacent to this wall. When installed in transport, the inlet end of the pipe for sucking air from the atmosphere is installed in the direction of travel of the vehicle on which the combined-cycle plant is installed.

The technical essence of the claimed invention is illustrated in the drawing, which shows a diagram with a schematic design of a waste heat boiler for implementing the method of operation of a combined cycle plant.

Combined-cycle plant contains a compressor 1, a combustion chamber 2, a gas turbine 3 (means for supplying a hot product - exhaust gases), a generator 4, a waste heat boiler 5, which includes: a cylindrical body 6, a conical wall 7, an upper end stop 8, a cylindrical casing a steam cavity 9, a lower end stop 10, an air inlet pipe 11 with an inlet end 12, an end wall 13, a pipe outlet 14 for exhaust gas inlet into the cavity 15, a space 16 for water to enter the water-vapor cavity of the recovery boiler, an annular gap 17 for preheating and supplying steam to the superheater pipe 18, heat insulation 19, exhaust pipe 20, exhaust pipe with water vapor and exhaust gas components 21, hot water tank 22, water pump 23 (water supply means) , check valve 24, control valve 25, filter 26, components of the energy process: 27 - fuel, 28 - air, 29 - air with water vapor and exhaust gas components, 30 - steam, 31 - circulated water supply, 32 - circulated water outlet , 33 - cold water from the master Do, 34 - hot water for consumption, 35 - par for consumption.

Steam installation works as follows.

The air from the atmosphere 28 is sucked into the compressor 1, where it is compressed and fed into the combustion chamber 2, where the fuel 27 is supplied and the combustion process takes place, and the combustion products are fed into the gas turbine 3, which rotates the generator 4. After expansion in the gas turbine 3, the exhaust gases are supplied through the outlet of the pipe 14 of the tangentially inner surface of the cylindrical body 6 into the cavity 15 formed by the inner surface of the body 6, the outer surface of the pipe for air inlet 11 and the end wall 13 connecting these surfaces forming a dense gas stream on the surface, which intensively heats the case 6 during rotation, and then the exhaust gases are removed through the pipe 20. In this case, the rotation of the gas stream inside the case 6 creates a vacuum in the central part of this case, as a result, the atmosphere sucks through the pipe 11 air, which with water vapor with other components of the exhaust gas is supplied in the form of a stream 29 to the suction system of the compressor 1. When installed in transport, the inlet end 12 of the pipe 11 is installed in the direction of travel go means on which the power plant stands. As a result, due to the oncoming air flow with increasing speed, the amount of air supplied with water vapor to the compressor suction system will additionally increase, which will provide high efficiency with a low content of NO _x in the exhaust gases. Water from the tank 22 is pumped 23 by the pump 23 tangentially to the inner surface of the conical wall 7 into the cavity formed by this wall and the upper end stop - 8 and, by twisting with a successive decrease in the radius of the heated water stream, steam is generated from it, which rises into the gap along the outer surface of the cylindrical body - 17 between the inner surface of the cylindrical casing - 9 and the outer surface of the cylindrical body 6, and then fed to the superheater pipe - 18, located on the inner surface the surface of the cylindrical body - 6, where it overheats and through the check valve 24 and the adjustable valve 25 is sent to the combustion chamber 2 in the form of a stream 30, providing a combined cycle. Steam for heat supply is discharged in the form of stream 35, and hot water in the form of stream 34. When the consumption of hot water and steam is reduced for the purpose of heat supply, the amount of steam supplied to the combustion chamber of a gas turbine installation or to a steam turbine is increased.

Thus, the proposed method of operation of the power plant with the proposed design of the recovery boiler allows you to organize an effective combined cycle with low resistance in the exhaust tract and variable consumption of water and steam for heat supply, which provides high efficiency with a low content of harmful emissions, as well as reducing the metal consumption of the boiler -utilizer and increase the service life of a gas turbine.

Claims (6)

1. The method of operation of a combined cycle plant by generating power in a gas turbine unit and recovering the heat of the exhaust gases in the recovery boiler with the generation of steam in the steam and water path of the recovery boiler, characterized in that the exhaust gases are directed tangentially to the inner surface of the cylindrical body of the recovery boiler and due to rarefaction in the middle part of the swirl flow of exhaust gases, air is sucked from the atmosphere, which, together with water vapor and other components of the exhaust gases, is supplied to the suction system compressor of the gas turbine unit, and steam from water is generated on the outer surface of the cylindrical body of the recovery boiler. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that for generating steam from the water in the recovery boiler, water is supplied tangentially to the inner surface of the conical wall of the recovery boiler and is heated by twisting with a successive decrease in the flow radius, the steam is fed into a steam turbine, and also heat supply purposes are overheated in the pipeline on the inner surface of the cylindrical body and fed into the combustion chamber of a gas turbine installation. 3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that while reducing the consumption of hot water and steam for heating purposes, increase the amount of steam supplied to the combustion chamber of a gas turbine installation or a steam turbine, increasing the power of the generator. 4. A device for implementing the method of operation of a combined cycle plant, comprising a cylindrical body, means for supplying water, means for supplying a hot product (exhaust gases), characterized in that a pipe for sucking air from the atmosphere and an outlet for the pipe is installed in the center of the cylindrical body for the exhaust gas inlet is directed tangentially to the inner surface of the cylindrical body into the cavity formed by this surface, the outer surface of the air inlet pipe ha and an end wall connecting these surfaces, and exit conduit for water inlet is disposed outside the cylindrical body in vodoparovoy cavity having a frustoconical shape. 5. The device according to claim 4, characterized in that the inlet of the pipeline for supplying water is directed tangentially to the inner surface of the conical wall of the water-vapor cavity in the space formed by this wall and the end stop adjacent to this wall. 6. The device according to claim 4, characterized in that when installed in transport, the inlet end of the pipe for drawing air from the atmosphere is installed in the direction of travel of the vehicle on which the power plant is installed.