RU2287695C2 - Reaction turbine - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: power engineering.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to turbine plants and it can be used in ship and other power systems. Proposed reaction turbine contains rotor, devices to supply fluid medium with inlet and exit reaction nozzles, axis of exit nozzle is square to turbine radius. Rotor of turbine contains at least four devices to supply fluid medium to exit reaction nozzles and at least one fluid medium ionization device. Each device to supply fluid medium to reaction nozzle consists of at least two nozzles on one axle, at least one nozzle being rigidly or with possibility of axial displacement, engaged coaxially into nozzle following in direction of fluid medium flow forming space between nozzles. At least one space communicates with devices to feed and suck out fluid medium. Ionization devices are arranged in space of one of fluid medium supply device. Pressure sensors are installed in all space, and jet velocity sensors are installed in inlet and exit reaction nozzles. Jet of fluid medium from exit reaction nozzle of fluid medium supply device is directed to inlet nozzle of preceding fluid medium supply device. Rotor has cylindrical housing provided with slots near inlet nozzle of each fluid medium supply device.

EFFECT: simplified design of turbine, reduced specific mass, dimensional and cost characteristics.

2 cl, 2 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of power engineering, namely to stationary and transport turbine installations. It can be used in ship and other energy systems, as well as the power plant of vehicles.

Known jet turbines containing a rotor, a guide apparatus and rotor blades [1].

The disadvantages of these turbines are the complex design of the flow part, which has two types of blading, and the relatively low efficiency.

Known jet turbine containing a rotor, a device for supplying a fluid, an inlet nozzle and an outlet jet nozzle located in the plane of rotation of the turbine, while its axis is perpendicular to the radius of the turbine [2]. This turbine is taken as a prototype.

The disadvantages of the prototype are large hydraulic losses in the supply channels of the working fluid, relatively low efficiency.

The technical result of the invention is to increase the efficiency of a jet turbine through the use of fluid energy, including simplifying the design, reducing the mass and dimensions of the turbine, fuel consumption and fuel reserves necessary for vehicles.

The technical result is achieved by the fact that in the known device consisting of a rotor, fluid supply devices equipped with an inlet nozzle and an output jet nozzle located in the plane of rotation of the turbine, with an axis perpendicular to its radius, the turbine rotor contains at least four fluid supply devices to the outlet reactive nozzles and at least one means of ionizing the fluid. Each device for supplying fluid to the jet nozzle has at least two nozzles on the same axis. In this case, at least one nozzle is rigidly or axially displaceable axially moved coaxially into the next nozzle in the direction of the fluid with the formation of a cavity between the nozzles. Moreover, at least one cavity is in communication with the fluid supply and suction devices. The ionization means are located in at least one cavity of one of the fluid supply devices. Pressure gauges are installed in all cavities, and velocity sensors are installed in the inlet and outlet jet nozzles. A jet of fluid from the outlet of the jet nozzle of the fluid supply device is directed to the inlet nozzle of the previous fluid supply device, the rotor having a cylindrical body in which slits are placed near the inlet nozzle of each fluid supply device.

A jet turbine is shown in FIG. (cross section perpendicular to the shaft). Figure 2 shows a diagram of a device for supplying a fluid to a jet nozzle.

The proposed turbine (Fig. 1) contains a rotor 1 on a shaft 2, a fluid supply device 3 in the plane of rotation of the rotor, 4 spokes, 5 - an input nozzle with a cut, an output (reactive) nozzle 6 with a cut, a cylindrical rotor case 7 (for reducing friction resistance during its rotation), slots 8 on the cylindrical body of the rotor 7 near the inlet nozzle 5, the carrier plate of the rotor 9. The fluid supply device 3 is mounted on the spokes 4 or mounted on the carrier plate 9, including on both sides thereof. The fluid supply device 3 (FIG. 2) comprises a coaxially tapering nozzle 10 with an inlet section 11 and a critical section 12, a tapering nozzle 13 with a critical section 14, and a cavity 15 between these nozzles. In the cavity 15 is placed the means of ionization of the fluid 16 and the valves 17 on the wall of the cavity. Next, along the air flow along the central axis of the block, there follows a nozzle 18 with a critical section 19 and a nozzle 20 with a critical section 21, an output section 22 and an output nozzle with a slice 23. There is a cavity 24 between the nozzles 13 and 18, and between the nozzles 18 and 20 - cavity 25. In this case, the nozzles 10 and 13, as well as 13 and 18, 18 and 20 at the junctions between each other are tight. To the cavities 15, 24 and 25 are connected a device for suction and supply of a fluid medium (gas, for example, air) 26 inside these cavities.

The device operates as follows. Consider the option of an air turbine. Suppose that in one pair of fluid supply devices, for example in a pair (I and III, FIG. 1), in each fluid supply device 3 there is one cavity with air ionization means. Air is ionized in the cavity 15, for example, simultaneously in both fluid supply devices, using one or more ionization means 16 located in the cavity. In this case, the intake valves 17 are closed. Such means of ionization can be electrodes deposited on the inner surface of the cavity wall, connected to the poles of an electric current voltage source, or magnetic strips. The ionization means can also be a source of artificial flux of elementary particles with energies in the range from 10 eV to 1.25 · 10 ⁴⁵ eV or deposited on the walls of the coating cavity containing radioactive elements. Ionization is carried out, for example, by excitation in air in an electric discharge cavity by an alternating electric and / or magnetic field. Or by introducing into the catalyst cavity an ionization process (inert gas (for example, argon), elements of the fourth group of the periodic table of chemical elements (for example, carbon)), etc. As a result of this action, the air molecules (nitrogen and oxygen) are partially destroyed with the release of a large amount heat and kinetic energy [3]. The flow of gas expanded in the cavity 15 flies out to the central axis of the device, entraining (ejecting) air from the external medium through the inlet section 11. Next, the valves 17 open and air is supplied (injected) into the cavity 15 from the external medium or from a source of compressed air. The frequency of such operations (pulsations) is regulated and can be high enough to provide a quasi-continuous nature of the work. This ripple frequency must be sufficient so that the torque starts to spin the turbine. The resulting air flow leaves the jet nozzles 6 of the first pair of turbine fluid supply devices and is directed to the inlet nozzles with a cut of the next fluid supply device. The cut of each nozzle provides the necessary flow direction. It has no means of ionizing air, it consists of 2-3 tapering nozzles with an inlet and outlet nozzle with a cut and with one or two cavities. The air entering these fluid supply devices evacuates the cavities, due to which the flow rate in these devices increases, and additional air is also sucked into the fluid supply devices through the nozzle 10 and slots 8 from the external medium. The additional energy received by the flow in the fluid supply devices II and IV covers all losses of the flow energy (due to friction in devices 3 and others). The turbine will gain a predetermined number of revolutions as soon as the fluid flow rate in all fluid supply devices is the same and corresponds to a predetermined vacuum value in all cavities of devices 3. In the future, the turbine will operate without energy (fuel) consumption due to vacuum energy.

The turbine operation mode considered is not the only one. A variant of the work is possible in which the injection and ionization of air in the cavity 15 are carried out continuously. Then the energy released during the decomposition of air atoms in the cavity 15 will complement, enhance the energy effect of air movement in the turbine fluid supply devices obtained from self-vacuuming of the cavities 24 and 25.

Adjusting the flow rate at the outlet of the turbine in real time is done by controlling the amount of vacuum in the cavities 15, 24 and 25. For this, devices 26 are provided for suctioning air if necessary, increasing the speed and air supply to reduce the flow rate. In this case, the readings of pressure sensors installed in all cavities and speed sensors at the inlet and outlet nozzles of both fluid supply devices are used. To adjust the rate of evacuation of the cavity, you can use the axial movement of the nozzle.

The power of the turbine can be significantly increased when using several proposed designs on the same shaft, while their jet nozzles should be staggered.

Thus, the use of the invention will simplify the design of the turbine, reduce the specific mass-dimensional and cost characteristics, in particular by significantly reducing fuel consumption, fuel reserves (on vehicles).

Used sources

1. A.V. Shcheglyaev. Steam turbines. Theory of the thermal process and turbine design. M.-L.: SEI. 1955, p.136, 199-224.

2. Patent RU 2193669, cl. 7 F 01 D 1/32, publ. 2002.11.27.

3. E.I. Andreev, O.A. Klyucharev, A.P. Smirnov, R.A. Davydenko. Natural energy. - St. Petersburg: Nestor, 2000 .-- 122 s.

4. Patent WO 03/25379, cl. 7 F 02 K 7/00, publ. 2003.03.27.

Claims (1)

A jet turbine consisting of a rotor, fluid supply devices equipped with an inlet nozzle and an output jet nozzle located in the plane of rotation of the turbine, the axis being perpendicular to the radius of the turbine, characterized in that the turbine rotor contains at least four fluid supply devices to the output reactive nozzles and at least one means of ionizing the fluid, each device for supplying fluid to the jet nozzle has at least two nozzles on one axis, with at least one nozzle just or with the possibility of axial movement, it is coaxially inserted into the nozzle next to the flow of the fluid with the formation of a cavity between the nozzles, with at least one cavity communicating with the fluid supply and suction devices, ionization means are placed in at least one cavity of one of fluid supply devices, pressure sensors are installed in all cavities, and velocity sensors are installed in the inlet and outlet jet nozzles, the jet of fluid from the outlet jet nozzle of the fluid supply device is directed to the inlet nozzle of the previous fluid supply device, wherein the rotor is provided with a cylindrical body in which slits are placed near the inlet nozzle of each fluid supply device.

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