RU2287497C1 - Cement grout - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: manufacture of building materials.

SUBSTANCE: cement grout containing Portland cement (22.0-30.0%), ground ashes (10.0-22.0%), organic additive, and water additionally includes ground marly limestone (30.0-52.0%), wherein organic additive is kwass wort concentrate with 60-85% solids (0.05-3%), Portland cement is Portland cement 300, 400, or 500, ground ashes are fly grit having volume mass 2.2-2.6 g/cm³ - brown coal or coal combustion product, ground marly limestone contains 8-20% of clay admixtures, and raw material for preparing kwass wort concentrate consists of at least two components selected from group including rye flour, wheat flour, corn flour, rye malt, barley malt, wheat malt, potato, and starch-molasses production waste. Cement grout of invention in construction of massive concrete hydraulic structures on sea shelf.

EFFECT: reduced usage of Portland cement without loss in strength of cement stone, increased stability and uniformity of cement grout, and reduced water release.

5 cl, 1 tbl, 2 ex

Description

The invention relates to the production of building materials and can be used in the construction of concrete massive hydraulic structures on the sea shelf.

The creation of monumental structures using concrete has been known since ancient times. Studies of the chemical composition of stones from the early Egyptian pyramids in Giza made it possible to speculate on their artificial origin. Cement dough was allegedly obtained by introducing calcite and clay into an aqueous mixture, obtained by crushing and / or dissolving soft marly limestone in a nearby wadi quarry, astringent additives of sodium carbonate from fields in the desert and wadi, as well as ash and powdered lime, obtained by firing soft marly limestone, and from the ashes of plants. There is also information about introducing special additives of silicon oxide - opal ST, phosphate-apatite, as well as aluminate, which are not part of marly limestone from the quarry, into the initial cement paste. Concrete dough was prepared by introducing calcareous fossils from the remains of nummulite shells (a product of the dissolution of marl limestone), limestone and silt fragments (Joseph Davidovits "X-Ray Analysis and X-Ray Diffraction of Casing Stones from the Pryramids of Egypt, and the Limestone of the the Associated Quarries "Science in Egyptology, Proceedings of the Science in Egyptology Symposia, Manchester, UK, pp. 511-520, 1984; Joseph Davidovits, The Pyramids an enigma solved", 1988-2000).

The mechanical strength of this concrete, 85-90% consisting of calcite, is low. The advantage of such concrete is the simplicity of its production and very low environmental pollution during its production, due to the low content of binder obtained by firing the feedstock with the release of a large amount of carbon dioxide.

Known cement dough for hydraulic engineering, containing water and a binder, including Portland cement, ground mineral (gypsum, tuff, ash and slag) and organic additives (RU 98123369 A, C 04 B 7/00, publ. 2000.10.20).

A disadvantage of the known technical solution is the use of a large amount of Portland cement, and as a chemical additive, a condensation product of naphthalenesulfonic acid and formaldehyde, lignosulfonate and sodium sulfate, which creates an unfavorable environmental situation in the production of cement and concrete components.

The objective of the invention is to reduce the use in cement mortars and concrete based on their components, the production of which significantly pollutes the atmosphere, while maintaining a high level of water resistance and high mechanical characteristics.

The technical result of the invention is to reduce the content of Portland cement without reducing the strength of the cement stone, increasing the stability and uniformity of the cement paste, reducing water separation.

The essence of the invention lies in the fact that the cement paste, including Portland cement, ground ash, organic additive and water, additionally contains ground marly limestone, and as an organic additive - kvass wort concentrate with a solids content of 60-85 wt.% In the following ratio of components , wt.%:

Portland cement 22.0-30.0 Ground ash 10.0-22.0 Ground marly limestone 30.0-52.0 Fermented Wort Concentrate 0.05-0.3 Water Rest

In addition, the cement paste contains Portland cement, the brand of which is selected from the group: 300, 400, 500; as ground ash contains ground fly ash with a bulk density of 2.2-2.6 g / cm ³ - the product of the combustion of brown or bituminous coal; marly limestone contains 8-20 wt.% clay impurities, and the raw material for the preparation of kvass wort concentrate contains at least two components selected from the group including: rye flour, wheat, corn, rye malt, barley, wheat, potato, waste starch and syrup production.

It is known to increase the mechanical characteristics of concrete when introduced into cement dough in an amount of 0.01-0.1 additives made from carob pods or beans (Ceratinia siliqua L.), the components of which are various sugars, starch, tannin, mucus, protein and organic acids (KR 8101629, С 04 В 7/352, publ. 10/27/1981; Manfried Palov, Encyclopedia of Medicinal Plants, Moscow: Mir, 1998, p. 43b).

Kvass wort concentrate is a commercial product obtained by standard methods, in particular, including grinding the raw material, cooking it in water, isolating kvass wort and concentrating it. The fermented wort concentrate is an aqueous paste or suspension, which in particular includes peptosans, dextrins, protein, tannins, organic acids and trace elements.

The cement paste according to the invention is prepared by a standard method of mixing dry components and water, followed by the addition of an additive of kvass wort and mixing.

The invention can be illustrated by the examples presented in the table.

Cement dough was obtained using Portland cement without additives brand M400; ground fly ash (example 1) with a density of 2.41 g / cm ³ with a content of silicon oxide of 50.2 wt.%, alumina of 22.6 wt.%, iron oxide of 11.3 wt.%, sodium oxide of potassium 4.2 wt.%; ground ash fly ash brown coal (example 2) with a density of 2.37 g / cm ³ with a content of silicon oxide 55.3 wt.%, alumina 13.4 wt.%, iron oxide 7.4 wt.%, sodium oxide potassium 0.8 wt.%; ground marly limestone with a clay impurity content of 9.3 wt.% and a sieve residue of 0.08 mm 12.8%; kvass wort concentrate with a solids content of 62 wt.%, the raw materials for which were rye flour, rye malt, barley malt (example 1); kvass wort concentrate with a solids content of 70 wt.%, the raw materials for which were potatoes and potato cell juice — a waste of starch and syrup production (example 2).

Table
No. The content of components, wt.% Limit
strength, MPa (under compression at the age of 28 days) Water separation Portland cement Ground ash Ground marly limestone Fermented Wort Concentrate Water one 29.0 20,0 32,0 0.08 rest
(18.92) 38,2 no 2 24.0 12.0 50,0 0.2 rest
(13.8) 36, 4 no

The cement paste of the invention was uniform and stable. The presented results show that cement paste makes it possible to solve not only technical problems, but also economic and environmental ones.

Claims (5)

1. Cement dough, including Portland cement, ground ash, organic additive and water, characterized in that it additionally contains ground marly limestone, and as an organic additive - kvass wort concentrate with a solids content of 60-85 wt.% In the following ratio of components , wt.%: Portland cement 22.0-30.0 Ground ash 10.0-22.0 Ground marly limestone 30.0-52.0 Fermented Wort Concentrate 0.05-0.3 Water Rest 2. The cement paste according to claim 1, characterized in that it contains Portland cement, the brand of which is selected from the group of 300, 400, 500. 3. The cement paste according to claim 1, characterized in that it contains ground fly ash with a bulk density of 2.2-2.6 g / cm ³ as a product of the combustion of brown or bituminous coal as ground ash. 4. The cement paste according to claim 1, characterized in that the ground marly limestone contains 8-20 wt.% Clay impurities. 5. Cement dough according to claim 1, characterized in that the raw material for the manufacture of kvass must concentrate contains at least two components selected from the group comprising rye flour, wheat, corn, rye malt, barley, wheat, potatoes, waste starch production.