RU2287148C1 - Device for determining galling durability of granulated materials - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: testing equipment, possible use for determining galling durability of granulated materials, in particular, cracking catalysts.

SUBSTANCE: device for determining galling durability of granulated materials on basis of remains on the sieve includes testing chamber, held on rod and mounted with possible reciprocal movement ranging from 500 to 1100 times per minute by means of crank mechanism, connecting-rod of which is rigidly connected to piston, positioned in cylinder with possible reciprocal movement therein, while piston is rigidly connected to rod, longitudinal axes of testing chamber, rod, piston and connecting-rod all coincide, while testing chamber together with rod is positioned in dust-catching chamber.

EFFECT: possible differentiation of granulated materials by hardness in broad range of their mechanical properties.

7 cl, 3 dwg, 4 tbl

Description

The invention relates to devices for determining the abrasion resistance of granular materials, in particular cracking catalysts.

When expanding the raw material base of the process of catalytic cracking of petroleum feedstocks, granular cracking catalysts are subject to strength requirements over a wide range.

Existing devices for determining the strength of granular materials do not allow on the same device to determine the strength for materials of different nature, including granular cracking catalysts.

A known method and apparatus for assessing the abrasion resistance of a ball cracking catalyst using airlift (USSR Author's Certificate No. 521501, MKI G 01 N 3/56, 1976). The method consists in the fact that the sample of the catalyst undergoes abrasion during repeated circulation in a stream of air through a closed annular space with a blow-off of the resulting dust. Strength assessment is made by the difference between the mass of the catalyst before and after the test.

The method is implemented in an apparatus that contains a closed air duct made in the form of a torus with an expander and an air supply tube placed inside the expander and mounted on the torus tangentially to its outer wall. The expander is covered with a mesh cover. The granules of the material during the test move a stream of hot air in a closed path.

The disadvantage of this method and device is that they do not allow to distinguish cracking catalysts with a significantly different stability in industrial operation in terms of strength.

A known method and device (USSR Author's Certificate No. 230486, MKI G 01 N 3/56, 1968) for determining the strength of porous dispersed materials. The method consists in the fact that a sample of the sample is placed in the cavity between the outer and inner cylinders and, when rotated, is rubbed against the outer wall of the inner cylinder. Strength characteristic is sample wear time up to 30%.

The device consists of two horizontal concentrically arranged cylinders. The outer cylinder has a perforated surface (use mesh with different mesh sizes), the inner side of which is equipped with blades. The outer cylinder acts as a feeding mechanism. The outer surface of the inner cylinder is covered with notches (knurling). Both cylinders are enclosed in a sealed removable casing in which a dust collector is mounted. The test material is loaded into the cavity between the outer and inner cylinders. When the outer cylinder rotates, particles are captured by the blades and continuously fed to the outer surface of the rotating inner cylinder. The device allows you to change the attrition rate by adjusting the number of revolutions of the inner cylinder.

The disadvantages of the method are the low energy impact on the test sample, not allowing to distinguish very strong samples, as well as the long duration of a single test (from 3 to 8 hours).

Closest to the proposed technical solution is a device for determining the abrasion resistance of granular cracking catalysts using a high-speed hot air lift (information from Engelhard, Samara, June 24-27, 1997).

The device is a reactor into which a sample of the test material is loaded, in combination with a set of instruments and devices for creating and regulating the flow of a hot mixture of air and steam (pressure regulator, pressure gauges, air dryer, dust filter, rotameter, double mixing air with steam). Particles of material wear out by rubbing against each other by sparging through the catalyst bed a hot mixture of air and steam for 90 minutes, while the air flow is adjusted so as to maintain a predetermined height of the fluidized bed of the catalyst.

Strength is quantified by the difference between the weight of the catalyst before and after the test.

The disadvantages of this device are, firstly, the limited use of it only for assessing the strength of very strong materials: low-strength and medium-strength materials have almost the same performance. Secondly, inconvenience in operation due to binding to a steam source; thirdly, a long test cycle.

Thus, a common drawback of all known devices for determining the strength of granular materials, including granular cracking catalysts, including the prototype, is the limited application: either to low-strength or very strong materials.

The objective of this technical solution is to develop a device for determining the abrasion resistance of granular materials by the residue on a sieve, which allows to differentiate granular materials by strength in a wide range of their mechanical properties.

This technical result is achieved due to the fact that the proposed device for determining the abrasion resistance of granular materials by the residue on the sieve includes a test chamber mounted on the rod and installed with the possibility of vertical reciprocating movement from 500 to 1100 times per minute by means of a crank mechanism the connecting rod which is rigidly connected with the piston placed in the cylinder with the possibility of reciprocating movement in it, while the piston is rigidly fastened to the rod, the longitudinal axes of the test chamber, rod, piston and connecting rod coincide, and the test chamber together with the rod is located in the dust chamber, while the gaps between the interacting surfaces of the cylinder and piston are minimal.

The dust collecting chamber is equipped with means for removing dust from it and has an opening provided with a shutter for controlling the dust removal speed. The test chamber has openings and is provided with a cover in which through slots are made. The test chamber and cover are made of wear-resistant material.

The invention is illustrated using the drawings, in which Fig. 1 shows a general view of the device, which consists of a base 1, on which a single-cylinder crank mechanism 2 is mounted, driven by an electric drive 3. A rod 4 is attached to the piston of the mechanism 2, to which the test a chamber for a sample of material 5, and on the cylinder block body a dust-collecting chamber 6 connected to a ventilation system to remove the generated dust 7. The flywheel 8 of mechanism 2 is driven by an electric motor 3 through a driven pulley block 9 and 10 V-belt transmission.

Figure 2 shows the attachment of the test chamber 10 to the rod 9, mounted in the center of the piston 4. The reciprocating movement of the piston 4 is provided by a crank 2 connected to the piston 4 through the connecting rod 3.

Figure 3 schematically shows the design of the test chamber 1 with slots in the cover 2 and holes in the housing 3.

Thus, according to the proposed technical solution, the device for determining the abrasion resistance of granular materials by the residue on the sieve includes a test chamber mounted on the rod and installed with the possibility of vertical reciprocating movement from 500 to 1100 times per minute by means of a crank mechanism, the connecting rod of which rigidly connected to the piston placed in the cylinder with the possibility of reciprocating movement in it, while the piston is rigidly fastened to the rod, the longitudinal axis and pytatelnoy chamber, stem and piston rod are the same, and the test chamber with the rod arranged in the dust collecting chamber, wherein the gap between the cooperating surfaces of piston and cylinder get.

The dust collecting chamber is equipped with means for removing dust from it and has an opening provided with a shutter for controlling the dust removal speed. The test chamber has openings and is provided with a cover in which through slots are made. The test chamber and cover are made of wear-resistant material.

When determining the strength of granular materials, for example, cracking ball catalysts, a 50 cm ³ sample is taken and placed in a test chamber. Set the number of revolutions on the driven shaft (minimum 500 rpm, maximum 1100 rpm) and set the duration of one test cycle (minimum 30 s), turn on the unit. After the end of the cycle, the camera is removed, the sample is screened out on a 2.0 mm sieve and the residue is weighed. If necessary, the residue is returned to the chamber and the test cycle is repeated. As a measure of strength take the ratio of the residue on the sieve to the initial sample,% of the mass.

At the maximum exposure mode (1100 rpm), the results of tests of ball cracking catalyst on the inventive device are close to the test results on the prototype device (table 1). With a minimum test mode (500 rpm) on the inventive device of samples of a low-strength cracking catalyst, results were obtained according to which the samples are quantitatively clearly differentiated, while in the tests for airlift, the samples are almost indistinguishable (table 2).

To determine the error in determining the abrasion resistance on the inventive device of granular materials by the example of ball cracking catalysts, tests were performed on sample 4 with a test mode of 750 rpm and 1000 rpm with a test time of 250 to 1500 sec, 6-7 definitions each mode. In the table. 3 and 4 show the test results. The average error of determination does not exceed 2.2% rel.

An analysis of the results leads to the conclusion that the proposed device allows to accurately differentiate granular materials, including cracking catalysts, by abrasion resistance in a wide range of their mechanical properties.

Specification.

Figure 1: 1 - base;

2 - single-cylinder crank mechanism;

3 - electric drive;

4 - stock;

6 - dust collecting chamber;

5 - test chamber;

7 - to the dust exhaust system;

8 - flywheel;

9 - pulley block;

10 - V-belt transmission.

Figure 2: 1 - cylinder;

2 - crank;

3 - connecting rod;

4 - the piston;

5, 6 - oil scraper rings;

7 - rod mounting to the piston;

8 - dust collecting chamber;

9 - stock;

10 - test chamber.

Figure 3: 1 - test chamber;

2, 4 - cracks in the cover of the test chamber;

3 - holes in the housing of the test chamber.

Table 1
Comparison of the residue on a sieve of 2.0 mm from the test time on the inventive device with a reciprocating movement of 1100 times per minute and under conditions of high-speed hot air-lift according to the prototype,% mass. No. p / p Time since the start of the test, sec The residue on a sieve on the inventive device,% of the mass. Time since the start of the test, sec The residue on the sieve in the conditions of high-speed hot air lift according to the prototype,% of the mass. Sample No. 1 Sample No. 2 Sample No. 3 Sample No. 1 Sample No. 2 Sample No. 3 one 0 one hundred one hundred one hundred 0 one hundred one hundred one hundred 2 250 38 80 72 1350 40 80 73 3 500 thirty 70 66 2700 32 70 67 four 750 26 59 59 4050 27 60 60 5 1000 22 56 fifty 5400 23 55 51 6 1250 19 42 49 6750 twenty 41 fifty 7 1500 17 36 46 8100 eighteen 37 47 8 1750 16 thirty 42 9450 16 thirty 42 9 2000 fourteen 25 39 10800 fourteen 25 39 10 2500 12 17 34 12150 12 17 33 eleven 3000 9 10 28 13500 9 10 29th 12 3500 8 7 25 14850 8 7 24 13 4000 7 3 21 16200 7 3 21

table 2
Comparison of the residue on a sieve of 2.0 mm from the test time on the inventive device with a reciprocating movement of 500 times per minute and according to the airlift method (AS USSR No. 521501),% of the mass. No. p / p Time since the start of the test, sec The remainder of the sample on the inventive device,% of the mass. The remainder of the sample on airlift,% of the mass. Sample
Number 4 Sample No. 5 Sample No. 6 Sample No. 4 Sample
Number 5 Sample No. 6 one 0 one hundred one hundred one hundred 2 thirty 98.5 99.9 99.8 3 60 98.0 99.8 99,2 four 90 96.3 99.7 99.0 5 120 95.6 99.7 98.6 6 150 95.3 99.6 98.3 7 180 93.9 99.5 97.6 8 210 93.0 99,4 97.1 9 250 92.2 99.3 96.5 10 500 88.7 99.3 95.8 eleven 750 85,2 99.3 95.0 12 900 85.0 99,2 94.1 98.6 99.9 99.9

Table 3
The strength (the remainder of the sample screened on a 2.0 mm sieve) of the catalyst in the test time on the inventive device,% mass. Shaft rotation speed 750 rpm. No. p / p Time since the start of the test, sec The remainder of the sample screened on a sieve of 2.0 mm,% of the mass. The average value,% of the mass. The current deviation,% of the mass. The average error of determination,% of the mass. Accuracy,% rel. one 250 92.2; 92.5; 91.9; 91.5;
91.5; 88.9; 90.6 91.3 0.9; 1,2;
0.6; 0.2;
0.2; 2.4;
0.7 0.9 1.0 2 500 88.9; 88.6; 89.3; 88.6;
88.6; 85.0; 87.0 88.0 0.9; 0.6;
1.3; 0.6;
0.6; 3.0;
1,0 1.3 1,5 3 750 86.3; 86.0; 86.3; 85.3;
85.7; 82.7; 84.0 85,2 1.1; 0.8;
1.1; 0.1;
0.5; 2.5;
1,2 1,2 1.4 four 1000 82.7; 83.1; 83.4; 82.4;
82.7; 79.8; 81.1 82,2 0.5; 0.9;
1,2; 0.2;
0.5; 2.4;
1,1 1.2 1,5

Table 4
Strength (the remainder of the sample screened on a sieve of 2.0 mm) during the test on the inventive device,% mass. The shaft rotation speed is 1100 rpm. No. p / p Time since the start of the test, sec The remainder of the sample screened on a sieve of 2.0 mm,% of the mass. The average value,% of the mass. The current deviation,% of the mass. The average error of determination,% of the mass. Accuracy,% rel. one 250 86.4; 86.9; 86.7; 86.2;
86.7; 86.4 86.6 0.2; 0.3;
0.1; 0.4;
0.1; 0.2 0.2 0.25 2 500 78.6; 79.2; 79.0; 79.3; 78.5; 79.0 78.9 0.3; 0.3;
0.1; 0.4;
0.4; 0.1 0.3 0.4 3 750 71.4; 71.8; 72.3; 72.5; 72.0; 71.4 71.9 0.5; 0.1;
0.4; 0.6;
0.1; 0.5 0.5 0.70 four 1000 64.4; 64.5; 65.7.65.6; 65.2; 64.1 64.9 0.5; 0.4;
0.8; 0.7;
0.3; 0.8 0.9 1.4 5 1500 50.5; 50.3; 52.0; 52.9; 50.5; 49.3 50.9 0.4; 0.6;
1.1; 2.0;
0.4; 1,6 1,1 2.2

Claims (7)

1. A device for determining the abrasion resistance of granular materials by the residue on a sieve, including a test chamber mounted on a rod and installed with the possibility of vertical reciprocating movement from 500 to 1100 times per minute by means of a crank mechanism, the connecting rod of which is rigidly connected to the piston placed in the cylinder with the possibility of reciprocating movement in it, while the piston is rigidly fastened to the rod, the longitudinal axis of the test chamber, rod, piston and connecting rod coincide they are located, and the test chamber, together with the stem, is placed in the dust collecting chamber. 2. A device for determining the abrasion resistance of granular materials by the residue on the sieve according to claim 1, characterized in that the gaps between the interacting surfaces of the cylinder and piston are minimal. 3. A device for determining the abrasion resistance of granular materials according to the residue on the sieve according to claim 1, characterized in that the dust chamber is equipped with means for removing dust from it. 4. A device for determining the abrasion resistance of granular materials according to the residue on the sieve according to claim 1, characterized in that the dust collecting chamber has an opening provided with a shutter for controlling the dust removal speed. 5. A device for determining the abrasion resistance of granular materials according to the residue on the sieve according to claim 1, characterized in that the test chamber has openings and is equipped with a lid. 6. A device for determining the abrasion resistance of granular materials according to the residue on the sieve according to claim 5, characterized in that slots are made on the cover of the test chamber. 7. A device for determining the abrasion resistance of granular materials according to the residue on the sieve according to claim 1, characterized in that the test chamber and the cover are made of wear-resistant material.

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