RU2285793C2 - Well bottom zone treatment method, oil cracking method and device for above methods realization - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: oil production, transportation and refining, particularly methods for physical-chemical high-viscous hydrocarbon cracking, for oil production and injection well bore and well bottom zone treatment, for treating wells after repair and water-intake wells, in underground leaching, for in-situ light-weight hydrocarbon production in separate well to obtain light-weight hydrocarbons having predetermined physical and chemical properties.

SUBSTANCE: method involves diagnosing well bottom zone of formation; applying acoustic action to well bottom zone with the use of vibration oscillating members; correcting treatment parameters subsequent to feedback results. The acoustic action is applied with the use of acoustic fields simultaneously acting in vertical and horizontal directions. The well bottom zone is simultaneously treated with axially helical acoustic field which is discrete in space. The axially helical acoustic field is created by vibration oscillating member switching to provide creation of p-dimensional field net structure. Ultrasonic hydrocarbon composition cracking method and device for above methods realization are also disclosed.

EFFECT: possibility to change oil physical and chemical properties, increased oil well output and reduced oil production and transportation costs, improved efficiency of well treatment and cracking process due to reduced production cycle time and power inputs for technological process performing, possibility to eliminate equipment used for oil conditioning and refinery.

27 cl, 13 dwg, 27 ex, 54 tbl

Description

The group of inventions relates to the field of oil production, transportation and refining, increasing oil recovery and intensification of oil production.

The group of inventions can be used for processing oil production and injection wells, wells after overhaul, wells stopped for development and control of their testing and start-up, in water wells, in the technology of underground leaching and in pipeline transport of viscous oil products. The group of inventions can also be used to increase the productivity of wells and reservoir rocks, stimulate and increase the productivity of oil wells, to clean product pipelines and tanks and remove sludge from them and, in addition, to increase the efficiency of the cracking process, especially cracking heavy and / or viscous oils.

TECHNICAL LEVEL ANALYSIS

There is a method of processing the bottom-hole zone of the well by acoustic impact on the oil-bearing formation, which consists in the fact that areas with reduced filtration properties are distinguished, the formation is treated pointwise with an ultrasonic field intensity of at least 0.2 W / cm ² , and after each irradiation, the signal is adjusted to the moment of stabilization of the filtration properties, and the assessment of the filtration properties is carried out indirectly by the readings of the downhole pressure sensor, flow meter, etc. parameters - see, for example. The method of acoustic impact on the bottom-hole zone of reservoirs. - In the patent of the Russian Federation No. 2026969, 01/20/95 [1].

The disadvantage of this method is its relatively low efficiency, which is manifested in an indirect assessment of the condition of the well and an unreliable reflection of the processes occurring as a result of acoustic irradiation, which leads to an increase in the complexity by determining the dynamics of recovery (well) by periodically measuring it in breaks between irradiation cycles with subsequent comparison with previous results. In addition, the method allows you to act only on the bottom-hole zone and does not provide acoustic impact on the entire productive gas-oil formation.

These disadvantages are partially eliminated in the known method of acoustic impact on the oil and gas bearing formation, which in its technical essence and the achieved result is the closest to the declared one and consists in performing diagnostics of the bottom-hole zone, subsequent irradiation of the bottom-hole zone with an acoustic field with an ultrasonic field intensity of at least 10 W / cm ² and adjusting the parameters of the irradiation mode according to the feedback results - see, for example, Podobed BC Method of acoustic impact on an oil and gas bearing formation. - In the patent of the Russian Federation No. 2140534, Е 21 В 43/25, 10.27.99 - PROTOTYPE [2]. Moreover, according to the known method, the acoustic effect is carried out in stages of vertically and horizontally directed acoustic fields at the same time, moreover, in the first stage, with the formation of a standing wave in parts of the space bounded by the borehole pipes, and in the second stage, with the formation of a traveling wave in the perforation zone with a resonant frequency of the structure formation with fluids, and feedback is the frequency dependence of the amplitude of the signal received from the backscattered acoustic field.

However, the above disadvantage - the low efficiency of the known method - is preserved. It manifests itself in the fact that it is practically impossible to obtain a standing longitudinal wave in the annular space between the emitter and the borehole walls due to the superposition of the waves that are direct and reflected from the borehole wall. This is due to the fact that in the known method, the emitters in the well are placed on a cable with a transverse annular gap. Therefore, during the operation of emitters, due to the fact that the alignment of the projectile and the well is violated, as well as due to the presence of deposits of highly viscous hydrocarbons on the walls, the size of the annular gap inevitably changes. As a result of this, the condition for the formation of a standing wave in this space is not satisfied, since the condition of the multiplicity of the gap and a quarter of the wavelength is continuously violated, i.e. λ / 4.

According to the known method, a similar situation also occurs in the area between the downhole tool and the bottom (bottom base) of the well. The vertical acoustic field with a standing wave generated by the emitters is technically difficult to implement here because of the constant change in both the distance from the source to the bottom of the well and the shape of the bottom surface of the bottom of the well.

In addition, the disadvantage of this method is that the creation of acoustic fields with a resonant frequency of interaction of the mechanical system "source - fluid reservoir" is practically impossible due to such reasons as:

- continuous change in the parameters of the rocks - reservoirs during processing of the bottomhole zone of the well, primarily a continuous change in their fluid saturation and, as a result, the inconstancy of the resonant frequency of the said system;

- the need for constant adjustment of the resonant frequency of the emitters;

- continuous change in the frequency characteristics of the generator-emitter system;

- the inability to adjust the output acoustic power of the emitter, because in the known method, this value is constant and does not depend on time.

The disadvantage of this method is that the feedback in it is hypothetical, since it implies the presence of a frequency dependence of the amplitude of the received signal received from the backscattered acoustic field. However, at the current level of development of technology, it is impossible to process these signals at the pace of the process of acoustic impact on the bottomhole zone and formation. As a result of this, it is difficult to timely and correctly select the useful signal from the complex feedback signal, process and identify the spectral characteristics of the reflected signal with the parameters of the control action supplied to the input of the generator and other devices that control the frequency and amplitude of the acoustic field.

The implementation of the known method is also complicated by the existence of a rather long line (with distributed parameters) of feedback and control between the feedback sensor - a downhole acoustic receiver and a control device (computer) located on the earth's surface. Here, inevitably, difficulties arise in tuning the wave characteristics of the communication channel, as well as in restoring distorted information in analog form when it is transmitted to the surface, in its processing in a computer, and in the timely issuance of control actions from the ground computer to the actuating elements located in the downhole tool. Such a control channel is very late in the processes of data transmission, their analysis, decision making on the control action and its magnitude and duration. Based on the above, the known method does not provide operational processing of information and is not high-speed. As a result, this negatively affects the speed and quality of the known method as a whole.

The known method also does not solve the problem of cleaning the inner surface of the casing string from deposits, primarily from deposits of highly viscous hydrocarbons, as well as ensuring the transportation of hydrocarbons produced from the formation from the bottom to the wellhead. This is because the known method ignores the state of the annular space, which in practice can be filled with paraffin and other deposits, which reduce the flow area, resulting in increased hydraulic losses for oil rise and reduced depression on the reservoir.

According to the known method, the downhole tool is delivered to the bottom inside the tubing string (hereinafter - tubing). This indicates its small size, and therefore, the relatively low (insufficient) power of the acoustic field generator, since the inner diameter of the tubing usually does not exceed 0.06 m.

The disadvantages of this method also include a narrow focus in its use - exclusively for processing the bottom-hole zone. Which makes it inappropriate to widely use the known method, since in this case the produced oil is difficult to extract from the well. From this it follows that the known method can only be used sporadically, namely for processing bottom-hole zones of wells with low-viscosity oil.

Finally, a disadvantage of the known method is also that the creation of a stable uncontrolled acoustic field at the bottom of the well with constantly high intensity (more than 10 W / cm ² ), as is the case in the known method, will invariably contribute to the conditions for converting oil into a wide fraction of light hydrocarbons (including gases), which negatively affects the productivity of the well and its emergency safety.

The well-known method of thermal cracking of petroleum products, that is, the method of thermal decomposition of heavy oil fractions in the presence of a catalyst, see, for example, M.G. Rudin, A.E. Drapkin. Oil refinery quick reference. - L .: Chemistry, 1980. - S. 65-67 [3].

The method is intended for the thermal production of light petroleum products and consists of the following basic operations: heating the raw material to a temperature of 470 ÷ 545 ° C at a pressure of 2.2 ÷ 2.8 MPa; evaporation of raw materials and subsequent fractional decomposition of steam of petroleum products at a temperature of 210 ÷ 500 ° C and a pressure of 0.8 ÷ 2.5 MPa.

The known method is not effective enough due to the considerable duration of the process, its high energy intensity and the need for significant capital costs.

The method of catalytic cracking of petroleum products is well known, that is, the method of thermal decomposition of heavy oil fractions in the presence of a catalyst - see, for example. M.G. Rudin, A.E. Drapkin. Oil refinery quick reference. - L .: Chemistry, 1980. - P.70-73 [4].

The method consists in carrying out the following operations: heating hydrocarbon raw materials to a temperature of 470 ÷ 500 ° C at a pressure of 0.06 ÷ 0.24 MPa; mixing raw materials with water vapor and a catalyst; processing the resulting mixture in a reactor with catalytic decomposition of raw materials; subsequent separation into liquid and vapor phases; catalyst separation; fractional distillation of the mixture at temperatures up to 500 ° C and a pressure of 0.06 ÷ 0.24 MPa and regeneration of the catalyst at a temperature of 390 ÷ 670 ° C and a pressure of 0.2 ÷ 0.24 MPa.

The known method partially eliminates the above-mentioned disadvantages by reducing energy consumption by reducing the ranges of operating temperatures and pressures, however, its efficiency remains relatively low, since the duration of the process, its energy intensity and capital costs are still quite high.

Thus, well-known methods of thermal and catalytic cracking are imperfect and require large capital costs and energy costs.

A further increase in the efficiency of the cracking process was carried out in the known method of ultrasonic cracking of hydrocarbon compounds, which is the decomposition of hydrocarbon compounds, which is carried out in an ultrasonic reactor using a mixture of these compounds with water - see, for example, Rodionov V.E., Wenger E.F. Method for ultrasonic cracking of hydrocarbon compounds. - In the patent of Ukraine No. 37716, C 10 G 15/00, 05/15/2001 [5].

In the known method, the effect on the mixture is performed layer by layer in the cross section of the reactor with an ultrasonic vibration frequency of 20 ÷ 100 kHz and an ultrasonic field intensity of 4 ÷ 20 W / cm ² in one layer and an ultrasonic vibration frequency of 100 ÷ 2500 kHz and an ultrasonic field intensity of 4 ÷ 30 W / cm ² , while the mixture is fed into the reactor cooled to a temperature of 10 ÷ 60 ° C, and the gas-gas mixture obtained after decomposition is cooled and separated in separate chambers, the remainder of the untreated water-hydrocarbon compound mixture in a closed cycle with Nova is fed into the zone of the ultrasonic reactor. At the same time, in the cracking process, a mixture of hydrocarbons with water is metered, the gas fraction obtained as a result of cracking, with the addition of molecular hydrogen, is fed into the water decomposition zone, the hydrogen peroxide produced in the water-hydrocarbon compound mixture is removed to a separate tank by settling, the resulting gas condensate is transported into a separate container at a temperature of 20 ÷ 60 ° C.

The known method provides the possibility of cracking hydrocarbon compounds with reduced energy and funds compared with high-temperature catalytic cracking, i.e. its effectiveness is relatively higher. However, the known method also has several disadvantages, namely:

- the known method requires a reactor in the cavity of which the processing of the mixture "water - hydrocarbon compound" is carried out. The reactor must have the appropriate dimensions and strength characteristics;

- in the known method requires the location of the active acoustic elements outside the reactor zone, pairwise and cumulative adjustment of the exact distance between them to ensure coherence and the creation of a standing wave in the range of 10 ^-6 ÷ 10 ^-10 m;

- in the known method does not indicate the conditions for the occurrence of a zone of developed cavitation process, its geometric, temporal, energy characteristics and thermodynamic conditions;

- in the known method use part of the reactor volume, which consists of two working layers, while the rest of the reactor volume is passive with respect to the mixture that fills the reactor, which also reduces the effectiveness of the known method;

- the known method requires an installation for cooling the gas-gas mixture and its separation, as well as additional chamber-containers;

- the known method requires a return cycle, i.e. the working mixture must be run through the reactor many times to ensure the homogeneity of the final product;

- the known method gives a substandard product containing gas condensate and other undesirable additives;

- in the known method there is no system for automatic control of cracking modes and a system for synchronous quality control of the product;

- in the known method does not provide for the possibility of cleaning the inner surface of the reactor from deposits of hydrocarbon materials and products of its processing;

- the known method does not protect the inner surface of the reactor from cavitation

The disadvantages of this method should also include its applicability only for oil previously extracted from the bowels and delivered to the place of processing, as well as for prepared hydrocarbon compounds - it cannot be applied in the conditions of the oil field.

Therefore, the effectiveness of the known method is relatively low.

These drawbacks were partially eliminated in the method of ultrasonic cracking of hydrocarbon compounds, which is the decomposition of hydrocarbon compounds and which consists in the fact that the decomposition of a water-hydrocarbon compound mixture is performed in layers parallel to the cross section of an ultrasonic reactor with the frequency of ultrasonic waves 20 ÷ 100 kHz and the intensity of the acoustic field 4 ÷ 20 W / cm ² in one layer and the frequency of ultrasonic waves 100 ÷ 2 500 kHz and the intensity of the acoustic field 4 ÷ 30 W / cm ² in the second layer - see, for example, Rodionov V.E., Wenger E.F. Method for ultrasonic cracking of hydrocarbon compounds. - In the patent of Ukraine No. 41575, C 10 G 15/00, 09/17/2001 - PROTOTYPE [6].

In the known method, the standing wave mode is carried out in the middle of the mixture conversion region, while in the layer of water decomposition into H ⁺ and OH ⁺ ions, the action of ultrasonic waves is carried out over the entire cross-sectional area of the water-hydrocarbon compound mixture without creating a standing wave mode. This implementation of the known method partially eliminates the aforementioned disadvantages and somewhat increases its effectiveness. However, the effectiveness of the known method remains relatively insufficient. In addition, the known method does not provide the ability to carry out the cracking process of oil in the downhole space. The process in the known method is uncontrollable.

A device for vibro-acoustic impact on an oil reservoir, which contains a ground-based power supply and control panel with a power rectifier, a high-frequency generator module, comprising a frequency driver stage unit, a power amplifier unit, a load matching unit and a signal modulation unit, a ground electrical connector communicated through the power supply a cable with an electrical connector for a downhole vibro-acoustic device, in the housing of which there is a vibro-acoustic emitter module, and, in addition, contains a safety block k, a rectifier control unit, a signal modulation control unit, a signal modulation indication unit, a resonance chamber module, formed by two ends that overlap the cavity of the downhole vibroacoustic device and its body, made along the height of the resonance chamber with slots, and the height of the resonance chamber is a multiple of a quarter of the elastic wavelength well fluid - see, for example, Efimova S.A. Device for vibroacoustic impact on an oil reservoir. - In the patent No. RU 2129659, 07/22/98, E 21 B 43/25, 28/00 [7].

The disadvantages of this device are its non-autonomy, isolation of the emitter from the space containing fluids, the presence of a resonant chamber as an additional transfer link, in which additional absorption of acoustic energy occurs, a large inertia of the device due to the remoteness of the downhole tool from the ground control equipment, and the lack of feedback between downhole characteristics fluids and downhole tool operating modes, etc.

The closest to the claimed in its technical essence and the achieved result is a device for acoustic impact on the bottom-hole zone of productive formations, adopted as a prototype - see Pechkov A.A., Kuznetsov O.L., Dryagin V.V. A device for acoustic impact on the bottom-hole zone of reservoirs. - In patent No.RU 2026970, 01.20.95, E 21 B 43/25 - PROTOTYPE [8], as well as Pechkov A.A., Kouznetsov O.L., Drjaguin V.V. Acoustic flow stimulation method and apparatus. - In patent No. US 5184678, 02/09/93, E 21 B 43/24, 43/25 [9].

The device comprises a ground unit connected via cable to a downhole tool consisting of a generator, an acoustic emitter and a sensor. The downhole tool is made three-section with a locator of couplings and a converter. An acoustic emitter is located in the lower section, a generator in the middle section, and a coupling locator and sensor in the upper section.

This device has the same disadvantages as mentioned above.

In addition, since a geophysical cable is provided for lowering this device to the bottom, the known device cannot be lowered onto the tubing, which negatively affects the stability of the device in the bottomhole zone of the well.

This device does not allow you to effectively act on fluids located in the annular space bounded by the casing, since the vibrating elements are in a closed oil-filled casing. Therefore, this casing absorbs most of the acoustic energy of the emitters. In addition, the cavitation process takes place in a closed casing, which also negatively affects the process of energy transfer outside the downhole tool. Moreover, coalescence effects may occur in it (the formation of large gas bubbles in the casing with abnormal gas pressure), which can lead to deformation of the casing and its destruction. The use of a bellows in this device as a pressure compensator is not able to eliminate the high excess pressure that occurs in gas bubbles.

TECHNICAL PROBLEM SOLVED BY THE INVENTION

The technical problem posed in the claimed invention is to increase efficiency by reducing the duration and energy intensity of the process, as well as reducing capital costs.

SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION

The problem is solved by the fact that in the known method of processing the bottom-hole zone of the well by acoustic impact on the oil-bearing formation, in which the bottom-hole zone is diagnosed, the bottom-hole zone is irradiated with a system of vibrating elements (ultrasonic emitters) with the parameters of the irradiation mode adjusted by feedback results, while acoustic exposure (irradiation) is carried out by means of simultaneously acting vertically and horizontally directed acoustic fields , according to the invention, the bottom-hole zone is additionally exposed to a spatially discrete axial-screw acoustic field, moreover, this effect is carried out simultaneously with the action by means of vertically and horizontally directed acoustic fields, while the axial-screw acoustic field is created by switching vibration-generating elements (emitter) with the possibility of creating (n - dimensional) field honeycomb structure.

A horizontally directed acoustic field of a traveling wave is created in the form of a rotating horizontally directed acoustic field with a rotation frequency ω.

The rotation frequency of a horizontally directed acoustic field is adjustable and is ω = 0.001 ÷ 10 MHz.

The rotation of the acoustic field is carried out with the possibility of inertia-free change of direction of rotation.

The horizontally directed acoustic field of the traveling wave creates an adjustable frequency to provide a multi-resonance mode of interaction between the formation rock and the fluid.

As feedback, additionally use the amplitude-phase-frequency characteristics of the reflected wave, as well as quantitative and qualitative parameters of the fluid.

The fluid parameters used for feedback are selected from a series consisting of fluid density, viscosity, vertical speed, temperature, pressure, gas content, fractional composition, and combinations thereof.

In addition, the problem is solved by the fact that in the known method of ultrasonic cracking of hydrocarbon compounds, mainly crude oil, which is the conversion of these compounds, including their decomposition, which is carried out in an ultrasonic reactor using a mixture of these compounds with water and gas dissolved in oil, wherein the acoustic (ultrasonic) subjecting the mixture to operate layers parallel to the cross-section of the ultrasonic reactor, wherein in the decomposition of water into H ⁺ ions and OH ⁺ and transformation The mixture “water-hydrocarbon compound with gas dissolved in it” carries out a standing wave mode, and the effect of ultrasonic waves on the mixture being processed is carried out over the entire cross-sectional area of the mixture taking into account the results of monitoring the cracking results. According to the invention, the annulus of the oil and gas well is used as an ultrasonic reactor between the active surface of the emitter and the inner surface of the walls of the well and / or reservoir, and the action of ultrasonic waves is carried out on all the volume of the reactor core occupied by the “water – hydrocarbon compound with dissolved gas” mixture, while the process (cracking process) is conducted in the developed cavitation mode in the treated mixture with the transition of liquid hydrocarbons and water to the vapor – gas phase, rupture of water molecules and (long ) hydrocarbon molecules that make up the oil into its constituent parts (radicals) and hydrogenation and / or alkylation of the latter to form light hydrocarbons, and to create an acoustic field using a device (cavitator), which is placed in onet (cracking process) and with the help of which they form an acoustic field of a given direction (geometric shape), periodicity (frequency), intensity (power) and quantization (dosage) necessary (and sufficient) to create a stable oriented cavitation flow, in which cracking of oil and its (downhole) transportation to the wellhead (wells).

In this case, a dosed, non-stationary, spatially distributed, moving in the vertical, horizontal and axial-screw directions acoustic field is used in the form of simultaneously acting vertically and horizontally directed acoustic fields, creating a total field due to the interference (in time and space) of the component fields.

As a vertically directed acoustic field using a field of standing ultrasonic waves generated due to interference of coherent (in-phase) radiation of two or more adjacent vibrating elements (field source), as a horizontally directed acoustic field using a field rotating in a horizontal plane with an angular frequency of rotation ω, and as an axially directed acoustic field, an axial-helical acoustic field discrete in space and time is used, which is created by switching vibration-generating elements (emitter) with the possibility of creating a (p-dimensional) field honeycomb structure.

The speed of movement of the acoustic field in the annulus of the well is the amount that is necessary and sufficient to create light hydrocarbons, their transportation and extraction from the well.

The frequency of the acoustic field corresponds to the resonant cavitation state (c) of the liquid (liquid mixture) with specific physicochemical characteristics of the produced fluids and is f = 20 · 10 ³ ÷ 6 · 10 ⁸ Hz.

The lifetime of the developed cavitation state in the local zone of the annular space of the well (where the cracking process is provided) is chosen depending on the physicochemical properties of the produced hydrocarbons and depending on the time required for their conversion into isomers of a given molecular and component composition, which is t = 1.8 · 10 ^-9 ÷ 50 · 10 ^-6 s.

The range of quanta (doses) of acoustic energy in which cracking is carried out at a local point in the well zone, i.e. the interval in which the cracking process is provided, depending on the physicochemical properties of the produced hydrocarbons and thermodynamic conditions, is ΔЕ = 0.18 · 10 ^-12 ÷ 1 · 10 ^-4 J.

The phase shift interval between vertically directed, horizontally directed and axial-helical acoustic fields, in which cracking is carried out at a local point in the well zone, i.e. the interval in which the cracking process is provided, depending on the physicochemical properties of the produced hydrocarbons and thermodynamic conditions

Δφ = -1 / 2π ÷ + 1/2 π rad.

As the parameters of the mixture and the oil reservoir saturated with the fluids being monitored, use parameters selected from the series consisting of the density of the fluid, its viscosity, vertical speed, temperature, pressure, gas and water content, fractional composition and their combination.

The treatment of the bottom-hole zone of the well and of the interwell space is carried out simultaneously with downhole cracking of crude oil and pumping of the obtained hydrocarbons.

The volume of pumped hydrocarbons is equal to the volume of crude oil subjected to cracking.

Finally, the task set in the invention is solved by the fact that the known device for acoustic processing of the bottomhole zone of the well, comprising a housing, a control unit, a block of acoustic emitters, a locator of couplings, sensors, current lead and rigging device, according to the invention is made in the form of a downhole device - cavitator , with the possibility of downhole cracking of hydrocarbons placed in the housing, which is made integral in the form of coaxially connected (to each other) adapters (couplings) of three sealed collapsible c lindres, in one of which a control unit is installed, in the other - a block of acoustic emitters, and in the third - a locator of couplings, while the block of acoustic emitters is made in the form of a set of vibration-generating elements spaced in space, placed on a rigid cylindrical frame connected to the housing and made with the possibility of creating horizontal, vertical, and axial-helical acoustic fields that are discrete in space and time, and fluid state indicators are used as sensors , sensors of physicomechanical parameters of wave processes and amplitude-frequency characteristics of vibrating elements, as well as sensors characterizing the quantity and quality of the final product of downhole oil cracking.

The control unit is installed in the upper cylinder of the housing, and the block of acoustic emitters in the lower cylinder of the housing, while the device is additionally equipped with a pump with a (remote) adjustable flow rate provided by the packer and mounted above the upper cylinder.

The control unit 16 (CU) contains a power unit 33 (PSU), a control unit (CU) 34, a block 35 of generators (BG), a block 38 of power amplifiers (BOOM), a block of 41 switches (BC), and a block of 18 acoustic emitters ( BI), while the block 35 generators (BG) is made with at least one generator 36 low frequency (LF) and / or at least one generator 37 high frequency (HHF), the block 38 of power amplifiers (BOOM) is made at least with at least one low frequency (VLF) power amplifier 39 and / or with at least one high frequency power amplifier 40 ( HF), the block 41 of the switches (BC) is made with at least one switch 42 of the vibrating elements of low frequency (NK) and / or at least one switch 43 of the high frequency (VK), and the block 18 of acoustic emitters (BI) is made in in the form of a block 23 of low-frequency emitters (LFR) containing at least one emitter 47 of low frequency (LFR), and / or a block 22 of high-frequency emitters (HFR), containing at least one emitter 46 of high-frequency (IVF), while the block supply its input through current lead 21 with a cable connector ( R) via a cable-cable is electrically connected to a ground power source 45, and its outputs - to the control device 34 (CU) and the remaining elements of the block 16 (CU), the outputs 1 and 2 of the control device 34 (CU) are connected respectively to the inputs of the low generator frequency (LFO) and / or high frequency (UHF), which are connected with their outputs to the first input of a low-frequency power amplifier (VLF) and / or, respectively, with the first input of a high-frequency power amplifier (UHF), the outputs of which are via a low-frequency switch 42 ( NK) and / or respectively comm the high-frequency (VC) generator 43 is connected to the inputs of the respective low-frequency emitters (LF) and / or high-frequency emitters (HF), respectively, whose electrical outputs are connected to the corresponding negative feedback inputs of low-frequency amplifiers (VLF) and / or, respectively, high-frequency (UHF), while the acoustic outputs of the emitters (LF) and / or (HF) at the same time are also the corresponding acoustic outputs of the block 18 of acoustic emitters (BI) and block 16 of the control (BU).

The control device (CU) 34 contains a microprocessor (MP) 48, a clock generator 49 (clock), a microprocessor software unit 50, a block 51 of settings (CU) based on experimental information about the parameters of the cavitation process in a particular hydrocarbon raw materials from a specific reservoir under specific thermodynamic conditions, block 52 of the calculation of the vector of control actions (RVUV), block 17 locator couplings, block 53 assessment and comparison of parameters (OSP) flow of fluids in the zone of conversion of hydrocarbon in the bottomhole zone, block 55 of the analog-to-digital converters (ADCs) of primary information, as well as block 63 of digital-to-analog converters (DACs) for control actions, while the first input of the microprocessor (MP) is electrically connected to the output of the clock frequency generator (GTC), the second - with the output of the software and mathematical support unit (PMO), the third with the output of the settings block (BU), the fourth with the output of the vector control unit (RVU V), the fifth with the output of the locator block of 17 couplings, and the sixth via bus 54 - with analog outputs digital converters 56-61 (ADC) of block 55 of analog-to-digital converters (ADC), and the output of the microprocessor MP is electrically connected to bus 62, the outputs of which are connected to the inputs of block 63 of digital-to-analog converters (DAC), the outputs of which are outputs of block 63 of digital-to-analog converters (DAC) and simultaneously with this - outputs 1-4 of the control device 34 (UE).

Block 18 acoustic emitters (BI) is made in the form of a sequential set of coaxially mounted on a rigid cylindrical frame acoustic emitters, made in the form of cylinders with a flat base, electrically isolated from each other on the surface of the bases, while electrically isolated from each other vibration generating elements are installed in each acoustic emitter so that their radiating surfaces coincide with the lateral cylindrical surface of the acoustic emitter and in the center of the vibrating generator of the radiating element are orthogonal to the radius of the cylindrical surface.

The block of acoustic emitters (BI) is made in the form of a set of low-frequency acoustic emitters, which is installed in the lower part of the housing, and a set of high-frequency acoustic emitters, which is installed in the upper part of the housing.

Sensors of physical and mechanical values are used as sensors of indicators of the state of fluids, selected from a series consisting of the density of fluids of their viscosity, the velocity of the vertical movement of the fluid flow, temperature and pressure in the upper and lower parts of the downhole tool - cavitator, gas and water content, fractional component composition, their combinations.

As sensors of the physicomechanical parameters of wave processes and amplitude-frequency characteristics of vibration generating elements, value sensors are used that are selected from the series consisting of voltages, currents, frequencies, electric powers, voltage phases and currents of vibration generating elements, velocities, amplitudes, phases, absorption coefficients direct longitudinal, reflected longitudinal, direct transverse and reflected transverse acoustic waves, their combinations.

As sensors of quantities characterizing the quantity and quality of the final product (downhole) of cracking oil, we used sensors of quantities selected from a number of. consisting of instantaneous (current) flow rate, fluid density, viscosity, vertical velocity of fluid flow, gas and water content, fractional component composition, their combination.

Such a solution to the problem posed by the invention provides a significant increase in the efficiency of the process of processing the bottom-hole zone of the well and cracking oil with a significant reduction in capital expenditures due to the concentration in one device of the necessary set of measuring, converting, computing and power hardware. The advantage of using the method is a sharp reduction in energy and capital costs for the production of high-viscosity oils.

Guided downhole ultrasonic metered cracking of crude oil to produce light hydrocarbon isomers allows significantly reduce the cost of further preparation, transportation and processing of crude oil.

The decrease in the viscosity of hydrocarbons obtained in the bottomhole conditions allows to increase the production rates of production wells by increasing the depression and reducing hydraulic losses along the casing string and reducing the corresponding energy costs, namely:

- reduce the viscosity of produced hydrocarbons directly in the bottomhole conditions by two orders of magnitude, i.e. tens and hundreds of times;

- increase depression on the reservoir due to a significant pressure drop in the bottomhole zone of the well with a stable reservoir pressure;

- reduce hydraulic losses along the casing string due to preliminary cleaning of the inner walls of the casing from high-viscosity hydrocarbon deposits and reduce the coefficient of hydraulic resistance along the casing by reducing the viscosity of the fluid, which contributes to a multiple increase in the production rate of production wells;

- reduce hydraulic losses during the pumping of light petroleum products along the pipeline transport line, which contributes to a multiple reduction in the cost of electric energy and lower pressure losses inside the pipelines due to the prevention of deposits of highly viscous hydrocarbons on their inner walls;

- reduce energy costs by the difference between the electric energy used in the operation of traditional equipment (pump drives) in the production of highly viscous oil and energy if it is replaced with less powerful pumps in terms of the terms of field development;

- to obtain light hydrocarbons with controlled downhole ultrasonic cracking of crude oil directly in the bottomhole conditions, which allows to increase the value of the produced final product by more than 2 times;

- significantly increase the oil recovery ratio (yield) and, therefore, the involvement of large recoverable oil reserves in the development by increasing the depression on the reservoir. In this case, the same pumping equipment is used. This allows for additional oil production during the same term of development of the reservoir;

- reduce transport losses with high condition of light petroleum products obtained using ultrasonic cracking. Costs will be required only for additional reforming of these products to increase the octane or cyan number, and additional profits will be generated by reducing the cost of delivery and sale of products near the place of their extraction;

- reduce the cost of transporting oil to the wellhead due to gas lift. Hydrocarbon gases obtained during the cracking process can be used to organize gas lift oil transportation to the wellhead and thereby reduce energy and capital costs for expensive pumping equipment.

These advantages of the claimed invention are provided as follows.

The fact that the bottom-hole zone is additionally affected by a metered, spatially discrete axial-screw acoustic field, moreover, this effect is carried out simultaneously with the action by vertically and horizontally directed acoustic fields, while the axial-screw acoustic field is created by switching vibration generating elements (emitter) with the ability to create an (n-dimensional) field honeycomb structure that maximizes the volume of the reactor zone and a more complete and accurate conversion azovanie wellbore fluids to hydrocarbons with desired properties, such as diesel fuel, gasoline, ethers.

The fact that the horizontally directed acoustic field of the traveling wave is created in the form of a rotating horizontally directed acoustic field with a frequency of rotation ω, and the frequency of rotation of a horizontally directed acoustic field is adjustable and is ω = 0.001 ÷ 10 MHz, provides treatment of the inner surface of the well (cleaning), and the increase in the volume of rocks exposed to acoustic impact in order to improve the filtration and capacity properties of the formation rocks, its hydrophobization, and the destruction of deposits on an open surface the seam in the near-wellbore zone, decolmatization, agitation of sediments in the well sump, for their subsequent removal.

The fact that the rotation of the acoustic field is carried out with the possibility of an inertial-free change in the direction of rotation provides a lesser probability of the formation and growth of gas bubbles (coalescence) in the annular space of the reactor zone, which negatively affects the homogenization and conditioning of the hydrocarbon mixture obtained in the process of downhole oil cracking.

The fact that a horizontally directed acoustic field of a traveling wave creates an adjustable frequency to ensure a multi-resonance mode of interaction between the formation rock and the fluid provides for the intensification of the in-situ processes of the movement of liquid oil particles to the bottom of the well under the influence of the difference between the bottomhole and reservoir pressure (depression) and their relatively easy separation from the mountain rocks of the reservoir layer due to the multi-resonant effect of ultrasonic waves on interfacial tension at the oil-rock interface and way acoustic influence on the additional volume of rock to improve filtration and capacitive properties of the reservoir rock, its water-repellency, degradation of deposits on the exposed surface of the formation near the wellbore, decolmatation, resuspension of precipitation in the borehole sump for subsequent removal.

The fact that the amplitude-phase-frequency characteristics of the reflected wave, as well as the quantitative and qualitative parameters of the fluid are additionally used as feedback, provides accurate self-tuning of the frequency and amplitude of the generated acoustic vibrations, their duty cycle and duration by using currently inactive vibrating elements (piezoelectric elements )

The fact that the fluid parameters used for feedback is selected from the series consisting of the fluid density, its viscosity, vertical speed, temperature, pressure, gas content, fractional composition, their combination, provides the identification of the parameters of the basic algorithms for optimal control of the bottom hole treatment process and formation and especially downhole cracking.

The fact that in the known method for ultrasonic cracking of hydrocarbon compounds, mainly crude oil, which is the conversion of these compounds, including their decomposition, the annular space of an oil and gas well between the active surface of the emitter and the inner surface of the walls of the well and / or reservoir is used as an ultrasonic reactor and the action of ultrasonic waves is carried out over the entire volume of the reactor core occupied by the mixture "water - hydrocarbon compound with dissolved gas ", while the process (cracking process) is conducted in the developed cavitation mode in the processed mixture with the transition of liquid hydrocarbons and water to the vapor-gas phase, the breaking of water molecules and (long) hydrocarbon molecules that make up the oil into its component parts (radicals) and hydrogenation and / or by alkylation of the latter with the formation of light hydrocarbons, and to create an acoustic field, a device (cavitator) is used, which is placed in the zone (cracking process) and with the help of which an acoustic field of a given direction is formed (geometer physical form), periodicity (frequency), intensity (power) and quantization (dosage) necessary (and sufficient) to create a stable, oriented cavitation flow in which the oil is cracked and transported (downhole) to the wellhead (well), provides effective downhole ultrasonic cracking of oil.

The fact that they use a dosed, non-stationary, spatially distributed, vertically, horizontally and axially-screwed moving acoustic field in the form of simultaneously acting vertically and horizontally directed acoustic fields, creating a total field due to the interference (in time and space) of the component fields, provides the conditions of the developed cavitation process, and the duration of cavitation (bubble formation) at a specific point in the space of the reactor zone providing based on the calculation of the required dose of acoustic energy necessary for cracking oil into a given oil product (gasoline, diesel fuel, etc.)

The fact that the field of standing ultrasonic waves formed due to the interference of coherent (in-phase) radiations of two or more adjacent vibration-generating elements (field source) is used as a vertically directed acoustic field, a field rotating in a horizontal plane with angular frequency of rotation ω, and as an axially directed acoustic field, an axial-screw acoustic discrete in space and time is used e field, which is created by switching vibration-generating elements (emitter) with the possibility of creating an (n-dimensional) field honeycomb structure, provides an increase in the efficiency of the cracking process due to the uniform involvement of hydrocarbons in the cracking process.

The fact that the speed of movement of the acoustic field in the annular space of the well is the amount that is necessary and sufficient to create light hydrocarbons, their transportation and extraction from the well, provides synchronization of the rates of selection and generation of cracking products.

The fact that the frequency of the acoustic field corresponds to the resonant cavitation state (c) of the liquid (liquid mixture) with specific physicochemical characteristics of the produced fluids and is f = 20 · 10 ³ ÷ 6 · 10 ⁸ Hz, makes it possible to match the frequencies of the external acoustic field with the frequency collapse of cavitation bubbles.

The fact that the existence time of the developed cavitation state in the local zone of the annular space of the well (where the cracking process is provided) is chosen depending on the physicochemical properties of the produced hydrocarbons, thermodynamic conditions, and depending on the time required to convert them into isomers of a given molecular and component composition, which is t = 1.8 · 10 ^-9 ÷ 50 · 10 ^-6 s, provides an increase in the efficiency of formation of isomers of a given composition.

That the interval of magnitude of quanta (doses) of acoustic energy in which cracking is carried out at a local point in the well zone, i.e. the interval in which the cracking process is provided, depending on the physicochemical properties of the produced hydrocarbons and thermodynamic conditions, is ΔЕ = 0.18 · 10 ^-12 ÷ 1 · 10 ^-4 J, provides:

- preparation of gases and water dissolved in oil for hydration, alkylation of hydrocarbon isomers and prevents their recombination, as well as

- limits the dose of energy necessary and sufficient for the conversion of oil into predetermined hydrocarbons.

The fact that as the parameters of the mixture and the oil reservoir saturated with the fluids being monitored use parameters selected from the series consisting of the density of the fluid, its viscosity, vertical speed, temperature, pressure, gas and water content, fractional composition and their combination provides effective monitoring of bottom-hole treatment and cracking.

The fact that the treatment of the bottom-hole zone of the well and inter-well space is carried out simultaneously with downhole cracking of crude oil and pumping of the obtained hydrocarbons, provides an increase in efficiency by combining in time and space the processes of extraction, preparation and processing of oil into oil products.

The fact that the known device for acoustic treatment of the bottom-hole zone of the well is made in the form of an downhole device - a cavitator with the possibility of downhole cracking of hydrocarbons placed in a housing that is made integral in the form of coaxially connected (to each other) adapters (couplings) of three sealed collapsible cylinders, in one of which has a control unit, in the other - a block of acoustic emitters, and in the third - a locator of couplings, while the block of acoustic emitters is made in the form of a set of vibrog non-mating elements spaced in space, placed on a rigid cylindrical frame connected to the body and made with the possibility of creating horizontal, vertical and axial-screw acoustic fields that are discrete in space and time, and sensors of fluid state indicators, sensors of physicomechanical parameters are used as sensors wave processes and amplitude-frequency characteristics of vibrating elements, as well as sensors characterizing the quantity and quality of the final product CTA (downhole) oil cracking processes provides improves management efficiency of extraction, preparation and refining petroleum.

The fact that the control unit is installed in the upper cylinder of the housing, and the block of acoustic emitters in the lower cylinder of the housing, while the device is additionally equipped with a pump (remotely) controlled by the flow rate provided by the packer and installed above the upper cylinder, further increases the efficiency of the device, reducing energy consumption and maintainability.

The fact that the control unit (CU) contains a power supply unit (PSU), a control device (CU), a generator unit (BG), made with at least one low-frequency generator (LF) and / or at least one high-frequency generator (HHF), a power amplifier unit (BOOM), made with at least one high-frequency power amplifier (AUM) and / or low frequency (AUM), a switch unit (BC), made with at least one switch of vibrating elements of high frequency (VK) and / or low frequency (NK), a pump unit (NB), and the same unit of emitters (BI), made with at least one high-frequency acoustic emitter (VAI) and / or one low-frequency acoustic emitter (NAI), while the PSU is connected via its cable input to the ground power source through a cable connector (KR), and with their outputs with the other elements of the control unit, the outputs of the control unit are connected to the inputs of the LF and / or HHF, which are connected with the input of the VUM and / or NUM respectively, the outputs of which are connected through the VC and / or to the inputs of the IAI and / or NAI, which with their outputs negative inputs connected feedback of the VUM and / or NUM, respectively, while the acoustic outputs of the VAI and / or NAI are simultaneously the corresponding outputs of the control unit, provides effective interaction between subsystems and systems of the downhole tool - cavitator.

The fact that the control device (UE) contains a microprocessor (MP), a clock frequency generator (GTCH), a block of analog-to-digital converters (ADC) of primary information, a block of digital-to-analog converters (DAC) of control actions, a block of software and mathematics (PMO) of the microprocessor , a block of settings (BC) based on experimental information on the parameters of the cavitation process in a particular hydrocarbon feedstock from a specific reservoir under specific thermodynamic conditions, a block for calculating the control vector impacts (RVVV), as well as a unit for evaluating and comparing parameters (OSP) of fluid flow in the hydrocarbon conversion zone and in the bottomhole zone, while the first MP input is electrically connected to the first output of the hydraulic circuit, the second output of which is connected to input 1 of bus 7, the inputs 2-6 of which are connected to the outputs of the ADC of the vector of input variables, the inputs of 2-6 MP are connected to the outputs of the PMO, OSP, BU, RVUV, OSP blocks and the coupler locator, respectively, and the MP output is electrically connected to bus 8, the outputs 1-4 of which are connected to the inputs of the DAC unit, the outputs of which are the outputs of the bl control eye, provides monitoring, preparation of the setpoint vector values and efficient execution of computational operations for the timely development of the vector of optimal values of control actions.

The fact that the block of acoustic emitters (BI) is made in the form of a sequential set of acoustic emitters coaxially mounted on a rigid cylindrical frame made in the form of cylinders with flat bases, electrically isolated from each other on the surface of the bases, while the vibration generating elements are electrically isolated from each other in each acoustic emitter so that their emitting surfaces coincide with the lateral cylindrical surface of the acoustic emitter and in the center of generating element orthogonal to the radius of the cylindrical surface, provides performance and maintainability downhole device - cavitator.

The fact that the block of acoustic emitters is made in the form of a set of low-frequency acoustic emitters, which is installed in the lower part of the casing, and a set of high-frequency acoustic emitters, which is installed in the upper part of the casing, ensures that the downhole device, a cavitator of oil extraction and preparation processing, is independent of the cracking process .

The fact that sensors of physical and mechanical quantities are used as sensors of indicators of the state of fluids, selected from a series consisting of the density of fluids of their viscosity, the rate of vertical movement of the fluid flow, temperature and pressure in the upper and lower parts of the downhole tool - cavitator, gas content and water content, fractional component composition, their combination, provides effective monitoring of bottom-hole treatment processes and downhole oil cracking.

The fact that, as sensors, as sensors of the physicomechanical parameters of wave processes and amplitude-frequency characteristics of vibration generating elements, value sensors are used that are selected from the series consisting of voltages, currents, frequencies, electric powers, voltage phases and currents of vibration generating elements, speeds, amplitudes , phases, absorption coefficients of direct longitudinal, reflected longitudinal, direct transverse and reflected transverse acoustic waves, their combination, ensures efficiency and is safe be the device operation.

The fact that as sensors of quantities characterizing the quantity and quality of the final product of (downhole) oil cracking, we used quantity sensors selected from the series consisting of the instantaneous (current) flow rate, their fluid density, the rate of vertical movement of the fluid flow, gas content, and water content , fractional component composition, their combination, provides an increase in the yield coefficient, prevents the occurrence of accidents and increases the efficiency of pump and compressor control ornym equipment.

Since downhole cracking of oil is based on the breaking of long hydrocarbon macromolecules of oil, this is possible using the concentration of ultrasonic waves at points in space with maximum acoustic energy resulting from the interference of several fields. The number of such points is determined by the wave characteristics of the field - its frequency, wavelength and amplitude. For all liquids and many substances, there is a certain threshold value of acoustic energy at which the liquid goes into the vapor-gas state. A visible visual sign of this is the formation of many bubbles. This process is called cavitation. The liquid cavitation threshold is determined experimentally and theoretically.

In each cavitation cavity (bubble), the transition of liquid hydrocarbons to the vapor-gas phase occurs. After some time, the cavity “cools” and the hydrocarbons go back into a liquid state. In each cavity, such thermodynamic conditions (pressure, temperature) arise that the oil molecules break and other, lighter hydrocarbons form. At the moment of collapse, long molecules of oil break into radicals. Broken oil molecules (radicals) are closed by other, lighter radicals. They can be radicals of gases dissolved in oil or radicals of volatile hydrocarbons. For example, H ^- , CH ₃ ^- and the like.

The lifetime of each cavity in the developed cavitation zone corresponds to a specific substance and specific thermodynamic conditions. In ultrasonic cracking, it should be chosen so that it corresponds to the maximum conversion of oil into convertible hydrocarbons. At the same time, it is necessary to strive to reduce the share of released gases, a wide fraction of hydrocarbons and emulsions as by-products of cracking. That is, it is necessary to control the process of conversion (cracking) of hydrocarbons in specific conditions.

The most optimal solution to the problem is to conduct oil cracking in the field, namely in the producing well, and without changing the design of the well. This problem is solved if the downhole cracking is controlled by using the declared equipment specially designed for this, which forms an acoustic field unsteady in time and space with characteristics that provide the most complete conversion of hydrocarbons. The claimed method is aimed at solving the problem of controlled cracking of crude oil in the well, cleaning the well and processing the near-wellbore area of productive rocks of the bottom of the well due to the special design of the downhole tool and its control equipment. Managed objects are the configuration and energy of the acoustic field, the characteristics of the cavitation flow in the interference zone of the acoustic fields, and the characteristics of the gas-liquid flow in the well. The limitations are the design of the well and the downhole tool, the actual composition of the produced oil and the thermodynamic conditions of the flow of oil from the formation along the casing string, the flow conditions in the tubing, and also the method of extracting oil from the well. At the same time, the motion of the acoustic field controlled in space and time should create an area of developed stable cavitation. The duration of the acoustic field is determined based on the characteristics of the oil and cracking products.

The hardware solution of the proposed method is the claimed downhole tool is an ultrasonic cavitator.

The acoustic field formed by the cavitator has a vertical, horizontal and axial orientation. The frequency range of the field of a standing acoustic wave formed by acoustic emitters corresponds to the resonant frequencies of the developed cavitation state for a specific aerated well fluid. It is determined from experimental studies.

At each moment of time, the acoustic field or its active part has a limited volume, which in its geometric characteristics resembles a horizontal lens, cylinder, or parts thereof. The volume of oil trapped in such an ultrasonic lens is limited by its geometrical parameters.

If oil stays in the active zone of the acoustic field for a long time, it rapidly undergoes complete decomposition with the formation of gases and a wide fraction of light hydrocarbons. To prevent this from happening and to obtain the conversion of oil to the planned fraction with a specific molecular composition, the cavitation process should be periodic with the possibility of dosing (quantization) of the energy used in this process. Therefore, the process of ultrasonic cracking must have a controlled pulsed nature. It can occur in one or more bursts of acoustic field. In this case, the total field energy in the annular space is dosed in such a way that its value is necessary and sufficient to completely react to the indicated volume of oil, but no more, because otherwise the yield will decrease significantly due to the complete decomposition of oil with the formation of gases and a wide fraction of light hydrocarbons. To achieve this goal, the claimed method uses a pulsed spatial scanning of the acoustic field superimposed on the process of flow of hydrocarbons and at the same time removing, mainly pumping, obtained as a result of cracking of hydrocarbons of the planned composition. In this case, the volume of pumped hydrocarbons should be equal to the volume of crude oil subjected to cracking. For this purpose, provide remote control of the volumetric flow rate of the pump, equipped with a packer and mounted above the cavitator.

Field scan, i.e. periodic movement of the acoustic field along the wellbore causes a steady flow of light hydrocarbons in the well from the bottom to the wellhead or to a pump installed in the well. This flow is due to depression and the difference in density and viscosity of raw materials and hydrocarbons converted as a result of cracking. The vertical and axial scan speeds are automatically set using the control device. It should correspond to the value of the rate of extraction of hydrocarbons from the well. Scanning the field in these directions forms the overall dynamic stability of the controlled cracking process in the annular space between the cavitator and the casing string.

The technical result of the implementation of the claimed method is to increase the efficiency of oil production and refining due to the fact that the claimed method provides:

1. Creation of an unsteady spatially distributed, scanned acoustic field of a standing wave with specified characteristics.

2. Irradiation and downhole cracking of crude oil in an acoustic field with its conversion to hydrocarbons with desired physicochemical properties.

3. Monitoring the physical and mechanical characteristics of the fluids in the wellbore and in the bottomhole formation zone.

4. Cleaning the inner surface of the casing string from deposits of high viscosity hydrocarbons and sludge.

5. Irradiation of fluid-saturated rocks of productive formations located in the interwell zone with an acoustic field of a traveling wave.

6. Protection of the working surfaces of the downhole tool from cavitation erosion.

7. Autonomous operation of the ultrasonic cavitator in the wellbore without control actions from the earth's surface.

The invention is further illustrated by the figures of the drawings, which although they illustrate specific, particular variants of the technical solution in accordance with the invention, however, do not exhaust the general inventive concept.

In the figures, in particular, is displayed:

figure 1 is a generalized block diagram of a device for processing bottom-hole zone of a well and downhole cracking of oil;

figure 2 - downhole tool - cavitator, front view;

figure 3 - layout diagram of a downhole tool - cavitator;

4 is a structural electrical diagram of a control unit;

5 is a structural electrical diagram of the control device of the control unit of the downhole tool - cavitator;

6 is a diagram of the rotation of the low-frequency acoustic field of the cavitator;

Fig.7 is a diagram of the rotation of the high-frequency acoustic field of the cavitator;

Fig. 8 is a diagram showing the arrangement of vibration generating elements on the working surface of the cavitator;

Fig.9 is a sequence diagram of the operation of acoustic emitters of the cavitator.

DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS FIGURES

The device (Fig.1-13) for processing the bottom-hole zone 1 of the well 2 by acoustic impact on the oil-bearing formation 3, in which the perforations 4 are made, contains a downhole device - cavitator 5, which is lowered to the face 6 on the geophysical cable-cable 7 and / or on the tubing 8 with cable 7 using the device 9 to perform tripping operations - lifting device. The walls of the well are lined with a casing string 10, the inner surface of which is covered with highly viscous hydrocarbons, oxides, dirt, sludge, etc. (not shown). An annular gap 11 between the walls of the borehole 2 and the casing string 10 is cemented to create a cement plug. The wellhead 2 is sealed with a flange 12, in which openings are made for transporting oil products from the well 2 and for the passage of the cable 7.

The downhole tool is a cavitator 5 for processing the bottom-hole zone 1 of the well 2 by acoustic impact on the oil-bearing formation 3, in which the perforations 4 are made, contains a housing that is made integral in the form of three sealed collapsible cylinders (not shown) three sealed collapsible cylinders: upper 13, middle 14 and lower 15 (figure 1). In addition, the cavitator 5 also contains a control unit 16 (Fig. 2), a coupling locator 17, a block of acoustic emitters 18, an upper 19 and a lower 20 sensor blocks, a current lead 21 with a cable connector and a lifting device (not shown). The control unit 16 is installed in the upper housing cylinder 13, the locator 17 of the couplings, respectively, in the middle housing cylinder 14, and the acoustic emitter unit 18, which contains the high-frequency acoustic emitter unit 22 and the low-frequency emitter unit 23, in the lower housing cylinder 15.

Each of the high-frequency emitters of block 22 is made in the form of a set of vibration-generating elements 24, which are spaced in space and placed on a rigid cylindrical frame 26 connected with the housing with the formation of a p-dimensional honeycomb structure and the possibility of creating horizontal, vertical and axially discrete in space and time helical acoustic fields (Fig.6-8).

Similarly, each of the low-frequency emitters of block 23 is made in the form of a set of vibration-generating elements 25 that are spaced in space and placed on a rigid cylindrical frame 26 connected to the housing with the formation of a p-dimensional honeycomb structure and the possibility of creating a horizontal rotational acoustic field discrete in space and time (Fig.9).

The upper sensor block 19 consists of sensors 27-29, the lower sensor block 20 consists of sensors 30-32. The sensors 27-32 used sensors of indicators of the state of fluids in the reservoir 3, sensors of physicomechanical parameters of wave processes and amplitude-frequency characteristics of vibrating elements 25, as well as sensors characterizing the quantity and quality of the final product of downhole oil cracking (not shown).

The control unit 16 is connected (Fig. 3) with the power supply unit 47 and contains a control device 34, the inputs of which are connected to the sensor units 19 and 20, and the outputs 1.2 are connected to the generator unit 35, which is made with at least one low generator 36 frequency and at least one high frequency generator 37. In addition, the control unit 16 comprises a power amplifier unit 38 made with at least one high frequency amplifier 39 and at least one low frequency power amplifier 40, as well as a switch unit 41 made with at least one switch 42 of the vibrating elements high frequency and at least one switch 43 of the vibrating elements of low frequency. The control unit 16 further comprises a block of acoustic emitters 18 made with at least one low-frequency acoustic emitter 23 and at least one high-frequency acoustic emitter 22.

In this case, the power supply 33 through its input through a current lead with a cable connector 21 and a cable cable 7 is electrically connected to a ground power source 45 ~ 0.4 kV, and its other outputs to the other elements of the control unit 16. The output 1 of the control device 34 is connected to the input of the low frequency generator 36, and the output 2 of the control device 34 is connected to the input of the high frequency generator 37. With their outputs, the generators 36 and 37 are electrically connected to the first inputs of the low-frequency power amplifier 54 and, accordingly, the high-frequency amplifier 39, which, through their switches 42 and 43, respectively, are electrically connected to the inputs of low-frequency acoustic emitters 46 and, respectively, of high-frequency acoustic emitters 47, whose electrical outputs as negative feedback connected to the corresponding inputs of the amplifiers 39 and 40 power. The outputs of the acoustic emitter units 22 and 23 are simultaneously the acoustic outputs of the control unit 16.

The control device 34 (Figs. 3, 4) contains a microprocessor 48, to the inputs 1-6 of which its outputs are connected to a clock generator 49, a microprocessor software and software block 50, a setting block 51 based on experimental information about the parameters of the cavitation process in a particular hydrocarbon feed from a specific reservoir under specific thermodynamic conditions, block 52 for calculating the vector of control actions, locator 17 couplings and block 53 for evaluating and comparing the parameters of the flow of fluids in the conversion zone hydrocarbons Hovhan (annulus 72) and near the wellbore 1.

Moreover, the unit for evaluating and comparing the parameters 53 of the fluid flow in the hydrocarbon conversion zone is electrically connected to the output of the bus 54, the inputs 1-6 of which, which are simultaneously the inputs of the control device 34, are connected to the outputs of the block 55 of the amplitude-to-digital converters 56-61 of the vector input variables.

The microprocessor 48 is connected with its output to the input of the bus 62, which is connected with its outputs 1-4 to the corresponding inputs of the block 63 of digital-to-analog converters 64-67, the outputs of which are simultaneously the outputs of the control device 34 and through the block 35 of the generators, the block 38 of the power amplifiers and the block of switches in further associated with block 18 acoustic emitters.

In this case, the clock generator 49 is electrically connected with its second output to the first input of the bus 54, the other inputs 2-6 of which are connected to the outputs of the block 55 of the amplitude-digital converters 56-61 of the input variable vector, while the inputs of the latter are simultaneously inputs of the control device 34. By its output, the bus 62 is connected to the input of the evaluation and comparison unit 53, and the microprocessor 48 is connected by its output to the input of the bus 54, which by its outputs 1-4 is connected to the inputs 1-4 of the block 63 of digital-to-analog converters 64-67, the outputs are cat ryh are simultaneously output control device 34.

The block 18 of acoustic emitters is made in the form of a sequential set of acoustic emitters 46 and 47 coaxially mounted on a rigid cylindrical frame 26, made in the form of cylinders with a flat base, electrically isolated from each other on the surface of the bases, while the vibration generating elements are electrically isolated from each other 24- 25 are installed in each acoustic emitter so that their emitting surfaces coincide with the lateral cylindrical surface of the acoustic emitter and in the center of generating element orthogonal to the radius of the cylindrical surface.

Vibration generating elements 24-25 in each of the emitters 46 and 47 are electrically isolated from each other by insulating elements and placed in each of the emitters so that their emitting surfaces coincide with the lateral cylindrical surface of the emitters 46 and 47 and at the same time in the center of the vibrating generating element these emitting surfaces orthogonal to the radius of the cylindrical surface.

The block 23 of acoustic emitters is made in the form of a set of m low-frequency acoustic emitters 47 installed in the lower part of the housing cylinder 15 and a set of n high-frequency acoustic emitters 46 installed in the upper part of the housing cylinder 13. The cylindrical body 13 is filled with oil. In block 18, acoustic emitters 47 (made in the amount of m pieces), and 46 (made in the amount of n pieces), and vibration-generating elements 24-25 in each of m + n of these emitters are placed in such a way that they form a honeycomb structure and, in addition to in addition, create the possibility of field interaction adjacent (vertically, horizontally and diagonally) vibration-generating elements 24-25, and therefore, with the possibility of creating a multidimensional non-stationary acoustic field (Fig.6-9).

Each of the acoustic emitters 22, 23 is structurally designed in such a way as to ensure the formation of a standing acoustic wave in the annular space between adjacent elements, the casing and the downhole device. It is made in the form of a set of acoustic elements spaced in space on a rigid frame 26.

Due to the spatial design of the acoustic emitters, each of the switches 42, 43 includes a current set of vibrating elements 24-25 forming a given acoustic field that varies in time and space. The distance between the centers of adjacent vertically and horizontally located high-frequency vibrating elements 24 is selected so that as a result of their interaction a standing wave mode is formed that is independent of the state of the inner surface of the casing pipes.

The frequency characteristics of such a field are first determined based on the conditions for obtaining a developed cavitation process, and then on the basis of the conditions for cracking the well fluid. This occurs in resonance mode, exciting the cracking process of a particular fluid. The duration of the acoustic field is determined by the energy of the cavitation process, which is necessary and sufficient for the process of converting heavy hydrocarbons into lighter ones.

Rotational low-frequency broadband acoustic field 77 (Fig.9) is formed by cyclic pairwise switching of low-frequency vibration-generating elements 25 of a low-frequency acoustic emitter 47.

The intensity of the acoustic field, phase shift and its duration are selected from the calculation of the most complete cracking of the current volume of oil trapped in the acoustic field of a standing wave, mainly due to interference of acoustic waves generated by adjacent (located in the vicinity) high-frequency vibrating elements 24.

In the upper part of the downhole tool - cavitator 5, in the housing cylinder 13 there is an upper sensor block 19, consisting of an upper pressure sensor 27, an upper temperature sensor 28, a power unit 33, a control device 34, a generator block 35, a switch unit 41, a power amplifier unit 38 and a narrow-band high-frequency generator 29 of acoustic vibrations, which is designed to monitor the process of conversion of hydrocarbons in the annular space 72 from the lower part to the upper part of the cavitator body 5.

In the middle part of the downhole tool - cavitator 5, a locator of couplings 17 is located in the housing cylinder 14.

In the lower part of the downhole tool - cavitator 5, a low-frequency 23 and high-frequency 22 acoustic emitters, a sound receiver 32, a lower temperature sensor 31 and a lower pressure sensor 30 are located in the housing cylinder 15.

Above the upper cylinder of the cavitator (Fig. 13), an electric pump 70 is installed, equipped with a packer (not shown).

The claimed device is an ultrasonic cavitator 5 (Fig.1-13) works as follows.

The mode of lowering the cavitator 5 into the well 1 and cleaning the inner surface of the casing of the well 10. In this mode, the declared device 5 is lowered into the well 2 using a wireline hoist (winch) 68 in the standby state (Fig. 11). In this state, an electric voltage of 0.4 kV is supplied to the power supply 33 from the ground power source 45, only the upper sensor block (sensors 27-29) and the lower sensor block (sensors 30-32) work. The block 18 of the acoustic emitters is disabled, but the device 5 is ready for operation. At the gas-liquid interface 71 (hydrostatic level of the borehole fluid) in the borehole, the cavitator 5 is automatically switched on by the indicators of sensors 27-32 and after that it works in an autonomous mode. The control device 34 includes a block of acoustic emitters, which includes a block 22 of high-frequency vibrating elements.

With further descent from the hydrostatic level of the fluid 71 in the well 2 to the bottom 1, the device 5 continues to work in the cleaning mode. In this mode, a low-frequency broadband field is not used, but there is a further cleaning of the inner surface of the casing from adhering deposits, primarily from highly viscous hydrocarbons. In this mode, the acoustic intensity of the vibrating elements is formed by a power amplifier based on the rarefaction conditions of high-viscosity oil deposits to the viscosity value, which is set by the setpoint vector. Due to the vertical and horizontal orientation of the acoustic fields, these residues are converted into lighter hydrocarbons, liquefied to the desired consistency, float and removed from the well by self-flow or by pump. The consistency of the liquefied hydrocarbons that were formed during the cleaning mode is controlled by the control unit 16 using the upper 19 and lower sensor blocks. In this mode, the cavitator low-frequency path is turned off.

After the completion of the cleaning operation of the inner surface of the casing string using the couplings locator 17, the installation location of the device 5 is fixed in the bottom 1 or the upper part of the rocks of the productive horizon, after which a tubing string 8 connected to the pump-rocker 69 is installed in the well. the cavitator is prepared for the mode of coordinated operation of the ultrasonic cavitator 5, immersed in the well on a cable-cable 7, and a pump-pump 69, connected to the column of tubing 8 (Fig). The control device 34 of the downhole tool - cavitator 5 automatically adapts to the flow rate of the produced hydrocarbons in the well and crackes the oil in the annular space 11. This mode is not optimal from the point of view of the most complete and fast oil recovery. In this mode, the maximum power of the cavitator 5 is not used due to the fact that the performance of the installed pumping equipment is a constant value (unregulated). But at the same time, the pumping equipment previously mounted near the wellhead 73 of well 2 is used most rationally. In this mode, both the high-frequency cavitator path and the low-frequency one work simultaneously. The field 77 of broadband low-frequency acoustic vibrations (Fig. 9) initiates the intensification process in the bottom-hole zone 1 of the oil-bearing formation 3. The circular rotation 78 of the low-frequency acoustic field 77 with a controlled frequency ω ₂ forms a periodic mechanical effect on the fluids located in the bottom-hole zone 1 of the well 2. upon reaching the frequency ω ₂ of one of the resonant frequencies of the mechanical system reservoir - fluids, which depends, for example, from a distance, fluid saturation, a local formation zone 3 is mechanically ie resonance phenomena, which positively affect the process of oil extraction, dewaxing decolmatation. In this mode, the combined effect of a low-frequency acoustic field, which creates the conditions for intensifying the processes of oil filtration from the bottom-hole and inter-well zone of the formation to the perforation holes of the well and cracking the oil in the bottom of the well.

The mode of cracking and production of light hydrocarbons in the interaction of the pump-pump 69 and immersed in the borehole on the tubing string 8 cavitator 5, which operates in stand-alone mode (Fig.12). After completion of the previous well cleaning operation, the cavitator 5 is removed to the earth's surface and mounted on the tubing string 8 through a transition sleeve or shank (not shown), then re-lowered into the well (Fig. 12). Using the locator couplings 21 fix the installation location of the device 5 at the bottom 1, after which the device 5 is installed at the depth of the perforations 4 of the casing 11. Then the device 5 goes into the main mode of operation. In this mode, the well 2 with the help of a logging hoist (winch) 68 via a cable 7 supplies electric energy of 0.4 kV to a power supply 33 from a ground power source 45, which includes a control device 34 of the cavitator 5, which, in turn, , consistently includes all blocks of the cavitator. First of all, the upper sensor block (sensors 27-29) and the lower sensor block (sensors 30-32) are turned on. The block 18 of acoustic emitters is switched on by a signal from a control device 34, which, according to the indicators of sensors 27-32, monitors the state of the measured thermodynamic parameters and the flow parameters of the converted hydrocarbons, compares these values with the parameters of the setpoint vector and sets the operating modes of the block of acoustic emitters, which includes a block 22 high-frequency and 23 low-frequency vibration-generating elements. By controlling the characteristics of the vertical, horizontal and axial-helical orientations of the acoustic fields acting on the well fluids, they are converted into lighter hydrocarbons, liquefied to the desired consistency, floated and removed from the well.

The most optimal is the mode of cracking and controlled production of light hydrocarbons during the interaction of the cavitator 5 and the electric pump 70 immersed in the well on the tubing string 8 of the cavitator 5 (Fig. 13), which is controlled by the cavitator control device 34. An electric pump 70 is mounted at the agreed distance above the cavitator. adjustable capacity, which is connected by an electric signal cable 75 to the cavitator 5, then the design of this column is immersed in the well. In this mode, the combined effect of low-frequency acoustic exposure is used, which creates the conditions for intensifying the processes of oil filtration from the bottom hole of the formation and the inter-well space (not shown) to the system of perforation holes 4 and cracking oil in the bottom zone of the well 1 and in the annular space 72 of the well 1 Device 5 is prepared for the most efficient mode of operation. At the same time, electric energy of industrial frequency 50 Hz and a voltage of 0.4 kV is supplied via a cable 7 through a current lead 21 (electrical connector) to the input of the voltage converter of the power supply 33, where it is rectified to the nominal value necessary for the operation of all systems and elements of the downhole device 5, the cyclogram of which is shown in FIG. 10. Below are explanations and designations made on the cyclogram, where:

1 and 9 are diagrams for including the upper and lower sensor blocks, respectively;

2 - dependence of the acoustic power of the claimed device - cavitator 5 from time to time;

3 is a timing diagram of a change in the velocity of longitudinal vibrations in a fluid between a sound generator 29 and a sound receiver 32;

4 is a timing diagram of the inclusion of the last pair of vibrating elements 24;

5 is a timing diagram for turning on the next pair of vibrating elements 24;

6 is a timing chart for turning on a second pair of vibratory generating elements 24;

7 is a timing diagram for including a pair of vibrating elements of a low-frequency broadband generator of acoustic vibrations of a field of longitudinal and transverse waves;

8 is a timing diagram for including a first pair of lower vibratory generating elements.

The designations adopted on the diagrams are:

T - the period of the full cycle of the measurement system and the vibrating elements of the acoustic emitter from the lowest to the highest (on the side surface of the downhole tool - cavitator 5);

t ₁ -t ₀ is the period for measuring the thermodynamic and velocity characteristics of the hydrocarbon stream in the annular space 11 between the cavitator 5 and the inner wall of the casing string 10;

t ₁ - the moment of the beginning of the generation of the first pair of horizontal ultrasonic field of the vibrating elements 24 of the lowest acoustic element 46 and the completion of the sensors of the measurement system (monitoring);

t ₂ - the moment of the beginning of the generation of the horizontal ultrasonic field by the first pairs of vibrating elements 24 of the lowest acoustic emitter 46, as well as the beginning of the generation of the broadband 70 of the low-frequency field 77 (Fig. 10);

t ₃ - the moment of the beginning of the generation of the horizontal ultrasonic field by the last pairs of vibrating elements 24 of the lowest acoustic emitter 46 and the end of the last pair of vibrating elements 25 of the broadband acoustic emitter 47;

t ₄ - the moment of the beginning of the generation of the horizontal ultrasonic field by the first pairs of vibrating elements 24 of the second acoustic emitter 46;

t ₅ - the moment of the end of the generation of the horizontal ultrasonic field by the first pairs of vibrating elements 24 of the second acoustic emitter 46, and also the beginning of the generation of the low-frequency broadband field 77;

t ₆ - the moment of the beginning of the generation of the horizontal ultrasonic field by the last pairs of vibrating elements 24 of the acoustic emitters 46, as well as the end of the generation of the low-frequency broadband field 77;

t ₇ - the moment of the end of the generation of the horizontal ultrasonic field of the last pair of vibrating elements 24 of the second acoustic emitter 46 and the beginning of the generation of the horizontal ultrasonic field of the first pairs of vibrating elements 24 of the next acoustic emitter 46;

t ₈ - the moment of the beginning of the generation of the horizontal ultrasonic field of the first pair of vibrating elements of the next acoustic element, as well as the beginning of the generation of the low-frequency broadband field:

t ₉ - the moment of the beginning of the generation of the horizontal ultrasonic field by the last pairs of vibrating elements 24 of the next acoustic element 46 and the end of the last pair of vibrating elements 25 of the broadband acoustic emitter 47;

t ₁₀ - the moment of the end of the generation of the horizontal ultrasonic field of the last pair of vibrating elements of the next acoustic element and the beginning of the generation of the horizontal ultrasonic field of the first pairs of vibrating elements 24 of the subsequent acoustic element 46;

t ₁₁ - the moment of the end of the generation of the horizontal ultrasonic field of the last pair of vibrating elements of the previous acoustic element and the beginning of the generation of the horizontal ultrasonic field of the first pairs of vibrating elements 24 of the upper acoustic element 46;

t ₁₂ - the moment of the beginning of the generation of the horizontal ultrasonic field of the first pair of vibrating elements 24 of the uppermost acoustic element 46, as well as the beginning of the generation of the low-frequency broadband field 77:

t ₁₃ = T is the period of the full cycle of the measurement system and the vibrating elements 24 of the acoustic emitters 46 from the lowest to the highest and pairwise combinations of neighboring vibrating elements.

t ₄ -t ₁ is the period of a full revolution of the horizontal acoustic field around the lowest acoustic emitter 24, while t ₄ -t ₁ = t ₇ -t ₄ = ... = t _i -t _i-3 = t ₁₃ -t ₁₀ , 4≤i≤9;

t _i -t _i-3 is the period of a full revolution of the horizontal acoustic field around; i-th acoustic emitter 46;

In the event of failure of the sensors or in the case when the values of the monitored parameters are outside the limits of the set point, the control device 34 automatically turns off the downhole device - cavitator 5.

The signals are continuously removed from the sensors 27-32, installed in the upper and lower parts of the device 5, monitor the process. These sensors are constantly on, however, information is acquired periodically, at predetermined time intervals, in accordance with the sequence diagram shown in FIG. 10.

To do this, through the bus 54 open the channel for information retrieval from the upper block 19 and the lower sensor block 20. In this case, the longitudinal wave velocity and its absorption coefficient in the annular space 11 between the cavitator and the casing pipe at a predetermined distance between the sound generator 29 and the sound receiver 32 are recorded and stored in the memory of the microprocessor 48, and the medium temperature in the gas-liquid stream 28, 31, pressure 27 is also recorded , 30 at the ends of the downhole tool 5. In the control device 34, the ratio of these values determines the dynamic viscosity coefficient of the fluid. In this case, the values of temperature and pressure, as well as their difference, are taken into account. The coefficient of dynamic viscosity, the value of the coefficient of hydraulic resistance, gas and water content of the fluid, its speed in the pipe space are calculated. These data are compared with the values of the settings entered when setting up the microprocessor 48, which is part of the control device 34. The mismatch of the listed current values of the parameters characterizing the fluid flow and the values of the parameters of the settings vector is the basis for the issuance of control actions blocks 64-67 control actions to the work of the executive bodies of the downhole tool - cavitator 5.

Using the control device 34, acoustic fields of a given periodicity and power are formed that are necessary to create a stable oriented cavitation flow in which oil cracking and downhole transport of hydrocarbons to the surface are carried out using a pump 70 with a remote-controlled volumetric flow rate.

As feedback for the operation of the control device, current information is taken from the upper and lower sensors 27-32, as well as the values of the settings. Information from the sensors and the settings are the basis for the operation of the control device 34. This analog information is converted into digital form using analog-to-digital converters 56-61. As the main component of the control device 34 includes a downhole microprocessor 48. It contains its software. The control device 34 automatically takes and issues a decision on the operating modes of the generators 36, 37, power amplifiers 39, 40 and switches 42, 43, forming the work of acoustic emitters 46,47 as actuators.

The magnitude of the components of the setpoint vector, which is installed in the microprocessor 48 of the control device 34 of the cavitator 5, is determined during the study of the process of ultrasonic dosed controlled cracking of oil of a particular field on a special sonar bench. The laboratory bench, which is used to physically simulate the process of cracking crude oil, consists of a mechanical, hydrodynamic, hydraulic, acoustic, electronic, acoustic system, a security system, control and management, a data acquisition and processing system.

The claimed group of inventions provides the following technical result:

- improving efficiency by reducing the energy intensity of the process;

- improving efficiency by reducing the duration of the production cycle, including the extraction (production) of oil, its preparation and processing into the final product;

- reduction of capital costs for the implementation of the process by eliminating equipment for the preparation and processing of oil into the final product.

EXAMPLES OF SPECIFIC IMPLEMENTATION OF THE INVENTED METHODS

Example 1

At a hypothetical well of the Kokhanovsky oil field, located in the Yavorivsky district of the Lviv region, the method of processing the bottom-hole zone was carried out using acoustic impact on the oil reservoir. The well was filled with a water-hydrocarbon fluid, which prior to treatment had a qualitatively-quantitative composition and such property indicators, which are presented in tables 1-3.

Table 1 Oil characteristics Molecular Weight, Yes Density, formation oil, kg / m ³ Viscosity of plastic oil, MPa · s Gas holding,
m ³ / t Saturation Pressure MPa Temperature, K Oil type solidification start boiling 457 949 452 26 9.81 288 383 IIIT ₃ P ₂
IIIT ₃ P ₂ table 2 Oilfield Characteristics Field mode Field Height, m Depth on the roof, m Porosity coefficient, rel. Permeability, 1 · 10 ^-3 microns ² Saturation coefficient Reservoir pressure, MPa Formation temperature, K Saturation Pressure, MPa Elastic and dissolved gas 175 1300 0.284 26 0.95 11.1 330 9.81 Table 3 Key development indicators Years Annual production Average flow rate, t / day Water cut,% Total production Gas factor, m ³ / t Well stock, pcs. Oil, thousand tons Liquids, thousand tons Gas, million m ³ oil, t / day liquids, t / day Oil, thousand tons liquids. thousand tons Gas, million m ³ 1987 2,8 3.8 0.1 7.8 10.8 26.3 15.7 22.3 0.4 46 3 1988 4.2 5.9 0.1 3.3 4.8 28.8 19.9 28,2 0.6 33 5 1989 5.5 9.9 0.1 3.0 5,4 44,4 25,4 38.1 0.7 21 6 1990 4.7 9.9 0.1 2.1 4,5 52,5 30.1 48.0 0.8 24 7 1991 3.6 8.2 0.1 1,6 3.8 56.1 33.7 56.2 0.9 thirty 7 1992 2,4 6.0 0.1 1,5 3.6 60.0 36.1 62,2 1,0 40 6 1993 2.1 4,5 0.1 1.4 3,1 53.3 38,2 66.7 1,1 37 3

The method was carried out using the diagnosis of the bottom-hole zone, in which such indicators as fluid density, viscosity, vertical speed, temperature, reservoir pressure, gas content, water content, fractional composition, average daily flow rate of the well for oil, water, gas were diagnosed; pressure at the wellhead, the velocity of the longitudinal wave near the bottom of the formation, the amplitude of the ultrasonic vibrations at the output of the vibrating element, which is in the state of the oscillator and the amplitude of the reflected vibrations at the inlet of the vibrating element, which is in the receiver state, the absorption coefficient of acoustic energy in the bottom zone and in the reservoir.

The bottom-hole zone was irradiated with a system of vibration-generating elements (ultrasonic emitters) in the form of a horizontal cellular structure of vibration-generating elements with adjustment of such parameters of the irradiation mode as radiation intensity, which is measured as the ratio of the power of the vibration-generating element to its effective area (W / cm ² ), the duration of each vibration-generating element (duration of an acoustic pulse), the speed of rotation of the acoustic field of a longitudinal wave around a low-frequency acoustics eskogo emitter total processing time well bottom zone, the dependence of electric power consumed cavitator time.

In this case, the acoustic effect on the oil-bearing formation (irradiation) was carried out using a horizontally directed acoustic field, which had such frequency-amplitude, energy and other indicators, which are presented in table 4.

Table 4 Intensity, W / cm ² Vertical scan speed, m / s Horizontal Scanning Speed, m / s Duty rate,% Horizontal field rotation frequency, s ^-1 Duration of exposure, h fifteen 0 0 fifty 0 12

An axial-screw acoustic field was created by switching vibration-generating elements (emitters) with the possibility of creating a p-dimensional field honeycomb structure, where p = 6.

As a result of such treatment of the bottom-hole zone with the help of acoustic impact on the oil-bearing formation, hydrocarbon raw materials were obtained from the well, which has such a qualitatively-quantitative composition and such property indicators as shown in Table 5.

Table 5 The flow rate of the well, t / day. Viscosity, MPa · s Density, kg / m ³ Molecular Weight, Yes Water cut,% Gas content, m ³ / t 6.0 452 949 457 58.6 26

Example 2

The conditions of Example 1 were fulfilled, in which a vertically directed acoustic field of a standing wave was created due to interference of coherent (in-phase) emissions of vibrating elements of the source, and a horizontally directed acoustic field in the form of a traveling wave field was created in the form of a rotational horizontally directed acoustic field with a frequency of rotation ω = 1 Hz, which are presented in table 6.

Table 6 Intensity, W / cm ² Vertical scan speed, m / s Horizontal Scanning Speed, m / s Duty rate,% Horizontal field rotation frequency, s ^-1 Duration of exposure, h 40 0 0 fifty one 12

The results were obtained as in Example 1, which are presented in table 7.

Table 7 The flow rate of the well, t / day. Viscosity, MPa · s Density, kg / m ³ Molecular Weight, Yes Water cut,% Gas content
m ³ / t 6.0 452 949 457 55.6 29th

Example 3

The conditions of Example 2 were fulfilled, in which a rotational horizontal directional acoustic field has a rotation frequency of ω ₁ = 50 Hz, which are presented in table 8.

Table 8 Intensity, W / cm ² Vertical scan speed, m / s Horizontal Scanning Speed, m / s Duty rate,% Horizontal field rotation frequency, s ^-1 Duration of exposure, h 40 0 0 60 1000 24

Got almost the same results, which are presented in table 9.

Table 9 The flow rate of the well, t / day. Viscosity, MPa · s Density, kg / m ³ Molecular Masa, Yes Water cut,% Gas content
m ³ / t 6.5 452 949 457 55.6 29th

Example 4

The conditions of Example 2 were fulfilled, in which a rotational horizontal directional acoustic field has a rotation frequency of ω ₁ = ₁ kHz. The results are presented in table 10.

Table 10

Intensity, W / cm ² Vertical scan speed, m / s Horizontal Scanning Speed, m / s Duty rate,% Horizontal field rotation frequency, s ^-1 Duration of exposure, h 40 0 0 60 1000 27

Got the same, but improved results, which are presented in table 11.

Table 11 The flow rate of the well, t / day. Viscosity, MPa · s Density, kg / m ³ Molecular Weight, Yes Water cut,% Gas content, m ³ / t 12,2 430 932 452 54 32

Example 5

The conditions of Example 2 were fulfilled, in which a rotational horizontal directional acoustic field has a frequency of rotation ω ₁ ≥0.001 MHz, which are presented in table 12.

Table 12

Intensity, W / cm ² Vertical scan speed, m / s Horizontal Scanning Speed, m / s Duty rate,% Horizontal field rotation frequency, s ^-1 Duration of exposure, h 40 0 0 fifty 10,000 12

Got such results, which are presented in table 13, which are not satisfactory due to the fact that a large horizontal frequency of rotation of more than 10 kHz does not improve performance.

Table 13 The flow rate of the well, t / day. Viscosity, MPa · s Density, kg / m ³ Molecular Weight, Yes Water cut,% Gas content, m ³ / t 4.2 452 942 457 55 thirty

Example 6

The conditions of Example 2 were fulfilled, in which a horizontally directed acoustic field has a rotation frequency of ω ₁ ≥0.001 MHz, which are presented in table 14.

Table 14 Intensity
W / cm ²
Vertical speed
scan
m / s Horizontal Scan Speed
vania
m / s Goodness
% Rotation frequency
horizontal
fields, s ^-1 Duration
irradiation, h 40 0 0 fifty 150 12

The same results are obtained, which are presented in table 15, satisfactory due to the fact that there is no positive effect of the influence of the acoustic field on the bottomhole formation zone.

Table 15 The flow rate of the well, t / day. Viscosity, MPa · s Density, kg / m ³ Molecular Weight, Yes Water cut,
% Gas content
m ³ / t 3.8 452 940 456 56 32

Example 7

The conditions of Example 2 were fulfilled, in which the rotation of the acoustic field was carried out if possible inertialess change of direction of rotation, which are presented in table 16. The same results were obtained as in Example 6.

Table 16 The flow rate of the well, t / day. Viscosity, MPa · s Density, kg / m ³ Molecular Weight, Yes Water cut,% Gas content
m ³ / t 6 452 949 457 58.9 27

Example 8

The conditions of Example 2 were fulfilled, in which a rotational horizontally directed acoustic field of the traveling wave was created at a controlled frequency to provide a multi-resonant regime of interaction between the formation rocks and the fluid, which are presented in table 17.

Table 17 Intensity W / cm ² Vertical scan speed, m / s Horizontal Scanning Speed, m / s Duty rate,% Horizontal field rotation frequency, s ^-1 Duration of exposure, h 80 0 0 40 one 12

Got the same, but improved results, which are presented in table 18.

Table 18 The flow rate of the well, t / day. Viscosity, MPa · s Density, kg / m ³ Molecular Weight, Yes Water cut,% Gas content
m ³ / t 7.2 452 949 457 58.9 27

Example 9

Fulfilled the conditions, as in the previous Examples. As feedback, we additionally used such amplitude-phase-frequency characteristics of the reflected wave as its energy spectrum, as well as qualitative and quantitative parameters of the fluid, such as its viscosity, vertical speed, temperature, pressure, gas content, water content, and fractional composition, which are presented in table 19.

Table 19 Intensity, W / cm ² Vertical scan speed, m / s Horizontal Scanning Speed, m / s Duty rate,% Horizontal field rotation frequency, s ^-1 Duration of exposure, h 500 0 0 fifty one 12

Got the same, but improved results, which are presented in table 20.

Table 20 The flow rate of the well, t / day. Viscosity, MPa · s Density, kg / m ³ Molecular Weight, Yes Water cut,% Gas content, m ³ / t 6.8 452 949 457 57.2 31

Example 10

At the same well, simultaneously with the treatment of its bottom zone, ultrasonic cracking of hydrocarbon compounds was carried out, while the annular space of the well between the active surface of the emitters and the inner surface of the walls of the well or formation was used as a reactor, a mixture of hydrocarbon compounds with water and gas dissolved in oil was used. Acoustic (ultrasonic impact on the mixture) was performed in layers parallel to the cross section of the ultrasonic reactor. In the field of decomposition of water into H ⁺ and OH ^- ions and the conversion of the water – hydrocarbon compounds with gas dissolved in it, the regime of standing waves was carried out, and the action of ultrasonic waves on the treated mixture was carried out over the entire volume of the reactor core occupied by the mixture, with taking into account the monitoring of cracking results. The cracking process was carried out in the developed cavitation mode in the treated mixture with the transition of liquid hydrocarbons and water to the vapor-gas phase, the breakdown of water molecules and long hydrocarbon oil molecules into components (radicals) with hydrogenation and / or alkylation of the latter with the formation of light hydrocarbons. To create an acoustic field, a downhole device (cavitator) was used, which was placed in the cracking zone, and using the cavitator, an acoustic field was formed with a given direction (geometric shape), periodicity (frequency), intensity (power) and quantization (dosage), which are necessary and sufficient to create a stable oriented cavitation flow, in which the oil was cracked and its downhole transport to the wellhead.

At the same time, the bottom-hole zone was additionally exposed to a spatially discrete axial-screw acoustic field with the energy, frequency and other characteristics that are presented in table 21, which displays a range of values that affect the processes occurring in the well, as well as their values .

Table 21 Intensity, W / cm ² fifteen 25 40 fifty 70 85 105 200 Duration of radiation, μs one hundred 250 500 1000 1500 2000 5000 7500 Speed m / s 690 640 520 630 680 720 860 458 Vertical field speed, mm / s 3 6 8 10 25 fifty one hundred 1000 Axial screw field frequency, kHz 0.01 0.1 0.5 1,0 fifty 200 1000 2000 Circular frequency, kHz 0.001 0.05 0.1 1,0 1,220 22.0 40,0 75.0 Processing time, h 5 10 24 48 48 24 10 24 Electric power, kW 2,8 2.9 3.2 3,1 2.2 1.8 1,5 1,0

Monitoring was carried out for such parameters of the mixture as the density of the fluid, its viscosity, the rate of vertical movement of the flow in the well, its temperature, pressure, gas content, water content, fractional composition, and for such parameters of the oil reservoir saturated with fluids, which are presented in table 22.

In addition, monitoring was also carried out for such amplitude-phase-frequency characteristics of the reflected waves and vibrating elements, such as the velocity of the longitudinal reflected wave.

The generalized result is 532 data tables, the most typical of which are presented in table 22. Analysis of these data shows that the well production rate has significantly increased due to downhole oil cracking and the water cut has decreased, the gas content has increased significantly, its chemical composition has changed, characteristics that are not are given in table 1, 2, such as pour point, ignition temperature, temperature of crystallization onset, mass fraction of sulfur, ash, coking, and other basic oystva. A typical case is shown in table 23.

Table 22 Characteristics of hydrocarbons produced by downhole oil cracking Molecular mass, Density, reservoir oil kg / m ³ Viscosity, reservoir oil MPa · s Gas content
m ³ / t Saturation Pressure, MPa Temperature, K Type of hydrocarbon. solidification start boiling 326 782 0.815 0.08 279 278 279 741 0.759 0.11 268 255 364 796 0.826 0.12 280 286 322 772 0.763 0.08 278 279 334 761 0.753 0.08 267 282 332 759 0.768 0.08 270 282 Oil characteristics (for comparison) 457 949 452 26 9.81 288 383 IIIT ₃ P ₂
IIIT ₃ P ₂ Table 23 The flow rate of the well, t / day. Viscosity, MPa · s Density, kg / m ³ Molecular Weight, Yes Water cut,% Gas content, m ³ / t 16.3 0.79 781 356 12.3 57.6

Example 11

Fulfilled the conditions as in the previous Example. At the same time, a dosed, non-stationary, spatially distributed, moving in the vertical, horizontal and axial-screw directions acoustic field in the form of simultaneously acting vertically and horizontally directed acoustic fields, which form the total field due to the interference in space and time, was used in the cracking process fields whose characteristics are presented in table 24.

Table 24 Intensity W / cm ² Vertical scan speed Horizontal speed Goodness
% Horizontal Speed Duration of exposure, h m / s scan, m / s total field, s ^-1 200 0.1 10 fifty 10,000 12

Got the same result as the representations in table 25.

Table 25 The flow rate of the well, t / day. Viscosity, MPa · s Density, kg / m ³ Molecular Weight, Yes Water cut,% Gas content, m ³ / t 15.6 0.73 760 311 16 56

Example 11

The conditions were fulfilled, as in Example 9. In this case, the field of standing waves formed due to the interference of coherent (in-phase) radiation from two adjacent vibrating elements of the field source was used as a vertically directed acoustic field, and a field that rotates in horizontal plane with an angular frequency of rotation of ω = 20 kHz, and axially discrete in space and time was used as an axially directed acoustic field a helical-aline-helical field, which was created by switching the vibrating elements of the emitter with the creation of a p-dimensional field honeycomb structure. where p = 60, which is presented in table 26.

Table 26 Intensity, W / cm ² Vertical scan speed, m / s Horizontal Scanning Speed, m / s Duty rate,% Horizontal field rotation frequency, s ^-1 Duration of exposure, h 500 0.1 10 60 45000 12

Got the same result, which is presented in table 27.

Table 27 The flow rate of the well, t / day. Viscosity, MPa · s Density, kg / m ³ Molecular Weight, Yes Water cut,% Gas content, m ³ / t 16.8 0.711 730 284 18.3 78

Example 12

The conditions were fulfilled, as in Example 9. The velocity of the acoustic field in the annulus of the well was the amount that is necessary and sufficient to create light hydrocarbons, transport them to the wellhead and production, and which is presented in table 28.

Table 28 Intensity, W / cm ² Vertical scan speed, m / s Horizontal Scanning Speed, m / s Duty rate,% Horizontal field rotation frequency, s ^-1 Duration of exposure, h 80 0.26 10 fifty thirty 12

Boules obtained results, which are presented in table 29.

Table 29 The flow rate of the well, t / day. Viscosity, MPa · s Density. kg / m ³ Molecular Weight, Yes Water cut,% Gas content, m ³ / t 17,2 0.72 792 291 16.6 63,2

Example 13

The conditions were fulfilled, as in Example 9. The frequency of the acoustic field corresponded to the resonant cavitation state of the liquid mixture, which are presented in table 28, and amounted to f = 10 ⁶ Hz.

Got the same result as the representations in table 30.

Table 30 The flow rate of the well, t / day. Viscosity, MPa · s Density, kg / m ³ Molecular Weight, Yes Water cut,% Gas content, m ³ / t 17.1 0.721 794 292 16.6 63.0

Example 14

The conditions were fulfilled, as in Example 13. In this case, the frequency of the acoustic field corresponded to the resonant cavitation state of the liquid mixture and amounted to f = 20 · 10 ³ Hz.

Table 31 Intensity, W / cm ² Vertical scan speed, m / s Horizontal Scanning Speed, m / s Duty rate,% Horizontal field rotation frequency, s ^-1 Duration of exposure, h 80 0.26 10 fifty thirty 12.6

Got the same result, which is shown in table 32.

Table 32 The flow rate of the well, t / day. Viscosity, MPa · s Density, kg / m ³ Molecular Weight, Yes Water cut,% Gas content, m ³ / t 17.32 0.72 792 291 13,4 63

Example 15

The conditions were fulfilled, as in Example 13. In this case, the frequency of the acoustic field corresponded to the resonant cavitation state of the liquid mixture with the specific physicochemical characteristics that are presented in table 2 and amounted to f = 6 · 10 ⁸ Hz.

Table 33 Intensity, W / cm ² Vertical scan speed, m / s Horizontal Scanning Speed, m / s Duty rate,% Horizontal field rotation frequency, s ^-1 Duration of exposure, h 80 0.26 10 fifty thirty 12

Got the same results, which are presented in table 34.

Table 34 The flow rate of the well, t / day. Viscosity, MPa · s Density, kg / m ³ Molecular Weight, Yes Water cut,% Gas content, m ³ / t 17.1 0.726 764 293 16,4 63.0

Example 16

The conditions were fulfilled, as in Example 13. At the same time, the frequency of the acoustic field corresponded to the resonant cavitation state of the liquid mixture with the specific physicochemical characteristics that are presented in table 2 and amounted to f = 10 ³ Hz.

Table 35 Intensity, W / cm ² Vertical scan speed, m / s Horizontal Scanning Speed, m / s Duty rate,% Horizontal field rotation frequency, s ^-1 Duration of exposure, h 80 0.26 10 45 thirty 24

Received an unsatisfactory result, which is presented in table 36, due to the fact that the insufficient intensity of the acoustic field was used with its increased frequency.

Table 36 The flow rate of the well, t / day. Viscosity, MPa · s Density, kg / m ³ Molecular Weight, Yes Water cut,% Gas content, m ³ / t 4.8 330 861 402 43 8.6

Example 17

The conditions were fulfilled, as in Example 13. At the same time, the frequency of the acoustic field corresponded to the resonant cavitation state of the liquid mixture with the specific physicochemical characteristics shown in Table 2 and was f = 10 ⁹ Hz.

Table 37 Intensity, W / cm ² Vertical scan speed, m / s Horizontal Scanning Speed, m / s Goodness
% Horizontal field rotation frequency, s ^-1 Duration of exposure, h 80 0.13 10 0.6 thirty 12

In the modes shown in table 37, an unsatisfactory result was obtained, which is presented in table 38, due to the fact that insufficient acoustic field power was used at a reservoir pressure of 11.1 MPa, which did not cause the developed cavitation mode.

The result is shown in the table. 38

Table 38 The flow rate of the well, t / day. Viscosity, MPa · s Density, kg / m ³ Molecular Weight, Yes Water cut,% Gas content, m ³ / t 7.2 412 843 396 38 8.1

Example 18

The conditions were fulfilled, as in Example 9. At the same time, the duration of the developed cavitation state in the local zone of the annulus of the well, where the cracking process of the oil was provided, which corresponded to the resonant cavitation state of the liquid mixture with the specific physicochemical characteristics shown in Table 2, was t = 10 ^-8 s.

Table 39 Intensity, W / cm ² Vertical scan speed, m / s Horizontal Scanning Speed, m / s Duty rate,% Horizontal field rotation frequency, s ^-1 Duration of exposure, h 80 0.12 10 60 thirty 24

In the modes indicated in table 39, we got the same result, which is presented in table 40.

Table 40 The flow rate of the well, t / day. Viscosity, MPa · s Density, kg / m ³ Molecular Weight, Yes Water cut,% Gas content, m ³ / t 6.2 413 844 396 39 8.1

Example 19

The conditions were fulfilled, as in Example 9. Moreover, the duration of the developed cavitation state in the local zone of the annular space of the well, where the oil cracking process was provided, which corresponded to the resonant cavitation state of the liquid mixture with such specific physicochemical characteristics as shown in Table 2, was t = 1.8 · 10 ^-9 s.

Table 41 Intensive
nost
W / cm ² Speed
vertical
foot scan
m / s Speed
the horizon
total
scanned
Ny, m / s Goodness
% Frequency
rotation
horizontal
fields, s ^-1 Duration of exposure, h 80 0.12 10 fifty thirty 12

When the modes shown in table 41 received approximately the same result, which is reflected in table 42.

Table 42 The flow rate of the well, t / day. Viscosity, MPa · s Density, kg / m ³ Molecular Weight, Yes Water cut,
% Gas content
m ³ / t 6.4 412 844 396 40 8.6

Example 20

The conditions were fulfilled, as in Example 9. At the same time, the existence of the developed cavitation state in the local zone of the annulus of the well, where the cracking process of the oil was provided, which corresponded to the resonant cavitation state of the liquid mixture with such specific physicochemical characteristics, are presented in table 2, amounted to t = 50 · 10 ^-6 s.

Table 43 Intensity, W / cm ² Vertical scan speed, m / s Horizontal Scanning Speed, m / s Duty rate,% Horizontal field rotation frequency, s ^-1 Duration of exposure, h 400 0.10 10 fifty thirty 12

In the modes indicated in table 43, the same result was obtained, which is presented in table 44.

Table 44 The flow rate of the well, t / day. Viscosity, MPa · s Density, kg / m ³ Molecular Weight, Yes Water cut,% Gas content, m ³ / t 7.8 413 840 336 34 10,2

Example 21

The conditions were fulfilled, as in Example 9. At the same time, the existence of the developed cavitation state in the local zone of the annulus of the well, where the cracking process of the oil was provided, which corresponded to the resonant cavitation state of the liquid mixture with such specific physicochemical characteristics, are presented in table 2, was t = 10 ^-3 s.

Table 45 Intensity, W / cm ² Vertical scan speed, m / s Horizontal Scanning Speed, m / s Duty rate,% Horizontal field rotation frequency, s ^-1 Duration of exposure, h 80 0.10 10 fifty thirty 12

Under the conditions indicated in table 45, an unsatisfactory result was obtained, which is presented in table 46, due to the fact that the time of acoustic irradiation of oil was exaggerated. In the process of downhole oil cracking, very light hydrocarbons were formed (a wide fraction of light hydrocarbons).

Table 46 The flow rate of the well, t / day. Viscosity, MPa s Density, kg / m ³ Molecular Weight, Yes Water cut,% Gas content
m ³ / t 6.1 402 838 396 38 10.8

Example 22

The conditions were fulfilled, as in Example 9. At the same time, the existence of the developed cavitation state in the local zone of the annulus of the well, where the cracking process of the oil was provided, which corresponded to the resonant cavitation state of the liquid mixture with such specific physicochemical characteristics, are presented in table 2, was t = 10 ^-10 s.

Table 47 Intensity, W / cm ² Vertical scan speed, m / s Horizontal Scanning Speed, m / s Duty rate,% Horizontal field rotation frequency, s ^-1 Duration of exposure, h 80 0.10 fifteen fifty thirty 12

When implementing the process conditions shown in table 47, an unsatisfactory result was obtained, which are presented in table 48 due to the fact that the oil was intensively converted into light hydrocarbons.

Table 48 The flow rate of the well, t / day. Viscosity, MPa · s Density, kg / m ³ Molecular Weight, Yes Water cut,% Gas content
m ³ / t 7.2 413 840 396 37 11.1

Example 23

The conditions were fulfilled, as in Example 9. The physicochemical properties of the hydrocarbons that were produced amounted to the values shown in table 2, and the thermodynamic conditions had the indicators shown in table 47.

Moreover, at the local point of the well zone, the magnitude of the quanta (doses) of acoustic energy at which the cracking was carried out was ΔЕ = 10 ^-6 J.

Got the same result as in Example 9.

Example 24

The conditions were fulfilled, as in Example 22. The physicochemical properties of the hydrocarbons that were produced are shown in Table 2, and the thermodynamic conditions had those indicators that are presented in Table 47

Moreover, at the local point of the well zone, the magnitude of the quanta (doses) of acoustic energy. at which cracking was performed, was ΔE = 0.18 · 10 ^-9 J.

Got the same result, which is presented in table 50.

Table 49 The flow rate of the well, t / day. Viscosity, MPa · s Density, kg / m ³ Molecular Weight, Yes Water cut,% Gas content, m ³ / t 6.1 450 942 455 380 25,4

Example 25

The conditions were fulfilled, as in Example 22. The physicochemical properties of the hydrocarbons that were produced amounted to the values shown in table 2, and the thermodynamic conditions had those indicators that are presented in table 47.

Moreover, at the local point of the well zone, the magnitude of the quanta (doses) of acoustic energy. at which they cracked, it was ΔЕ = 1 · 10 ^-4 J.

Got the same result, which is presented in table 50.

Table 50 The flow rate of the well, t / day. Viscosity, MPa · s Density, kg / m ³ Molecular Weight, Yes Water cut,% Gas content, m ³ / t 17.1 0.722 767 293 16,0 63

Example 26

The conditions were fulfilled, as in Example 22. The physicochemical properties of the hydrocarbons that were produced are shown in Table 2, and the thermodynamic conditions had the same indicators as shown in Table 47.

Moreover, at the local point of the well zone, the magnitude of the quanta (doses) of acoustic energy. at which they cracked, it was ΔЕ = 1 · 10 ^-3 J.

Table 51 Intensity, W / cm ² Vertical scan speed, m / s Horizontal Scanning Speed, m / s Duty rate,% Horizontal field rotation frequency, s ^-1 Duration of exposure, h 500 0.10 10 fifty thirty 12

An unsatisfactory result was obtained, which is presented in table 52, due to the fact that the specific energy of the acoustic field exceeded the nominal one, in this case excessive radiation occurred and mainly light hydrocarbons were created.

Table 52 The flow rate of the well, t / day. Viscosity, MPa · s Density, kg / m ³ Molecular Weight, Yes Water cut,% Gas content, m ³ / t 16.6 0.721 764 294 18.2 58

Example 27

The conditions were fulfilled, as in Example 22. The physicochemical properties of the hydrocarbons that were produced are shown in Table 2, and the cracking conditions had the same indicators as shown in Table 53. At the same time, the magnitude of the quanta (doses) of acoustic energy at the local point of the well zone at which they cracked, it was ΔЕ = 1 · 10 ^-13 J.

Table 53 Intensity W / cm ² Vertical scan speed, m / s Horizontal Scanning Speed, m / s Duty rate,% Horizontal field rotation frequency, s ^-1 Duration of exposure, h 1200 0.05 10 25 twenty 24

The unsatisfactory result was obtained, which is presented in table 54, due to the fact that the specific energy of the acoustic field was significantly higher than the nominal, therefore, as a result, excessive irradiation occurred and mainly light hydrocarbons - fatty gases were created.

Table 54 The flow rate of the well, t / day. Viscosity, MPa · s Density, kg / m ³ Molecular Weight, Da Water cut,% Gas content, m ³ / t 25 0.06 4.67 82 1.37 281

The claimed group of inventions provides the following technical result:

- increased efficiency by reducing the energy intensity of the process;

- increase in efficiency by reducing the duration of the production cycle, which includes oil production, its preparation and processing into the final product;

- reduction of capital costs for the implementation of the process by eliminating equipment for the preparation and processing of oil into the final product.

Information sources

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The designations adopted in the description of patent application No. 2002053982 No. p / p Title Abbreviation one Bottomhole zone 2 Well 3 Oil reservoir four Formation perforation 5 Downhole Cavitator 6 Bottom hole 7 Geophysical Cable 8 Tubing 9 Lifting Tool (Lifting Device) 10 Casing string eleven Cement plug 12 Wellhead flange 13 Upper cylinder fourteen Middle cylinder fifteen Lower cylinder 16 Control block BOO 17 Clutch Locator eighteen Block of acoustic emitters BI 19 Upper Sensor Unit twenty Lower sensor unit 21 Current lead with cable connector KR 22 Block of high-frequency acoustic emitters RFI 23 Block of low-frequency acoustic emitters NCHI 24 High frequency vibrating element 25 Low frequency vibrating element 26 Rigid cylindrical frame 27 Upper pressure sensor 28 Upper temperature sensor 29th Sound generator thirty Lower pressure sensor 31 Lower temperature sensor 32 Sound receiver 33 Power Supply BP 34 Control device UU 35 Generator block BG 36 Low frequency generator LFO 37 High frequency generator GHF 38 Power amplifier unit BOOM 39 Low frequency power amplifier ULF 40 High frequency power amplifier UHF 41 Switch block BC 42 Low frequency switch NK 43 High frequency switch VK

The designations adopted in the description of patent application No. 2002053982 44 45 Ground power supply 46 High frequency emitter HF 47 Low frequency emitter Inc 48 Microprocessor MP 49 Clock generator Gtch fifty Software block PMO 51 Setting block BOO 52 Control actions calculation block RVUV 53 Assessment and Comparison Block OSB 54 Tire1 55 A / D Converter Unit ADC 56 ADC-P ₁ 57 ADC-R ₂ 58 ADC-T ₁ 59 ADC-T ₂ 60 ADC-V _p 61 ADC-α 62 Tire 2 63 Digital to Analog Converter Unit DAC 64 DAC control signal low-frequency generator 65 DAC control signal RF generator 66 DAC control signal bass switch 67 DAC control signal RF switch 68 Logging hoist 69 Pump pump 70 Electric pump 71 The boundary between the phases "gas - liquid" 72 The annular space between the cavitator and the casing. 73 Wellhead 74 Shank 75 Power cable 76 Logging hoist or winch 77 Broadband LF field (form) 78 Direction of rotation of the LF field

Claims (30)

1. The method of processing the bottom-hole zone of the well by acoustic impact on the oil-bearing formation, in which the bottom-hole zone is diagnosed, the bottom-hole zone is irradiated with a system of vibrating elements in the form of ultrasonic emitters with the parameters of the irradiation mode adjusted according to feedback results, while the acoustic-exposure is performed using simultaneously operating vertically and horizontally directed acoustic fields, characterized in that the bottom-hole zone up to they are additionally exposed to an axially-screwed acoustic field that is discrete in space, and this effect is simultaneously performed by means of vertically and horizontally directed acoustic fields, while an axially-screwed acoustic field is created by switching the oscillating elements of the emitter with the possibility of creating a p-dimensional field honeycomb structure. 2. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the vertically directed acoustic field of the standing wave is created due to the interference of coherent (in-phase) radiation of the vibrating elements of the emitter. 3. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that a horizontally directed acoustic field of the traveling wave is created in the form of a rotating horizontally directed acoustic field with a frequency of rotation ω. 4. The method according to claim 3, characterized in that the rotation frequency of a horizontally directed acoustic field is ω = 0.001-10 MHz. 5. The method according to claim 3, characterized in that the rotation of the acoustic field is carried out with the possibility of inertia-free change of direction of rotation. 6. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the horizontally directed acoustic field of the traveling wave creates an adjustable frequency to provide a multi-resonance mode of interaction between the formation rock and the fluid. 7. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the amplitude-phase-frequency characteristics of the reflected wave, as well as quantitative and qualitative parameters of the fluid, are additionally used as feedback. 8. The method according to claim 7, characterized in that the fluid parameters used for feedback are selected from the series consisting of fluid density, viscosity, vertical speed, temperature, pressure, gas and water content, fractional composition, combinations thereof . 9. The method according to claim 1, characterized in that the treatment of the bottom-hole zone of the well and of the interwell space is carried out simultaneously with downhole cracking of crude oil and pumping of the hydrocarbons obtained in the cracking process. 10. The method of ultrasonic cracking of hydrocarbon compounds, mainly crude oil, consisting in the conversion of these compounds, mainly in their decomposition, which is carried out in an ultrasonic reactor using a mixture of these compounds with water and gas dissolved in oil, in which the acoustic effect on the mixture is performed in layers in parallel the cross section of the ultrasonic reactor, while in the field of decomposition of water into H + and OH + ions and the conversion of the mixture "water - hydrocarbon compound with dissolved in it "use the standing wave mode, and the effect of ultrasonic waves on the treated mixture is carried out over the entire cross-sectional area of the mixture taking into account the results of monitoring the cracking results, characterized in that the annular space of the oil and gas well between the active surface of the emitter and the inner surface of the walls of the well is used as an ultrasonic reactor and / or casing pipes, and the action of ultrasonic waves is carried out over the entire volume of the reactor core occupied by the water-carbon mixture a hydrogen-hydrogen compound with dissolved gas ", while the cracking process is conducted in the developed cavitation mode in the treated mixture, with the transition of liquid hydrocarbons and water to the vapor-gas phase, the water molecules and long hydrocarbon molecules that make up the oil break up into their constituents — radicals with hydrogenation and / or by alkylation of the latter and the formation of light hydrocarbons, to create an acoustic field, a cavitator device is used, which is placed in the cracking zone and with the help of which an acoustic field is formed this direction, geometric shape, frequency, intensity and quantization, necessary and sufficient to create a stable, oriented cavitation flow in which the oil is cracked and transported downhole to the wellhead, and the parameters are monitored for the mixture and the oil reservoir saturated with fluids, amplitude -phase-frequency characteristics of the reflected waves and vibrating elements. 11. The method according to claim 10, characterized in that they use a dosed, non-stationary, spatially distributed, vertically, horizontally and axially helical directions moving acoustic field in the form of simultaneously acting vertically and horizontally directed acoustic fields, creating a total field due to interference in time and space of the constituent fields. 12. The method according to claim 11, characterized in that as a vertically directed acoustic field using a field of standing ultrasonic waves generated due to interference of coherent radiation of two or more adjacent vibrating elements that are the source of the field, use a field as a horizontally directed acoustic field rotating in a horizontal plane with an angular frequency of rotation ω, and a discrete in space and time is used as an axially directed acoustic field paraxial screw-acoustic field which is produced by the switching elements vibrogeneriruyuschih emitter to generate p-dimensional field of the honeycomb structure. 13. The method according to claim 11, characterized in that the velocity of the acoustic field in the annulus of the well is the amount that is necessary and sufficient to create light hydrocarbons, their downhole transportation and extraction from the well. 14. The method according to claim 11, characterized in that the frequency of the acoustic field corresponds to the resonant cavitation state of the liquid or liquid mixture with specific physicochemical characteristics of the produced fluids and is f = 20 · 10 ³ ÷ 6 · 10 ⁸ Hz. 15. The method according to claim 11, characterized in that the lifetime of the developed cavitation state in the local zone of the annular space of the well, where the cracking process is provided, is selected depending on the physicochemical properties of the produced hydrocarbons and depending on the time required for their conversion into isomers of a given molecular and component composition, which is t = 1.8 · 10 ⁹ ÷ 50 · 10 ^-6 s. 16. The method according to claim 11, characterized in that the interval of quanta of acoustic energy at which cracking is conducted at a local point in the well zone, i.e. the interval in which the cracking process is provided depends on the physicochemical properties of the produced hydrocarbons and thermodynamic conditions and is ΔE = 0.18 · 10 ^-12 ÷ 1 · 10 ^-4 J. 17. The method according to claim 11, characterized in that the phase shift interval between the vertically directed and axial-helical acoustic fields, i.e. the phase difference at which the cracking process is provided is Δφ = - _^1/2 π ÷ + _^1/2 π. 18. The method according to claim 10, characterized in that the treatment of the bottomhole zone of the well and of the interwell space is carried out simultaneously with downhole cracking of crude oil and pumping of hydrocarbons obtained during cracking. 19. The method according to claim 10, characterized in that as the parameters of the mixture and the oil reservoir saturated with the fluids being monitored, use parameters selected from the series consisting of the density of the fluid, its viscosity, speed of vertical movement, temperature, pressure , gas and water, fractional composition and their combination. 20. A device for acoustic processing of the bottom-hole zone of a well, comprising a housing, a control unit, a block of acoustic emitters, a locator of couplings, sensors, current lead and rigging device, characterized in that the device is made in the form of a downhole device - cavitator with the possibility of downhole cracking of hydrocarbons located in case, which is made integral in the form of adapters coaxially connected to each other, mainly in the form of couplings, three tight, collapsible cylinders, in one of which is installed n control unit, in another - a block of acoustic emitters, and in the third - a locator of couplings, while the block of acoustic emitters is made in the form of a set of vibrating elements spaced in space, placed on a rigid cylindrical frame connected to the body and made with the possibility of creating discrete space and time of horizontal, vertical and axial-screw acoustic fields, and sensors used are indicators of fluid state indicators, sensors of physical and mechanical parameters moat wave processes and the amplitude-frequency characteristics vibrogeneriruyuschih elements and sensors which characterize the quantity and quality of the final product downhole petroleum cracking. 21. The device according to claim 20, characterized in that the control unit is mainly installed in the upper cylinder of the housing, and the block of acoustic emitters is mainly in the lower cylinder of the housing. 22. The device according to claim 20, characterized in that the control unit (BU) 16 comprises a power supply unit (PSU) 33, a control device (UU) 34, a generator unit 35 (BG), a power amplifier unit 38 (BOOM) 38, a unit 41 switches (BC), as well as block 18 of acoustic emitters (BI), while block 35 of generators (BG) is made with at least one generator 36 low frequency (LF) and / or at least one generator 37 high frequency (HHF) ), the power amplifier unit 38 (BOOM) is made with at least one low-frequency power amplifier (VLF) 39 and / or at least one m power amplifier 40 high frequency (UHF), the block 41 of the switches (BC) is made with at least one switch 42 of the vibrating elements of low frequency (NK) and / or at least one switch 43 of a high frequency (VK), and block 18 acoustic emitters (BI) is made in the form of a block 23 of low-frequency emitters (LFR), containing at least one emitter 47 of low frequency (LF), and / or block 22 of high-frequency emitters (HFM), containing at least one emitter 46 of high frequency ( HPI), while the power supply has its own input through a current lead 21 with a cable connector (КР) via a cable-cable it is electrically connected to a ground power source 45, and its outputs - to a control device 34 (CU) and the remaining elements of block 16 (CU), outputs 1 and 2 of a control device 34 (CU ) are connected respectively to the inputs of the low-frequency generator (LF) and / or high-frequency (HHF), which are connected with their outputs to the first input of the low-frequency power amplifier (VLF) and / or, respectively, with the first input of the high-frequency power amplifier (UHF), outputs which through the switch 42 low frequency (NK) and / or, respectively, high-frequency switch (VC) 43 are connected to the inputs of the respective low-frequency emitters (IF) and / or, respectively, high-frequency emitters (HF), the electrical outputs of which are connected to the corresponding negative feedback inputs of low-frequency amplifiers ( VLF) and / or correspondingly high frequency (UHF), while the acoustic outputs of the LF and / or HF emitters are also the corresponding acoustic outputs of the block 18 of acoustic emitters (BI) and the block 16 is controlled I (BU). 23. The device according to p. 22, characterized in that the control device (UU) 34 contains a microprocessor (MP) 48, a clock generator 49 (clock), block 50 software and software (PMO) of the microprocessor, block 51 settings (BU) based on experimental information on the parameters of the cavitation process in a specific hydrocarbon feedstock from a specific reservoir under specific thermodynamic conditions, block 52 of the calculation of the vector of control actions (RVUV), block 17 locator couplings, block 53 assessment and comparison of parameters (OSP) flow fluids in the hydrocarbon conversion zone and in the bottomhole zone, block 55 of the analog-to-digital converters (ADC) of the primary information, as well as block 63 of digital-to-analog converters (DAC) of control actions, the first input of the microprocessor MP is electrically connected to the output of the clock generator of the GTC, the second - with the output of the software and mathematical support unit of the software, the third - with the output of the setting block of the control unit, the fourth - with the output of the control unit for calculating the vector of control actions of the HVAC, the fifth - with the output of the locator block of 17 couplings, and six th through bus 54 - with outputs of analog-to-digital converters 56-61 (ADC) of block 55 of analog-to-digital converters (ADC), and the output of the microprocessor MP is electrically connected to bus 62, the outputs of which are connected to the inputs of block 63 of digital-to-analog converters (DAC), the outputs of which are the outputs of the block 63 digital-to-analog converters (DAC) and at the same time - the outputs 1-4 of the control device 34 (UE). 24. The device according to claim 20, characterized in that the block 18 of acoustic emitters (BI) is made in the form of a sequential set of acoustic emitters coaxially mounted on a rigid cylindrical frame made in the form of cylinders with a flat base, electrically isolated from each other on the surface of the bases, in this case, vibration generating elements electrically isolated from each other are installed in each acoustic emitter so that their emitting surfaces coincide with the lateral cylindrical surface of the acoustics of the radiator and in the center of the vibrating element are orthogonal to the radius of the cylindrical surface. 25. The device according to paragraph 24, wherein the block 18 of acoustic emitters (BI) is made in the form of a set of low-frequency emitters, which is installed in the lower part of the housing, and a set of high-frequency emitters, which is installed in the upper part of the housing. 26. The device according to claim 20, characterized in that the sensors of the indicators of the state of the fluid used sensors of physical and mechanical quantities, selected from the series consisting of the density of the fluids, their viscosity, the velocity of the vertical fluid flow, temperature and pressure in the upper and lower parts of the downhole tool - cavitator, gas and water content, fractional component composition, their combination. 27. The device according to claim 20, characterized in that as sensors of the physicomechanical parameters of the wave processes and the amplitude-frequency characteristics of the vibrating elements, value sensors are used selected from the series consisting of voltages, currents, frequencies, electrical powers, voltage phases and currents of vibrating elements, velocities, amplitudes, phases, absorption coefficients of direct longitudinal, reflected longitudinal, direct transverse and reflected transverse acoustic waves, their combinations. 28. The device according to claim 20, characterized in that as sensors of quantities characterizing the quantity and quality of the final product of downhole cracking of oil, used are sensors of quantities selected from the series consisting of instant (current) flow rate, fluid density, viscosity, speed vertical movement of the fluid flow, gas and water content, fractional component composition, their combination. Priorities for items: 05/15/2002 - claims 1-16, 18-28; 05/15/2003 - p.17.

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