RU2285063C1 - Device for supply of current to electrolyzers provided with lower introduction of anodes for production of magnesium - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: non-ferrous metallurgy; production of magnesium by electrolysis process of molten salt of metal chlorides; devices for supply of current to electrolyzers provided with lower introduction of anodes.

SUBSTANCE: proposed device includes anode unit made from carbon-containing material and current supply bus in form of steel plate which are interconnected by means of electric conductor made from bars fitted in electric contact plug on one side and passed through hole in plate on other side and rigidly connected on external surface of this plate by means of washer. Plate and anode unit have holes of equal diameter located opposite each other. Ends of bars are rigidly fastened together and are secured with washer. Inner diameter of this washer exceeds total diameter of bars. Washer is provided with bore; it is received by hole in plate at spaced relation and is welded to plate over side surface. Holes of anode may be made in its end face and at the side. Plate may be secured to anode unit from below and at both sides. Ratio of width of hole in anode unit to depth of hole is equal to 1: (1-1.8).

EFFECT: smooth supply of current to anode unit; reduced losses of electric power at electrolysis; increased service life of contact unit and electrolyzer.

6 cl, 2 dwg

Description

The invention relates to non-ferrous metallurgy, in particular to the production of magnesium by electrolysis of molten salts of metal chlorides, and in particular to devices for supplying current to electrolyzers with a lower input of anodes.

A device is known for supplying current to an electrolyzer for producing magnesium with a lower anode input (AS USSR No. 279961, publ. 08.28.1970, bull. 27), including graphite bars installed in a cast-iron current lead (jacket) located in the lining of the hearth the electrolyzer, the anode busbar connected directly to the cast iron current supply of the anode. Such a device can reduce the voltage loss on the cell.

The disadvantage of this device is the presence of large losses of electricity in the contact zone of the metal-graphite due to increased transient resistances. These resistances are constantly increasing due to physicochemical processes in the metal-graphite contact zone and require manual compensation (maintenance) by cleaning the contact point and tightening the bolt connection, this leads to a decrease in the current output of magnesium and premature stopping of the cell to replace the destroyed part of the anode block .

A device for supplying current is known (A.S. 756894, publ. 27.02.2000, bull.6), including a casing with a lining, an anode block inserted through the bottom of the lining, mounted in cast iron contact heads, which are equipped with soldered metal-graphite anode contacts "Installed in a steel cassette attached to the casing of the cell. By reducing the voltage drop in the anode assembly, this design can reduce energy consumption, as well as prevent the penetration of electrolyte to the anode contacts.

The disadvantage of this design of the electrolyzer is that it leads to large losses of electricity through the cast iron contact heads and to large labor costs for the manufacture of such a contact node.

A device is known for supplying current to electrolyzers with a lower input of anodes (Art. One of the ways of energy saving in the production of magnesium. - B.E. Paton, V.I. Lakomsky, V.A. Lebedev, etc. - J. Non-ferrous metals, 2004 - No. 6, pp. 90-93), which, according to the number of common features, was taken as the closest prototype analogue and includes an anode block of carbon-containing material, a current-carrying bus made in the form of a steel plate, electrical plugs and an electrical conductor made in the form of a beam of rods material of the busbar placed in the electrical contact These plugs pass through the hole of the plate and are rigidly attached to the outer surface of the plate with a washer.

The disadvantage of this device is the low mechanical reliability at possible relative displacements of the graphite electrode and the metal busbar (temperature deformation, displacements during installation, etc.), as well as the fact that when current is transmitted through the steel plate, current leakage occurs when the current passes to the anode block.

The technical result is aimed at eliminating the disadvantages of the prototype and to ensure uniform current transfer to the anode block, to reduce energy loss during electrolysis and to increase the life of the contact node and the entire cell as a whole.

The technical result is achieved by the fact that a device is proposed for supplying current to electrolyzers with a lower input of anodes for producing magnesium, including an anode block of carbon-containing material and a current-carrying bus in the form of a steel plate, interconnected by an electrical conductor from rods installed on one side of the electrical contact tube, and on the other hand, passed through the hole of the plate and rigidly fixed to the outer surface of the plate with a washer, the new thing is that in the plate and in the anode block made equal diameter apertures arranged closely opposite to each other, the conclusions rods rigidly fastened to each other and with the washer, the inner diameter is larger than the total size of the diameter of the rod, the washer is formed with a groove installed in the hole of the plate and is welded with a gap along the side surface of the plate.

In addition, the holes in the anode block are made in the end.

In addition, the holes in the anode block are made on the side.

In addition, the plate is attached to the anode block from the bottom.

In addition, the plate is attached to the anode block on the side from two sides.

In addition, the ratio of the width of the hole in the anode block to the depth of the hole is 1: (1-1.8).

The analysis of the prior art by the applicant, including a search by patent and scientific and technical sources of information, and the identification of sources containing information about analogues of the claimed invention, allowed to establish that the applicant did not find a source characterized by features that are identical (identical) to all the essential features of the invention. The definition from the list of identified analogues of the prototype, as the closest in the totality of the characteristics of the analogue, made it possible to establish a set of significant distinguishing features relative to the technical result perceived by the applicant in the claimed device for supplying current to the electrolyzer with a lower input of anodes for producing magnesium set forth in the claims. Therefore, the claimed invention meets the condition of "novelty"

To verify the compliance of the claimed invention with the condition "inventive step", the applicant conducted an additional search for known solutions in order to identify signs that match the distinctive features of the claimed device from the prototype. As a result of the search, no new sources were found, and the claimed objects did not follow explicitly for the specialist, since the influence of the transformations provided for by the essential features of the claimed invention was not revealed from the prior art determined by the applicant to achieve a technical result. Therefore, the claimed invention meets the condition of "inventive step"

Figure 1 shows a device for supplying current to electrolyzers with a lower input of anodes for producing magnesium, figure 2 is a side view of the attachment to the anode block of the plate. The device includes an anode block 1 of carbon-containing material with holes 2, a steel plate 3 with holes 4, interconnected by rods 5, mounted on one side in an electrical contact plug 6, and on the other hand passed through a hole in the plate and rigidly fixed to the outer surface plates with a washer 7 with a groove 8 installed with a gap 9 in the hole of the plate, the holes are made of equal diameter, placed closely opposite each other, the conclusions of the rods are rigidly fastened to row and a washer. In this case, the holes on the anode block are made at the end or side with the ratio of the width of the hole in the anode block to the hole depth equal to 1: (1-1.8), the plate is attached to the block from the bottom or side from two sides.

The device operates as follows.

Pre-prepared by drilling holes 2 on the anode block 1 of carbon-containing material on the side or bottom of the end when the ratio of the width of the holes in the anode block to the hole depth equal to 1: (1-1.8). Then, holes 4 are prepared in the steel plate 3 with the ratio of the width of the hole to the depth of the hole equal to 1: (1-1.8) The anode block is heated to a temperature of 1800 ° C using a dugotron and an electrical contact plug 5 of alloy is poured into the hole 2 of the anode block 1 steel and set the bundles of steel rods 6. On the end face of the anode block 1 impose a close steel plate 3 with the same locations of the holes as in the anode block. The rods 6 are passed through the holes 4 of the plate and the washer 7 and, using semi-automatic welding, are fastened together and welded to the washer 7. The washer, whose inner diameter is larger than the total diameter of the rods, is provided with a groove 8, which is installed in the hole 4 with a gap 9 of the steel plate and welded to the plate by semi-automatic welding. The finished device is installed on the bottom and the electrolyzer is mounted to produce magnesium.

The cell operates as follows. Raw materials - anhydrous carnallite with a magnesium chloride content of 48-50% in the form of a melt are loaded into a collection cell, from where it enters the electrolytic compartments through transfer windows in the partition. The operation mode of the cell at an electrolyte temperature of 670-720 ° C and a current density of 0.2-0.3 A / cm ² . When direct current passes through the electrodes, the molten feed decomposes, while chlorine is released at the anode, and magnesium is released at the cathode. Magnesium is transported through the windows to the collection cell, from where it is unloaded with a vacuum ladle and sent to the consumer.

Thus, the proposed design of a device for supplying current to an electrolyzer with a lower input of anodes for magnesium production allows to reduce electric energy losses by reducing the transient electrical resistance of the anode bar - current supply by more than 2 times, reduce labor costs for the manufacture of the unit, increase the resistance of the anode bars and thereby to increase the life of the cell as a whole.

Claims (6)

1. A device for supplying current to electrolytic cells with a lower input of anodes for producing magnesium, comprising an anode block of carbon-containing material and a current-carrying bus in the form of a steel plate, an electrical conductor from interconnected rods installed on one side of the electrical plug, and on the other hand passed through the hole of the plate and rigidly fixed to the outer surface of the plate with a washer, characterized in that holes of equal diameter are made in the plate and in the anode block, placed tnuyu opposite each other findings rods rigidly fastened to each other and with the washer, the inner diameter is larger than the total size of the diameter of the rod, the washer is formed with a groove installed in the hole of the plate and is welded with a gap along the side surface of the plate. 2. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the holes in the anode block are made at the end. 3. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the holes in the anode block are made on the side. 4. The device according to claim 2, characterized in that the plate is attached to the anode block from the bottom. 5. The device according to claim 3, characterized in that the plate is attached to the anode block on the side from two sides. 6. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the ratio of the width of the hole in the anode block to the depth of the hole is 1: (1-1.8).

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