RU2282822C2 - Container for explosive freights - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: safe carriage, storage and servicing of freights.

SUBSTANCE: the chamber for the freight is fastened to the container body. A heat shield is positioned around the chamber, it is positioned inside the shock-proof shield. The heat shied is made as a multilayer one of high-temperature metal, the extreme layers at the end faces are connected with formation of a sealed cavity that is vacuumized, at least one intermediate layer is positioned in it, it is provided with fixation members relative to the adjacent layers. The layers and the fixation members are faces with a high-temperature coating with a mirror surface.

EFFECT: enhanced efficiency due to improved heat-shielding properties and resistance to impact loads.

4 cl, 4 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of safe transportation, storage and maintenance of environmentally and explosive cargo, in particular, to special containers designed to ensure the safe handling of environmentally, radioactive and explosive cargo, especially in regions with high social tension and sabotage danger, as well as in conditions emergencies during transportation and storage (fire, fall, collision, backache with bullets and fragments).

A container for explosive cargo is known (patent RU No. 20155499, publ. 30.06.94, IPC F 42 B 39/00), including a detachable body, an internal armor chamber for accommodating cargo, which is also detachable and attached to the body by means of elastoplastic bearings racks. Around the camera there is a protection made in the form of deviation-crushing and dissipative screens, an elastically deformable retaining barrier is mounted inside the camera, and a heat-protective coating of material based on heat-foaming graphites is applied to the outer surface of the housing and the camera. The disadvantage of this container is that it does not protect the environment and protect the cargo from explosion during prolonged exposure to fire (from 1 to 10 hours) with simultaneous exposure to vibro-shock loads from surrounding elements and products falling on the container and shock wave effects from neighboring explosive loads . Foaming heat-shielding coating with prolonged exposure to temperature loses its strength properties and crumbles (collapses when dropped, capsized, impact).

Another container for explosive and ecologically dangerous goods is known (patent RU No. 2113689, publ. 06/20/98, IPC F 42 B 39/00), in which the disadvantages of the previous are partially eliminated. The container contains a detachable body, an internal conical armor chamber for accommodating cargo, docked to the body, around which thermal protection is made of granular ceramic material with a dispersion of 200-500 microns. The bottom of the body is made of alternating layers: a fine-mesh metal mesh, coarse-grained mineral wool and fireproof wood. The camera is equipped with a branch channel in the form of a bell, tapering towards the bottom. The disadvantage of this container is that it, like the previous one, does not protect the cargo from explosion during prolonged exposure to fire.

A known container for explosive cargo, selected as a prototype as the closest to the claimed one according to the number of similar features and the task to be solved (patent RU No. 2065565, publ. 20.08.96, IPC F 42 B 39/00). This container includes a housing, which is a steel front screen, an armored camera for accommodating cargo, equipped with support brackets for connecting to the housing, an intermediate steel screen in the form of a dissipative barrier, shock absorbing protection around the camera in the form of a flat spiral made of high-strength sheet steel, perforated round holes and located inside the chamber, on its inner surface, multilayer thermal protection in the form of a quilted cover formed by two layers of heat resistant fibrous material such as Arimida-T or CBM, with each layer lined with fabric from the same material. Outside, a heat-resistant protective coating made from heat-foaming graphites is applied to the surface of the chamber by spraying or painting.

The disadvantage of this container is that it does not protect the explosive cargo from sunburn or thermal explosion during high-intensity long-term fires. For reliable protection of explosive cargo during prolonged fires, heat protection from heat-resistant fibrous material placed inside the chamber should have a significant thickness, which leads to an increase in the size of the container, the thermo-foaming coating does not have the required strength at high temperature. In addition, during fires and intense loads, most of the protective properties of this container are lost and it becomes further unstable to mechanical stress.

The task to which the invention is directed is to create a container design for explosive cargo that provides protection of the cargo from shock loads and thermal effects during prolonged intense fires (from 1 to 10 hours) while optimizing the overall weight and size characteristics of the container.

The technical result that can be obtained by using the present invention is to increase the efficiency of the container by improving the heat-shielding properties and resistance to shock loads (exclusion of tanning and explosion of cargo) during prolonged, many-hour fires in storage facilities, burning of fuel tanks, transportation accidents and etc.

The specified technical result is achieved due to the fact that in the container for explosive goods, including the housing, a chamber for accommodating cargo with a device for securing it to the housing, multilayer heat protection, the layers of which are lined with heat-resistant material and shock-absorbing protection placed around the camera, the heat protection is placed outside the camera, shock-absorbing protection is made of two parts spaced relative to each other and in the interval between them, layers of thermal protection are installed, which in turn are relative to each other also placed with a gap, while the extreme layers are placed close to the shock-absorbing protection and connected to each other at the ends to form an internal airtight cavity, which is evacuated and in which at least one intermediate layer is placed, with the ends separated from the ends of the extreme layers and provided with fixation elements in in the form of point supports relative to nearby layers, the layers and claddings being made of heat-resistant metal, and the surfaces of the claddings are mirror-like.

Heat-protective layers can be made of fragments spaced relative to each other, while in the gap between them place elements of the device for attaching the camera to the body.

The device for attaching the camera to the housing can be equipped with thermal pads.

Placing thermal protection outside the chamber makes it possible to expand the choice of protective material and apply more effective protective properties to complex thermomechanical influences.

The implementation of shock absorbing protection of two parts spaced relative to each other allows you to place layers of thermal protection between them, which reduces the pressure on them of external influences, increases their resistance to mechanical shocks, overloads, makes it possible to maintain heat-shielding properties during prolonged thermomechanical influences, and when the use of bulletproof to eliminate the depressurization of the internal cavity between the extreme layers.

Placing the extreme layers of thermal protection close to the shock-absorbing protection makes it possible to ensure vibration resistance of the layers during transportation, without rigidly connecting them to the body, to achieve a more uniform distribution of pressure on thermal protection during mechanical stresses, which generally leads to an increase in the protective properties of the container.

The installation of thermal insulation layers with a gap relative to each other allows to reduce the thermal conductivity of the entire structure. The connection of the extreme layers of thermal protection at the ends with the formation of a sealed cavity, which is vacuumized, allows to reduce the heat transfer rate with minimal gaps, since the thermal conductivity of the vacuum gaps is lower than modern heat-insulating materials, which makes it possible to create a compact effective thermal protection.

The introduction of at least one intermediate layer into a sealed evacuated cavity, the ends of which are separated from the ends of the extreme layers, allows you to create two or more series-connected vacuum gaps, which further increases the efficiency of thermal protection, and reduce heat transfer in the zone of power circuit layers.

The supply of the intermediate layer with fixing elements in the form of point supports eliminates the closure of the layers and the vacuum gap during mechanical stress on the container, and the area of the support zones relative to the surface of the layers is an insignificant fraction and does not have a significant shunt effect on the layers, while ensuring the required rigidity and strength designs. The implementation of layers and claddings of heat-resistant metal allows you to create impact-resistant heat protection with a minimum layer thickness (<1 mm).

Performing facings with a mirror surface provides a reflection of part of the heat flux acting on the container, reducing the heat transfer coefficient, which delays the heating of all thermal protection over time.

To improve ease of use during assembly-disassembly and to provide a power circuit for securing the camera in the container, thermal protection is performed in the form of radial fragments, in the gaps between which are placed the elements of the device for attaching the camera to the body. To reduce the shunting effect of these elements on the heat transfer of the layers of thermal protection, they are provided with thermal pads made on the basis of materials having a high value of the phase transition heat at temperatures realized during fires. To reduce the shunting effect of the fixation elements of the intermediate layer of thermal protection on the thermal conductivity of the structure, they are faced in the same way as the layers are heat-resistant coating with a surface with a mirror finish.

Figure 1 shows a General view of the inventive device;

figure 2 shows a section of a container;

figure 3 shows a diagram of thermal protection;

figure 4 shows the device for mounting the camera to the housing, where:

1 - housing;

2 - camera;

3 - elements of the device for mounting the camera to the housing;

4 - layers of thermal protection;

5 - heat-resistant coating of layers;

6, 7 - shock absorbing protection;

8 - ends of the extreme layers of thermal protection;

9 - a sealed cavity inside the layers of thermal protection;

10 - an intermediate layer of thermal protection;

11 - end face of the intermediate layer of thermal protection;

12 - fixing elements of the intermediate layer (point supports);

13 - thermal pads with filler;

14 - bulletproof fragmentation protection;

15 - a layer of basalt;

16 - hole in the wall of the point support

That is the temperature on the outer surface of the heat shield

ΔT ₁ , ΔT ₂ , ΔT ₃ - temperature differences between the layers of thermal protection;

T ₄ - temperature on the inner surface of the heat shield.

An example of a specific implementation of the inventive device can serve as a container for explosive cargo, for example, products, including explosives.

The container consists of a detachable housing 1 (1, 2), a detachable chamber 2 for accommodating cargo made of sheet steel. Around the camera is shock-absorbing protection made of heat-resistant foam or hollow glass microspheres (glass powder) and consisting of 2 parts 6, 7, between which layers of thermal protection 4, made of titanium or heat-resistant steel, are installed. The extreme layers are made with a thickness of 0.5 mm, the intermediate layer is 0.2 mm. The extreme layers adhere to the shock absorbing protection over the entire surface.

Thermal protection consists of 2 fragments installed in the axial direction relative to each other with a gap. In each fragment, the extreme layers are welded together at the ends 8 (Fig. 4) with the formation of a sealed cavity 9 (Fig. 1,3), which is evacuated and in which at least one intermediate layer 10 (Fig. 3) is placed, with the ends 11 departing from the ends 8 of the extreme layers (figure 4). The layers are placed relative to each other with a gap of 1 ÷ 2 mm. Thus, the thickness of thermal protection with three layers is 3.2 ÷ 5.2 mm. The intermediate layer is equipped with point supports made of titanium 12, which are cylindrical thin (~ 0.3 mm) cylindrical tubes 1-2 mm high. The surface area of the support zones of the tubes is less than 1% of the surface area of the intermediate layer. The titanium layers and supports are nitrided to obtain a thin film of titanium nitride, which is a heat-resistant lining 5, which practically does not change the blackness coefficient at temperatures of 400 ÷ 1000 ° C. The surface of the cladding is polished to a mirror finish. The device for attaching the camera to the housing (Fig. 4) is made in the form of conical suspensions equipped with thermo-pads 13 filled with sodium hydroxide at the ends. The thermofoaming STK-1 coating is applied to the surface of the cone. The cones are mounted in the gaps between the fragments of thermal protection. Titanium and vacuum layers are surrounded by shock and bulletproof shields 6 and 14.

The container in case of accidents works as follows. In the process of shock, fall, the container body 1 and the shock-absorbing protection 6, 7 (Figs. 1, 2) dampen the loads transmitted to the thermal insulation layers 4 and the chamber 2 with an explosive load.

For heat removal from the inside of the container during standard operation, elements of the device for attaching the camera 2 to the housing 1 are used, made in the form of conical suspensions 3 (Fig. 1, Fig. 4).

In the event of a fire, the heat flux heats the container body 1 and passes through the compacted glass powder 6 to heat protection 4. The external mirror lining 5 of the outermost layer of thermal protection 4 reflects part of the heat flux into the glass powder 6, reducing heat transfer into the container. Then the intermediate shell 10 (Fig. 3) performs the same function with respect to the heat flux that has passed through the vacuum gap in the cavity 9. Then, as it warms up during a long fire (more than several hours), the next layer of thermal protection 4 comes into effect (Fig. 3) .

Considering that the thermal conductivity of vacuum gaps is several orders of magnitude lower than the most modern heat-insulating materials, the heating of each subsequent layer is delayed in time. As a result of this, and taking into account the high reflectivity of the facings 5 (FIGS. 2 and 3) of the layers in vacuum, this thermal protection design allows you to significantly increase the effective reflective surface for the heat flux and reduce the temperature of the explosive cargo.

Estimates show that the proposed design of thermal insulation with a thickness of 3 ÷ 10 mm provides reliable protection of explosive cargo from sunburn and explosion during long hours of fires with a temperature on the container body of ~ 800 ÷ 1000 ° С. Such thermal protection is more effective than protection from basalt fiber with a thickness of 150 mm.

Layers of thermal protection 4 from both sides are pressed by shockproof protection 6, 7 (Fig.1, 2), which increases vibration resistance during transportation. To impart rigidity to the thermal protection structure 4 and to prevent the layers from closing when loaded, the intermediate layer 10 (Fig. 4) is equipped with point supports 12, with holes 16 (Fig. 2), which during operation of the container allow you to maintain gaps between the layers and leave them interconnected between by itself at the ends 11 of the intermediate layer 10. Thereby, the effectiveness of thermal protection during impacts is preserved. Cone pendants are equipped with thermal pads 13 (Figs. 1, 4) filled with a substance with a high value of the heat of phase transformations, which reduces the temperature transmitted from them to the chamber. When the titanium and vacuum layers are surrounded by shock and bulletproof shields 6 and 14 (FIG. 2), depressurization of thermal protection 4 during shocks and crosshairs is excluded.

The proposed container design is resistant to temperatures in the range 400 ÷ 1000 ° with a fire duration of up to several hours and mechanical shock with an acceleration of 5000 ÷ 10000 m / s ² . None of the known structures (in such dimensions) can withstand such levels of accidental impacts.

Claims (4)

1. A container for explosive goods, comprising a housing, a chamber for accommodating cargo with a device for securing it to the housing, a multilayer heat shield, the layers of which are lined with heat-resistant material, and an shock absorbing protection placed around the chamber, characterized in that the heat shield is located outside the chamber, the shock absorbing protection is made of two parts spaced relative to each other, and in the gap between them, layers of heat protection are installed with a gap relative to each other, while the extreme layers are placed close to the shock absorption protective protection and are interconnected at the ends with the formation of an internal airtight cavity, which is evacuated and in which at least one intermediate layer is placed, with the ends spaced from the ends of the extreme layers and provided with fixing elements in the form of point supports relative to nearby layers, the layers being made of heat-resistant metal with the application of heat-resistant mirror coatings on them. 2. The container according to claim 1, characterized in that the thermal insulation layers are made of fragments mounted relative to each other with gaps in which elements of the device for attaching the camera to the housing are placed. 3. The container according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the device for attaching the camera to the housing is equipped with thermal pads filled with a substance with a high value of the heat of phase transformations. 4. The container according to claim 1, characterized in that the lining elements of the intermediate layer are coated with a lining made of heat-resistant metal with a mirror surface.

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