RU2281798C2 - Filtering sorbing material for individual's breathing organ protection means - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: pulp-and-paper industry, in particular, production of materials used in individual's breathing organ protecting means for protecting from aggressive and toxic substances.

SUBSTANCE: composition contains cheap fibrous cellulose base filled with high-dispersion activated carbon of mixed composition with gluing of composition by means of binder.

EFFECT: improved combination of components in predetermined ratio providing for effective protection of breathing tracts from aggressive air medium.

2 cl, 1 tbl

Description

The invention relates to the pulp and paper industry, in particular to the production of filter sorbent material used in personal protective equipment for respiratory organs (RPE) from potent and toxic substances (SDYAW), namely vapors and aerosols of ammonia, chlorine, acrolein, decane, dimethylamine and t .d. in catastrophes and emergency situations.

Known filter material for protecting respiratory organs mainly from toxic aerosol substances / patent RU 2151628 C1 /. The composition for the manufacture of filter material contains a mixture of microfine glass fibers of various diameters, cotton cellulose and activated carbon in an amount of 20-30 wt.%.

The main disadvantages of the filter material based on microfine glass fibers are significant resistance to air flow (from 63 to 74 Pa), which does not meet modern requirements for RPD, and the insufficient sorption capacity of the material with the introduction of the sorbent from 20 to 30 wt.%.

Known filter element made in the form of a face mask and consisting of folded layers. The filter element contains layers of woven or non-woven activated carbon fibers. The layers are separated from one another by particles containing thermoplastic material, for example, polyvinyl chloride, polyethylene and activated carbon, and are connected (for example, by heating) with at least one of the adjacent layers. The filter element may have a layer of fiberglass and as a reinforcing layer - a cotton mesh canvas / application No. 1476761, UK, MKI B 01 D 46/00, 46/10, 46/52 /.

The adsorption fabric made of activated carbon fibers used in this face mask as a sorption layer is characterized by high sorption properties. However, such a fabric has low strength, which makes it difficult to use it in the manufacture of multilayer filtering materials, and the significant cost of adsorption fabric is unacceptable when creating RPEs for widespread use in catastrophic conditions.

In addition, the weakness of such a face mask is the fixation of the sorbent - activated carbon using polymer compounds, which leads to a loss of sorption capacity and a sharp decrease in physiological and hygienic properties.

Also known is carbon fiber material according to TU 2282-173-00209556 / prototype /.

Made from a synthetic fiber - a copolymer of acrylonitrile with methyl acrylate, filled with highly dispersed activated carbon, the material has little ability to absorb and bind harmful substances. At the same time, the high cost of carbon-filled synthetic material does not meet the requirements of efficiency, which allows its widespread use.

The objective of the invention is:

1. The creation of a sorbent material that can be used as a sorption layer in the manufacture of highly effective chemical protective RPDS, available for use by a large number of people in a disaster.

2. The use in the composition of components that provide effective protection of the respiratory tract, giving the material the necessary strength and elasticity, and the presence of which in the composition of the sorbing material is acceptable according to sanitary and hygienic requirements.

The problem is solved in that the composition of the sorbent material includes a cheap fibrous base filled with highly dispersed activated carbon of a mixed composition with a composition bonded with a binder in the following ratio of components, wt.%:

Unbleached sulfate cellulose 14-18,5 Mercerized sulphate cellulose 45-35 Activated carbon 35-45 Binder 0.5-1.0 Aluminum sulphate 1-5

The sorbent material was made by a method known from the pulp and paper industry from unbleached sulfate pulp with the introduction of finely divided coal and a binder into the mass.

Unbleached sulphate pulp was processed on a roll until the grinding degree of 28 ± 2 ° SR was achieved, mixed-activated carbon was added and mixed thoroughly.

Another part of sulfate unbleached pulp was treated with a strong solution of sodium hydroxide (mercerization) with a concentration of NaOH of 160-180 g / dm ³ and kept at a water ratio of 1: 6 for 1.5 hours. Mercerized cellulose was washed with cold water until a phenolphthalein neutral reaction was added to the pulp.

To impart moisture resistance to the material, the composition was glued with a polyamide amine epichlorohydride resin, followed by the addition of aluminum sulfate to the mass to completely precipitate the binder.

As a sorbent for protecting the respiratory tract from a whole gamut of vapors and aerosols of potent and toxic substances, a mixed composition of activated carbon was used: coal catalyst KT-1 and gas type SKT-6A with a ratio of 3: 1 with a dispersion of less than 100 microns.

Samples of the sorbing material were obtained on a LOA-2 sheet-blowing apparatus in the mode of minimum vacuum, weak pressing and drying at a temperature of 80-95 ° С. The mass of 1 m ^{2 of} material is 130 ± 10 g.

The essence of the invention is illustrated by examples 1-6.

Example 1 Example 2 Unbleached sulfate cellulose (27 ° SH) 24 Unbleached sulfate cellulose (27 ° SH) 22 Mercerized sulphate cellulose 40 Mercerized sulphate cellulose 43.5 Activated carbon thirty Activated carbon 33 Polyamide amine epichlorohydride resin 1,0 Polyamide amine epichlorohydride resin 0.5 Aluminum sulphate 5,0 Aluminum sulphate 1,0

Example 3 Example 4 Unbleached sulfate cellulose (27 ° SH) 18.5 Unbleached sulfate cellulose (27 ° SH) 16.8 Mercerized sulphate cellulose 45 Mercerized sulphate cellulose 40 Activated carbon 35 Activated carbon 40 Polyamide amine epichlorohydride resin 0.5 Polyamide amine epichlorohydride resin 0.7 Aluminum sulphate 1,0 Aluminum sulphate 2,5 Example 5 Example 6 Unbleached sulfate cellulose (27 ° SH) fourteen Unbleached sulfate cellulose (27 ° SH) 12 Mercerized sulphate cellulose 35 Mercerized sulphate cellulose 32 Activated carbon 45 Activated carbon fifty Polyamide amine epichlorohydride resin 1,0 Polyamide amine epichlorohydride resin 1,0 Aluminum sulphate 5,0 Aluminum sulphate 5,0

The difference of the invention from the prototype is:

1. Replacing synthetic fibers with cheap, affordable natural fibers.

2. Introduction to the composition from 35 to 45% of activated carbon of mixed composition with a significant proportion of carbon-catalyst significantly increases the chemisorption properties of respirators, gas masks, protective hoods and other PPEs.

The optimal combination of cellulose fibers with a degree of grinding of 28 ± 2 ° SR and mercerized fibers allows you to create a fibrous base that retains finely dispersed carbon in the structure of the material.

Mercerized cellulose fibers having a rounded shape provide the necessary porosity, low resistance to air flow and, accordingly, free passage of inhaled air.

However, with an increase in the proportion of mercerized cellulose in the structure of the material, there is a weakening of interfiber bonds. This is offset by the introduction of milled to a degree of milling 28 ± 2 ° SR of unmercerized sulphate unbleached pulp fibers. The optimum is the consumption of the latter from 14 to 18.5 wt.% (Examples 3-5). When introducing sulfate unbleached pulp less than 14 wt.% (Example 6), the positive effect of hardening of the structure is not observed. At a flow rate of over 18.5 wt.% (Examples 1 and 2), resistance to air flow increases, which is unacceptable for individual respiratory tract protection.

The main advantage of the invention is the effectiveness of protecting the respiratory tract in aggressive air from vapors and aerosols of chlorine, ammonia, acrolein, decane, dimethylamine, etc. The use of non-selective coal sorbent reinforced with a catalyst provides high adsorption properties of the inventive filter sorbent material.

The introduction of 35-45 wt.% Activated carbon (examples 3-5) in the composition of the material is optimal, because with a decrease in the mass fraction of coal (examples 1, 2), the adsorption properties decrease, and the increase is impractical, because the effect of high chemical protection has already been achieved (example 6).

A binder in the form of a polyamidamine epichlorohydride resin in an amount of 0.5-1.0% is well combined with other components of the composition and is optimal.

Also optimal is the consumption of aluminum sulfate 1-5% by weight of absolutely dry matter. This component contributes to the most complete deposition of the resin and the retention of highly dispersed activated carbon on the surface of cellulose fibers.

Evaluation of the properties of the obtained samples of filtering material, as well as carbon fiber material according to TU 2282-173-00209556 - prototype was carried out by standard methods.

The protective properties of materials from exposure to vapors and aerosols of hazardous and toxic substances were determined by approved methods.

The time of protective action for acetic acid vapors was determined by the indicator method by changing the color of the indicator tissue covering the material sample under the influence of acid vapors passing through the test sample.

The retention time of the vapors of ammonia, chlorine, acrolein, decane, dimethylamine, hydrogen chloride and hydrazine was determined on a model package of materials of the following composition:

- coating layer

- sorption layer

- calico.

As a sorption layer, the prototype material and samples of the claimed material according to examples 1-6 / cm were tested. table.

Table No. p / p Indicators characterizing the prototype and examples of the claimed material Materials used as a sorption layer in personal respiratory protection Carbon fiber material according to TU 2281-173-00209556 (Prototype) The inventive filtering material according to examples one 2 3 four 5 6 one 2 3 four 5 6 7 8 9 one Weight 1 m ² , g 127 130 130 130 131 127 129 2 Thickness mm 0.45 0.49 0.49 0.47 0.48 0.49 0.45 3 The ultimate tensile force in the machine direction, N 7.3 12,2 10.8 9.8 8.5 8.3 7.7 four Moisture resistance,% 70 29th 29th 28 28 thirty thirty 5 Resistance to air flow. Pa 2.9 3.9 3.9 3.4 3.4 2.9 2.9 Table continuation one 2 3 four 5 6 7 8 9 6 The time of the protective action from the vapor SDYAV, min - ammonia one 5 8 10 12 fifteen 17 - chlorine 60 49 fifty 60 70 71 73 - acrolein one 10 fifteen twenty 23 25 25 - dean 150 150 200 300 more than 300 more than 300 more than 300 - dimethylamine 3 fifteen 24 25 thirty thirty thirty - hydrogen chloride 2.0 6-10 6-10 10-15 10-15 15-20 15-20 - hydrazine 1-2 10 10 twenty twenty twenty 25 - acetic acid 47 40 45 65 70 80 95 Note. Effective concentrations of SDYAW (s, mg / dm ³ ) are taken in accordance with GOST R 22.9.05-95:
ammonia - 0.1
chlorine - 0.36
acrolein - 0.16
Dean - 0.05
dimethylamine - 0.2
hydrogen chloride - 0.01
hydrazine - 0.04
acetic acid - 500

The test results presented in the table show that the prototype and the inventive filtering material have close values of mass of 1 m ² , thickness and resistance to air flow. Moreover, the claimed material is characterized by higher strength properties and provides effective protection of the respiratory tract. As a result of this, the duration of continuous work in a respirator and other RPDS increases.

The moisture resistance of the prototype material is 70% due to the hydrophobic properties of the fibrous base of this material, i.e. synthetic polymer fibers. In practical application for filter type sorbent materials used as a sorption layer, the moisture resistance requirement is 25-30%, which is achieved in the inventive material by effective sizing of the mass.

Thus, the inventive sorbent material has the following advantages compared to the prototype.

1. Replacing expensive synthetic fibers with natural cellulose fibers makes the use of a respirator, gas mask and other RPDs economically beneficial, increases tensile strength when stretched, and also fully complies with physiological and hygienic requirements.

2. The introduction into the composition of the sorbing material of highly dispersed activated carbon of mixed composition using catalysts provides more effective protection of the respiratory tract from strong and toxic fumes and aerosols: decane - 2 times; ammonia, hydrogen chloride and hydrazine - 5-10 times; acrolein - 20 times.

Claims (2)

1. Filter sorbent material for personal protective equipment for respiratory organs, containing cellulose fibers filled with highly dispersed activated carbon and glued with a binder, characterized in that as cellulose fibers it contains a mixture of cellulose sulfate unbleached with a degree of grinding (28 ± 2) ° SR and sulfate pulp mercerized, as a binder contains a polyamide amine epichlorohydride resin and additionally aluminum sulfate in the following ratio of components, wt.%: Unbleached sulfate cellulose 14-18,5 Mercerized sulphate cellulose 35-45 Activated carbon 35-45 Polyamide amine epichlorohydride resin 0.5-1.0 Aluminum sulphate 1-5 2. The filter sorbing material according to claim 1, characterized in that it contains KT-1 brand carbon catalyst and activated carbon, grade SKT-6A, as their activated carbon, with a ratio of 3: 1, dispersion of coal less than 100 microns.