RU2281559C2 - Device for teaching and developing intellectual abilities of a child - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: engineering of devices for training and developing intellectual abilities of a child.

SUBSTANCE: device is made in form of book with cover, consisting of upper and lower halves, and with sheets, on which characters are drawn. Eyes of characters are made volumetric and are positioned on internal surface of lower half of cover. Eyes consist of two elements: transparent convex upper element, fixed on the surface of internal half of cover with forming of hollow below it, and one positioned inside the hollow with possible free movement of element in form of colored circle in it. Diameter of circle is less than diameter of upper element. On the sheets, in places where character eyes are positioned, through recesses are made, repeating the shape of eyes and positioned on the level of elements, fixed on lower half of cover so, that when sheets with recesses are applied onto it, volumetric eyes are positioned in recesses. Character images have one or two eyes. Area of head of characters with two eyes is not less than 8% of area of sheet, on which these are drawn. Ratio of diameter of their eye to diameter of image of their head is not less than 1:2,01. characters with one eye are displayed in amount no less than two on one sheet. Distance between their eyes equals distance between volumetric eyes, fixed on the surface of internal half of book cover. Ratio of eye diameter to diameter of head image of characters is not less than 1:1,01. Through recesses and character images may additionally by made on upper half of cover.

EFFECT: expanded arsenal of training appliances.

2 cl, 3 dwg

Description

The invention relates to devices used for teaching and developing the intellectual abilities of a child,

A device for teaching and developing the child’s intellectual abilities, made in the form of a prefabricated designer, consisting of a set of volumetric elements, on the faces of which there are protrusions and nests made in the form of geometric shapes, objects, animals, plants, letters, punctuation marks, syllables, words , numbers or mathematical symbols (Utility Model Certificate No. 003218, class G 09 B 1/00, publ. 1996).

This known device has high amusement and visibility for preschool children. They play with great pleasure, assimilating the form and names of objects, plants, animals, as well as learning letters, numbers, syllables, words, mathematical symbols.

However, this known device does not sufficiently promote the learning and development of the child’s intellectual abilities.

To solve the problem of teaching and developing the intellectual characteristics of the child, devices are widely used in the form of demonstration devices with the information depicted on them.

So, it is known to use for teaching and developing the intellectual abilities of schoolchildren presented to them simultaneously in a pair of demonstration devices - visual with the image of information and sound with the sound of the same information (RF Patent No. 2223550, CL G 09 V 5/06, publ. 10.02 .2004).

However, these known demonstration devices are not used for teaching preschool children.

Known devices, the technical result of the implementation of which is the high efficiency of assimilation of information due to the maximum mobilization of the mechanisms of visual memory of students.

So, for example, it is known to use two types of demonstration tools for teaching schoolchildren - color and black-and-white identical to them (RF Patent No. 2171502, class G 09 B 17/00, publ. 2001).

Widely used in pedagogical practice, the method of presenting to students with intellectual disabilities for their psychological rehabilitation of demonstration tools with information of growing complexity applied to them (RF Patent No. 2120314, class A 61 M 21/00, publ. 1998).

However, the arsenal of tools that help increase the effectiveness of learning and the development of the child’s intellectual abilities needs constant expansion.

A device is known for teaching and developing the intellectual abilities of a child, consisting of a book made with the ability to control the operation of a computer (Utility Model of the Russian Federation No. 41174, class G 09 5/00, publ. 10.10.2004).

However, this known device cannot be used for training and development of intellectual abilities of young children due to the need to have computer skills.

A device is known for teaching and developing the child’s intellectual abilities, made in the form of a book, the sheets of which are cut into several parts and are lotto cards that are manipulated by the child, participating in the game under the guidance of an adult (M. Druzhinin. Fairy-tale lotto. Rosman-Press, 2002 )

However, a child can use this known device only under the supervision of an adult, who must monitor the implementation of the rules of the game. The relatively passive participation of the child in the game when using this known device makes him insufficiently entertaining and attractive to him, and therefore the effectiveness of teaching and developing the child’s intellectual abilities is low.

The closest analogue of the proposed device is a well-known device for teaching and developing intellectual abilities of a child, made in the form of a book with a cover consisting of upper and lower halves, and with sheets showing characters with eyes, while the eyes are voluminous, placed on the inner surface the lower half of the cover and consist of a convex element fixed on the surface of the lower half of the cover and repeating the shape of the eye with a colored circle of smaller diameter, on the remaining sheets characters are depicted where, at the location of the eyes, through-cuts are made, repeating the shape of the eye and located at the level of the elements fixed on the lower half of the cover in such a way that when sheets with cuttings are applied to it, bulky eyes are placed in the cut-outs (see US Patent No. 6149201 , CL B 42 D 1/00, 2000).

The technical result of the invention is the expansion of the arsenal of teaching aids.

The specified technical result is achieved in that the device for teaching and developing the child’s intellectual abilities is made in the form of a book with a cover consisting of upper and lower halves, and with sheets on which the characters are depicted, while both eyes or one eye, eyes are visible in the images the characters are voluminous, placed on the inner surface of the lower half of the cover and consist of two elements: an eye-shaped transparent convex upper element fixed on the surface of the lower half s covers with the formation of a cavity under it, and located inside the cavity with the possibility of free movement in it of an element in the form of a colored circle, the diameter of which is less than the diameter of the upper element, and through sheets, in the locations of the eyes of the characters, through cutouts are made, repeating the shape of the eyes and located at the level of the elements fixed on the lower half of the cover in such a way that when sheets with cuttings are superimposed on it, voluminous eyes are placed in the cutouts, while the head area of the characters with two eyes is composed at least 8% of the area of the sheet on which they are depicted, and the ratio of the diameter of their eyes to the diameter of the image of their heads is at least 1: 2.01, while characters with one eye visible are shown in at least two on one the sheet, the distance between the eyes of two characters is equal to the distance between the volumetric eyes fixed on the surface of the lower half of the cover of the book, and the ratio of the diameter of the eye to the diameter of the image of the head of the characters is at least 1: 1.01.

Cross cuts and image characters can additionally be performed on the upper half of the cover.

The invention is illustrated by drawings, where

figure 1 presents a device for training and development of intellectual abilities of a child;

figure 2 presents the page of the book with an illustration depicting two characters;

figure 3 presents the page of the book with an illustration depicting two characters.

The device is made in the form of a book with a cover consisting of upper 1 and lower 2 halves, and sheets 3. On the inner surface 4 of the lower half 2 of the cover of the book a character 5 with eyes 6 made of two elements is depicted: an eye-shaped transparent convex upper element 7 fixed on the inner surface 4 of the lower half 2 of the cover with the formation of a cavity under it, and an element 8 made in the form of a colored circle whose diameter is less than the diameter of the upper element 7. The circle element 8 is located inside this cavity with the possibility of free movement in it. On the remaining sheets 3 of the book and on the second (upper) half of the cover 1 of the book, cuttings 9 are made, repeating the shape of the eyes 6 formed on the lower half of the cover 2 of elements 7 and 8. On the inner surface 4 of the lower half of the cover 2 of the book can also be placed entertaining text 10: information that the child must understand and understand.

When portraying characters 5 with both eyes 6 visible, the illustration is usually presented in the form of a large head 11 of character 5 with fantastically large eyes 6, which makes it funny, touching, memorable. Characters 5 with large, expressive eyes 6 are pleasant for children, they are happy to examine illustrations again and again, ask adults to read the text, and easily remember it. The visual effect of the attractiveness of character 5 with large eyes 6 is achieved by observing the proposed proportions between the page size of the illustration and the size of the head 11 of character 5, as well as the proportions between the size of the eyes 6 of character 5 and the size of his head 11.

When portraying characters 5 with only one eye 6 visible in the illustration, characters 5 are placed on the surface 4 of sheet 3 so that the distance between the eyes 6 of the two characters 5 is equal to the distance between the volume eyes 6 fixed on the surface 4 of the lower half 2 of the cover books.

In both versions of character images 5, fantastically large eyes, depicted as such by observing the recommended ratios of eye diameter 6 and head diameter 11 of character 5, as well as by adhering to the proposed ratios of the page areas of the book and head 11 of character 5, amaze the child, they are attracted by their unusualness , which stimulates the emotional perception of the image of the character 5 and the text read to the child 10. Emotional perception of information contributes to the development of the child’s imagination, deepens the memory The knowledge of the information seen and heard, provides a game form of training, increases the effectiveness of training and the development of the child’s intellectual abilities.

A person's perception of information is iconic and eidetic. The iconic perception of information is reduced to a short-term visual sensation (a maximum of two seconds) caused by the image seen. Eidetic perception is characteristic of more children than adults. This is a figurative perception, the ability to long-term storage in memory of the seen image. Eidetic thinking is figurative thinking, not abstract. A child with developed imaginative thinking for a long time keeps in memory the seen image, reliably remembers it. He has a developed imagination. Reading a book, he not only perceives the information contained in it, but also sees (easily imagines) the described images. Children with eidetic thinking absorb information faster and more efficiently. The ability of children to eidetic thinking can be developed. This development is facilitated by accompanying the process of giving the child information with positive emotions, evoked by him in the way through which the information was given to him (see A. Reber. A large explanatory psychological dictionary. M., Veche-AST, 2000, v. 2, p. .496).

In the proposed device used such means of transmitting information to the child that cause him admiration, a surge of positive emotions. Against such an emotional background, the child moves to an eidetic perception of information. He long keeps in memory the seen image, which ensures its deep memorization. The image of a kitten, for example, a child likes, leads to the mobilization of positive emotions. And the image of the same kitten, but with disproportionately large eyes, makes the image of this character touching, attracting attention with its unusual shape and size, surprises the child, attracts him, brings his emotional world closer to this image. The image that impressed the child is retained in his memory for a long time, and at the same time, the information that an adult sought to tell him is retained in his memory for a long time. In life, what impressed you is always remembered. A person remembers the events of many years ago, which at one time caused him an emotional outburst. Events that did not impress a person are quickly erased from his memory.

If the area of the character’s head with two eyes depicted is less than 8% of the sheet area, the image of the head will be too small to accommodate two large eyes. The character becomes ugly, he loses all appeal to the child and the technical result is not achieved.

The ratio of the diameter of the eye to the diameter of the head should be such that in the case when two eyes are visible, they are both placed on the area of the depicted head. If the diameter of two eyes exceeds the diameter of the depicted character’s head, then in this case the effect of reducing the character’s attractiveness for the child will be observed, it will cause him negative emotions and thereby reduce the efficiency of using the invention. The ugly image will cause negative emotions in the child, which will negatively affect the results of the learning process. Accordingly, a character with only one eye visible in the illustration will also become ugly if the diameter of his eye exceeds the diameter of the character's head.

It should also be noted the effectiveness of combining in one book two versions of the image of characters. It is advisable to place the illustrations in the book so that the first sheet depicts a character with both eyes visible, and only on the next pages there are characters depicted together, each of which has only one eye. At first, the child is surprised that a sheet with cutouts (“holes”) suddenly turns into a finished picture depicting a character with touching, unusually large eyes. The child reflects on why this happened, and he likes that the character has missing eyes. When he, turning over a book, meets a sheet on which two characters are depicted, each of which has only one eye, a new surprise comes, a new surge of positive emotions. The child did not expect this transformation. The same two eyes suddenly began to belong to two pretty characters. Again, the child is trying to understand the mechanism of such a transformation. Such a consistent presentation of illustrations to the child with the image of one or two characters enhances the effect of entertaining, expressiveness of the image, its visibility and attractiveness.

The device according to the invention was tested in preschool institutions and in the lower grades of the school. The test results are shown in the examples.

Example 1. A group of preschool children of 20 people was divided into two equal subgroups of 10 people. In the first (control) subgroup, when studying the letters of the alphabet, standard illustrations depicting various characters were used (for example, a lion when studying the letter “L”, a kitten when studying the letter “K”, etc.). In the second (experimental) subgroup, all the information was presented to children using the claimed invention. The children of the first subgroup needed 4-6 lessons to learn the next letter. Children of the second subgroup firmly assimilated the next letter for 1-2 lessons.

Example 2. A group of elementary school students of 30 people was divided into two equal subgroups. Children of the first (control) group studied the multiplication table using standard school demonstration materials. Children of the second (experimental) subgroup to learn the multiplication table were presented with the information set forth in the claimed invention. Classes in the experimental subgroup were fun, accompanied by exclamations of delight when considering the illustrations. Children of the first subgroup in one month of classes did not fully master the material. Children of the second subgroup firmly and reliably learned the material in 16-20 days.

Example 3. A group of preschool children of 14 people was divided into two equal subgroups. In the control subgroup, when learning colors (blue, green, red, yellow, blue, pink, orange, purple, lilac), standard visual aids were presented to children. Children of the experimental subgroup material was presented using the claimed device. Children of the control subgroup were significantly behind in the assimilation of material from children of the experimental subgroup. For a long time they did not distinguish between the colors “blue” and “blue”, “red” and “pink”, “purple” and “lilac”. Strong assimilation of the material by children of the experimental subgroup occurred one month faster than in the control subgroup. Teachers noted signs of developing a figurative perception of the material in children of the experimental subgroup. Children of this subgroup figuratively described objects using richer vocabulary than children of the control subgroup.

Example 4. A group of children of primary school age with defective abnormalities (dyslexia, dyslalia, digraphy) in the amount of 40 people were trained according to the program of a comprehensive school for one year with the help of a speech therapist. In the control subgroup of 20 people, standard school curriculum material was used for training. Children of an experimental subgroup of 20 people were presented with material of the same volume using the claimed invention. After a year of training in the control subgroup, only two children were completely removed from their defectological disorders. The remaining 18 people only partially reduced the severity of these disorders. In the experimental group of 16 people, after a year of their training, defectological disorders were not manifested, and the severity of violations in four people was low.

Thus, the proposed device allows to increase the effectiveness of learning and development of intellectual characteristics of a preschool child by increasing its amusement, visibility and attractiveness for the child.

Claims (2)

1. A device for teaching and developing the child’s intellectual abilities, made in the form of a book with a cover consisting of upper and lower halves, and with sheets on which the characters are depicted, while the eyes are shown with both eyes or one eye, the eyes of the characters are voluminous, placed on the inner surface of the lower half of the cover and consist of two elements: an eye-shaped transparent convex upper element fixed on the surface of the lower half of the cover with the formation of a cavity under it, and laid inside the cavity with the possibility of free movement in it of an element in the form of a colored circle, the diameter of which is less than the diameter of the upper element, and through sheets, in the locations of the characters' eyes, through cuts are made, repeating the shape of the eyes and located at the level of the elements fixed on the lower half of the cover so that when sheets with cuttings are applied to it, voluminous eyes are placed in the cuttings, while the head area of the characters, in which both eyes are visible, is at least 8% of the sheet area on which they are depicted by orom, and the ratio of the diameter of their eyes to the diameter of the image of their heads is at least 1: 2.01, while characters with one eye are shown in an amount of at least two on one sheet, the distance between the eyes of two characters is equal to the distance between the volumetric eyes fixed on the surface of the lower half of the cover of the book, and the ratio of the diameter of the eye to the diameter of the image of the head of the characters is at least 1: 1.01. 2. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the through cuttings and the image of the characters are additionally made on the upper half of the cover.

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