RU2279624C2 - Electron-dynamic projectile, method for its formation, methods for its acceleration and gun for fire by electron-dynamic projectiles - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: beam-guidance weapon.

SUBSTANCE: the electron-dynamic projectile represents an electron beam having the shape of a toroidal ring formed by a stabilized organized orbital movement of a beam of electrons, whose trajectories are restricted by the profile of the toroidal ring. The beams of electrons are produced and accelerated with the aid of accelerators. The mentioned beams are spinned with the aid of a magnetic field and form a spinning closed circular cloud of electrons, then with the aid of a variable electromagnetic field the cloud of electrons is compressed and spinned in a toroidal ring and pushed out of the gun nozzle by a directed magnetic field. For acceleration of the projectile a force action by a laser beam is exerted that is directed to the area of the projectile bottom section, the direction of electron motion in which coincides with the direction of motion of the latter.

EFFECT: provided formation and acceleration of the electron-dynamic projectile, enhanced power and accuracy of beam-guidance weapon.

9 cl, 7 dwg

Description

The invention relates to beam weapons or to types of weapons not elsewhere classified, and may correspond to the IPC index F 41 B 15/00. The device contains special electrical devices and, on this basis, may correspond to the IPC index H 05 H 1/00 - special areas of electrical engineering not elsewhere classified.

Known laser weapons that hit the enemy with a high-power laser beam, leading to heating and destruction of the target. It has high accuracy, but is greatly attenuated by the atmosphere and special aerosol media.

It is known electromagnetic weapons that hit the enemy with the energy of a high-frequency field, mainly due to heating the target or inducing electromagnetic induction of high intensity in it, leading to the destruction of the object. However, this weapon has a low focus.

Known artillery shells that hit the enemy with shells containing explosives. They can not accelerate shells to speeds above 2-3 thousand m / s and are not able to hit retreating space targets.

Known electromagnetic guns, which also hit the enemy with shells. Such guns can accelerate shells to speeds of 8-10 thousand m / s, but they have excessively large dimensions. Electromagnetic guns vary to one degree or another structurally, but they use the well-known principle of accelerating a projectile with a magnetic field and a method of hitting objects with a projectile with or without explosive dispersed to a high speed.

The idea of ultra-long-range electromagnetic artillery system was proposed in 1915 by Russian engineers Podolsky and Yampolsky, using the principle of a linear electric motor invented back in the 19th century by the Russian physicist B. Jacobi (see "TM" No. 3 for 1984, No. 5 for 1987). They created a project of a magnetic-planer gun with a 50-meter barrel entwined with inductors. It was assumed that a projectile accelerated by an electric current would reach an initial speed of 915 m / s and fly away by 300 km. The project was rejected as untimely. The following year, the French Fauchon and Villepleu proposed a similar artillery system, and in testing its model, the 50-gram shell accelerated to 200 m / s. The inventors emphasized that the electromagnetic guns would be longer than usual, in addition, their trunks would not overheat during prolonged firing and would not collapse due to the influence of hot powder gases and a weighty rifled shell rapidly moving through them. However, skeptics have noticed that such an installation will require a trunk of at least 200 m in length, which will have to be held by several stationary trusses, only slightly changing its angle of inclination, and we won’t have to talk about horizontal aiming. And in order to provide energy for such an artillery system, a solid power station was needed next to it. For these and other reasons, electromagnetic guns were abandoned.

Experiments with electromagnetic propelling systems were again continued only after the Second World War. In the United States, an experimental electromagnetic device was manufactured to put radioactive waste containers into orbit. The device had an elongated barrel longer than 100 m, located at an angle of 30 degrees relative to the horizon. The electromagnetic accelerator contained six stages of acceleration and was designed to accelerate the payload weighing 4 kg and a diameter of 139 mm. A ten-stage installation was developed, designed to launch 400-kg shells-containers with a caliber of 750 mm. An electromagnetic throwing installation contained a pipe-trunk, inductance coils, an orbital projectile, an optical-fiber surveillance and communication system, a fastening system for inductance coils, and an electric power supply system. (Engineering Review V. MALIKOV "The Repository" in orbit?).

Known electromagnetic plasma gun with a magnetic system based on permanent samarium-cobalt magnets, which contains permanent magnets, an upper steel plate, a lower steel plate and a wire-shell located in the gap of the magnetic system. The wire is fixed in the clamps, which simultaneously serve as current leads. Permanent magnets are mounted between the two steel plates. In the gap between the plates, a wire is fixed, playing the role of a projectile. When a current pulse is passed, the wire explodes, and the explosion products are pushed by the magnetic field out of the gap between the magnets (based on materials from the website imlab.narod.ru/index.html).

In the 1960s in the USSR, an experimental tool was being developed that could accelerate particles of heavy metals, such as tungsten or molybdenum, to a speed of 25 km / s in the atmosphere and up to 60 km / s in vacuum. The gun was planned to be used in missile defense. In the early 1990s, tests were conducted in the United States, which showed that such land-based guns could be used to destroy the warheads of missiles in the atmosphere at altitudes up to 30 km. At the same time, the high cost of the gun itself is compensated by the high rate of fire, low cost of guided projectiles, which makes it possible to repel massive attacks. Currently, the speed of throwing a projectile weighing 800 grams is about 2-8 km / s. Many foreign experts believe that such guns in the near future may be capable of throwing homing shells weighing 2.7-3.2 kg at a range of 3-5 thousand km at a speed of 35 km / s. At the same time, the length of the rails used instead of the gun barrel will be 45 m. Some American firms developed and tested space-based electromagnetic guns back in 1990 (their overall dimensions coincide with the dimensions of the Shuttle's cargo compartment). Particles used were high-density plasma particles weighing 0.1 grams, which fly out at a speed of 40 km / s - the destruction of the head of a rocket when meeting such a shell is inevitable (based on materials from the website of the Rocket and Space Forces of the Ministry of Defense of the Russian Federation http: // pro-pko .narod.ru / index.htm).

A known design of the electromagnetic gun type railgun, where two conductive buses are "rails" between which creates a potential difference. A conductive projectile (or part of it, for example, a cloud of plasma in the tail of the projectile) is located between the rails and closes the electric circuit. The current creates a magnetic field, interacting with which the projectile is accelerated by the Lorentz force. With a current of several million amperes, you can create a field of hundreds of kilogauss, which can accelerate shells with acceleration up to 10 ⁵ g. For the projectile to acquire the necessary speed of 10-40 km / s, rails of 100-300 m in length are required. The shells of such guns are likely to have a mass of about 1 kg. At a speed of 20 km / s, its kinetic energy reserve will be of the order of 10 ⁸ J, which is equivalent to an explosion of 20 kg of TNT. Prototypes of such guns fire shells weighing 2-10 g at a speed of 5-10 km / s.

One of the most important problems in creating electromagnetic guns is the development of a powerful pulsed current source, which is usually considered a unipolar generator (a rotor accelerated by a turbine to several thousand revolutions per minute, from which a huge peak power is removed by short circuiting). Unipolar generators with an energy consumption of up to 10 J per 1 g of own weight have now been created. ("SOI through the eyes of a Russian colonel", Publishing Center of the Center for Social Development "Veteran of the Fatherland", "Megatron", Moscow, 2000).

A beam weapon is known in which the striking elements are high-energy elementary particles (electrons, protons or neutral hydrogen atoms), accelerated by linear accelerators.

Various cyclic electron accelerators and magnetrons are known. Cyclic accelerators are structurally adapted to accelerate the flow of low-density electrons. The principle of formation of a rotating ring of high-density electrons is implemented in magnetrons. There is experience in creating magnetrons with a power of up to 5 megawatts per pulse and up to 120-150 kW in a constant radiation mode.

The term magnetron was coined by the American physicist A.Hull in 1921. The generation of electromagnetic waves by means of a magnetron was first discovered and patented in 1924 by the Czechoslovak physicist A. Жaček. The task of increasing the output power of the generated oscillations was solved in 1936-1937 by Soviet engineers N.F. Alekseev and D.E. Malyarov. They increased the magnetron power by 2 orders of magnitude by using a massive copper block containing a number of resonators as an anode. In magnetrons, a cathode is used, having the form of a hollow cylinder, inside of which a heater is located. The cathode-anode block is placed between the poles of the electromagnet.

In a magnetron, 3 fields act on electrons moving in the space between the cathode and the anode block: a constant electric field, a constant magnetic field, and an electric field of a microwave (resonator system). When electrons move in the radial direction (from the cathode to the anode), the energy of the anode voltage source is converted to the kinetic energy of the electrons. Under the influence of a constant magnetic field directed along the axis of the cathode (perpendicular to a constant electric field), the electrons change the direction of motion: their radial velocity passes into a tangential, perpendicular to radial. Due to this, the formation of a rotating cloud of electrons occurs.

High-frequency linear free electron accelerators are known in which an electron beam is directly accelerated by high-frequency fields applied to a series of hollow resonators. Those. magnetron is the opposite.

In a beam weapon, a beam of elementary particles or neutral atoms is used as a striking means. It is known that each particle in a beam carries millions of times more energy than a photon in a laser beam (this is the ratio of the mass of a particle to a photon at almost equal speeds in A. Einstein's fundamental formula). Therefore, the destructive energy of such particles is huge. They can penetrate the target much deeper and damage components located inside, while the laser beam must first burn a hole in the target’s body. When meeting with the target, the beam particles penetrate into the substance and pass through it (or are absorbed by it). Each particle loses its kinetic energy, transferring it during collisions to the electrons of matter. In this case, the direction of motion of the particle is preserved, and the energy lost by it is converted into heat. At the point of contact between the particle beam and the target, the temperature rises sharply, and the target material melts or collapses. Many problems associated with the propagation of beams of charged particles in the atmosphere are in the initial stage of study. For example, experiments have shown that the energy lost by particles will heat air in the immediate vicinity of the beam. This leads to ionization of the air around it and the creation of a huge number of positively charged atoms and free electrons. According to Coulomb's law, particles of the same name (that is, electrons in the beam) repel, which is greatly “helped” by the ionized layer of positively charged atoms around the beam. As a result, long beams become tangled and fold into a ring, and sometimes completely collapse. The main difficulty in creating such a weapon is the divergence of neutral particles (in particular, hydrogen atoms) as they move away from the accelerator. Only a beam of charged particles can be effectively accelerated, since neutral atoms are practically not amenable to the influence of an electromagnetic field. An American installation is known where hydrogen ions are first accelerated by a linear accelerator with klystrons at a pulsed power of 1.25 MW. Then a beam of charged ions passes through a neutralizer of foil. In July 1989, when conducting a BEAR experiment on board a rocket, a test of a beam of neutral particles in space was first carried out. The installation consisted of an ion generator (created in the laboratories of Great Britain), electronic equipment, a radio frequency quadrupole, a particle converter, and a solid-state power source.

The preservation of the energy and directivity of the beam is supposed to be ensured by preliminary “penetration” of the channel with rarefied air in the atmosphere by means of a laser beam. So, scientists from Sandia used high-power ultraviolet lasers for this. The tests were carried out in a chamber 1.5 m long. In the experiment, beam stability was achieved, and the transfer efficiency (ratio of output current to input current) was 80%. The diameter of an electron beam with a voltage of 1.5 MB ranged from 0.3 to 6.0 cm. The company experts believe that the value of the efficiency will be constant when the beam propagates over long distances. It is this method of creating a channel for electron beam propagation that is supposed to be used to protect aircraft carriers from attacking anti-ship missiles. ("SOI through the eyes of a Russian colonel", Publishing Center of the Central Public Administration "Veteran of the Fatherland", "Megatron", Moscow, 2000)

The setup used in this experiment is not described in detail in open sources, but judging by the description of its operation, it contained a camera, an electron source, an electron accelerator, an ultraviolet laser, a receiver, and measuring equipment. After the laser pulse, the electron source and accelerator were switched on, during the operation of which an electron beam was created, which was directed into the channel pierced by the laser. This experimental setup is closest in design to the claimed invention and can be considered a prototype. In this installation, a linear electron beam released from the accelerator of the installation and hitting the target can be considered a simple or linear electron-dynamic projectile.

The main disadvantage of the prototype as a variation of the known method of energy transfer by linear beams of particles is the divergence of the beam with distance. With the known scheme of energy transfer, this problem, apparently, cannot be solved. Therefore, a fundamentally new way of transmitting an energy pulse to a distance is required.

The aim of the invention is to increase the power and accuracy of beam weapons.

This goal is achieved by forming in a special gun a structurally organized dynamically stable object built of electrons - an electron-dynamic projectile, accelerating it with a laser beam and then correcting the trajectory with an accelerating or correcting laser beam.

In the claimed invention for the first time uses a structurally organized self-stabilizing electron beam. In accordance with paragraph 1. of the formula, an electron-dynamic projectile containing electrons is characterized in that the electrons in it are located inside a hollow or continuous annular or toroidal or spiral three-dimensional or flat figure, which is formed and stabilized due to the organized movement of electrons along the trajectories inscribed in these figures.

Those. not just a linear electron beam is created, but an electron beam organized, for example, into a closed toroidal figure. Its structure is similar to the well-known vortex rings of smoke, which can be observed in various experiments and which experienced smokers can release. The methods of organizing such rings and experiments with them were first described in an article by R. Wood, “Vortex rings” (published for the first time in the journal Nature, 1901, and translated in the journal Quantum, No. 12, 1971). Here are some excerpts from this article. “An ordinary vortex box is well known. This is a cubic wooden box with a side about a meter; one of the walls is made of thin oilcloth, freely suspended, with two diagonals of rubber tubes firmly tied to the corners. Such a box throws out air vortices of great strength, and the impact of the ring on the wall of the lecture hall is clearly audible and similar to the sound of a light blow with a towel. The audience can get an idea of the “hardness” of a rotating air vortex by releasing invisible rings into the hall in sequence. The blow of the ring into the person's face feels like a soft push with a down pillow. The strength of the air rings can be shown in this way. We direct them to a flat cardboard box, standing at some distance from the installation. In this case, the box immediately turns over or even falls to the floor. By blowing a vortex ring, the flame of a gas burner can be extinguished. ”

Toroidal vortex structures are very stable and can accumulate significant energy. Toroidal structures can also be created from electrons. Moreover, they will have a stabilizing magnetic field, ensuring the preservation of their structure.

From relativistic field theory it is known that when the velocities of charged particles approaching light, the intensity of their own field in the direction parallel to the direction of motion decreases the field strength according to the dependence E _II = e (1-V ² / C ² ) / R ² . (L.D. Landau, E.M. Livshits Field Theory, M .: Main ed. Of physical and mathematical literature, 1988) "It can be clearly seen that the electric field of a moving charge is as if flattened in the direction of motion." And further "... The electric field of a rapidly moving charge at a given distance from it is noticeably different from zero only in a narrow range of angles near the equatorial plane ... (pp. 129-130)."

In a rapidly rotating ring of electrons, their fields are as if flattened into disks, and this avoids the mutual electrostatic repulsion of electrons in rotating electronic structures and achieves a high electron flux density in them in the direction of electron motion. The arising intrinsic magnetic field of the ring at high density leads to the appearance of a pinch effect (see Artsimovich L.A. Elementary Plasma Physics, Moscow: 3. ed. 1969), which compresses the body of the electron ring in the radial direction. In the ordered electronic ring structures that exist in vacuum, the Bennett relation does not work in pinches, since there is no plasma and the random motion of particles, there is only ordered. This allows you to provide very high electron flux densities, comparable to and even higher than electron densities in metals.

In rapidly rotating toroidal structures, stabilization of the ring is facilitated by the fact that in the inner and outer circles of the torus the motion of electron flows is parallel. This movement of currents contributes to the formation of electrodynamic forces pulling the torus to the center (as a consequence of Ampere's law on the magnetic attraction of individual parallel current tubes) and opposing centrifugal forces.

Stable electronic objects of low density can be observed in the form of ball lightning. There they are surrounded by a corona discharge of ionized air and therefore are observed in the form of luminous balls. In vacuum, organized high-density electronic objects will have a black color, since they will be opaque to electromagnetic radiation quanta, and only when moving at high speed in the upper layers of the atmosphere will they glow due to the ionization of the rarefied gas falling on their surface.

When moving in stationary quantized circular orbits, which can be arbitrarily large, the electrons do not emit electromagnetic energy. If this is achieved, then the ring should be stable. The ring electrons will be located in quantized orbits and will cease to emit.

Electrons can simply be accelerated to sublight speeds. High density electron rings rotating at such speeds will have tremendous kinetic energy with very low mass. Table 1 shows the results of calculations of the energy intensity and mass of electrodynamic shells in the form of electronic rings of various sizes, provided that the electron density in the ring is approximately equal to the bulk density of electrons in metals, and the electron mass is calculated taking into account the relativistic effect of mass increase with increasing speed.

As can be seen from the table, a miniature ring of high-density electrons with a diameter of 100 mm and a thickness of 1 mm can have an energy reserve equivalent to 6 kg of TNT. A ring with a diameter of 50 meters can carry energy exceeding the energy of the most powerful hydrogen bomb by 10 times. The mass of ring No. 1 is micrograms, and ring No. 5 is about 90 kg.

The small mass of electron-dynamic projectiles makes it possible to effectively use a laser beam for their linear acceleration. It is known that light, as a corpuscular stream, has light pressure, which means that it can exert force pressure on objects, transferring its energy to them. There are many known projects of photonic engines for rockets, but for the dispersal of shells in general and electron-dynamic shells, in particular, a laser beam was not used. With an unlimited length of action, the laser beam can be effectively used for linear acceleration of shells almost to the target. By transmitting a sufficient momentum to the projectile, laser acceleration devices are more convenient, lighter and more compact than bulky rail and electromagnetic accelerators reaching 40-80 meters in length. In all likelihood, this method can replace or supplement these tools when dispersing traditional shells.

The low mass with tremendous energy intensity allows the effective use of electron-dynamic projectiles as a means of hitting space targets.

The energy of the plasma gun (80 kJ), which accelerates a 0.1-mm plasma shell to a speed of 40 km / s, will be enough to accelerate ring No. 1 to a speed of more than 1600 kilometers per second. In this case, the electron-dynamic projectile will transmit energy equivalent to 6 kg of TNT to the target. The energy of the same gun will be enough to accelerate the ring number 2 to a speed of more than 80 kilometers per second. In this case, the destructive energy of the projectile will be equivalent to 11 tons of TNT.

The main damaging effect of an electron-dynamic projectile is the neutronization of target material due to the electron capture by the protons of any target material of electrons from the nearest orbits of its atoms. Under the influence of a massive electron impact, such a process should be very likely. This will result in decay or fission of the atoms of the target material. The resulting neutrons, in turn, will contribute to the fission of the nuclei of the atoms of the material of the target, not subjected to direct neutronization by electron impact. Thus, under the influence of an electron-dynamic projectile on the target, neutronization and fission reactions of the target must occur, which will be accompanied by an even greater release of energy than that carried by the projectile. In this case, a powerful neutron flux will be formed. Essentially, a high-density electron ring hit any target should cause a small nuclear explosion. Electrons that are not involved in neutronization will contribute to the heating, evaporation, and ionization of the target material, which will be accompanied by the emission of high-energy gamma rays, including hard X-rays. This will also contribute to hitting the target. Thus, electron-dynamic projectiles will be able to hit highly protected and highly maneuverable targets moving at any achievable cosmic speeds.

Another advantage of electrodynamic shells is the ability to control and correct their trajectory using a laser beam, described in paragraph 4 of the formula.

Thus, in accordance with claim 1 of the formula, a new type of shells is claimed having significant differences from the known linear electron beams used in existing types of beam weapons.

According to paragraph 2 of the formula, a new method for the formation and acceleration of an electron-dynamic projectile is claimed, which consists in the use of accelerators to create and accelerate electron beams. The inventive method differs from the known in that:

1. Using a magnetic field, the electron beams are twisted and form a rotating closed cloud (ring) of electrons.

2. Then, using a changing magnetic and (or) electromagnetic field, the ring is compressed and the movement of electrons is organized along the trajectories described in paragraph 1. formulas.

3. Simultaneously with this or after this, the electron-dynamic projectile formed is first accelerated by first changing the magnetic and (or) electromagnetic field and the laser beam, and then only by the laser beam.

As a result of these actions, an electron-dynamic toroidal projectile is formed, which is described in paragraph 1 of the formula. The twisting of the volume ring into the toroid is provided by an expelling solenoid having a spiral winding (see paragraph 5 of the formula). When a current pulse is applied to it, it creates a volume magnetic field that varies in time and in the space of the ring, the gradient of which decreases with the radius and distance from the axis of the solenoid, and the tension initially increases and then drops. The electrons closest to the inner radius of the ring are pushed faster in the axial direction and in the direction from the axis to the outer radius into the region of the magnetic field with lower intensity. The electrons of the peripheral region of the ring are pushed out later and at a lower speed. The radial-axial and orbital (circular) motion of the electrons of the ring creates a dynamically changing toroidal magnetic field, twisting the electrons into a toroidal spiral along the contours of the resulting electron-dynamic projectile. The voluminous ring of electrons is turned inside out into a toroidal figure with internal spiral electron trajectories circling the contours of the projectile toroid. Subsequently, the internal shape of the projectile stabilizes, and the spiral electron trajectories turn into circular ones, forming the walls of the toroidal ring of the projectile. Selecting the parameters of the current pulse supplied to the ejector solenoid, it is possible to ensure the formation of a toroid of the required size from the ring with the given parameters.

The actions according to claim 2 and their combination give a new effect - the formation of an electron-dynamic projectile and are essentially new differences.

According to paragraph 3, a method for dispersing a projectile is claimed, which consists in the force acting on its bottom, which differs in that the electron-dynamic projectile is accelerated by a continuous laser beam or a ring laser beam directed to the bottom of the projectile, and the beam section diameter is close to size projectile and mainly covers the bottom of the projectile in those areas where the direction of the beam is close to or coincides with the direction of motion of the electrons, and the kinetic energy of the beam transforms tsya into the kinetic energy of the projectile.

The motion of electrons in a toroidal shell has its own characteristics. For example, if on the outer circle it is directed against the main direction of motion of the projectile, then on the inner circle the direction of their movement coincides with the direction of motion of the projectile. (But there can be reverse directions of rotation.) In order not to reduce the energy of the projectile, the laser beam should affect only that region of the bottom of the projectile, the direction of the electrons in which coincides with the direction of the projectile. Then the laser radiation quanta catch up and additionally accelerate the electrons. This method is conveniently used to disperse shells whose diameter is close to the diameter of the laser beam. The laser annular cross-section is necessary for those cases when the thickness of the torus ring is small compared to the diameter of the ring so that the laser energy is not lost, passing uselessly through the inner hole of the ring. The circular section of the beam will allow more complete use of laser energy.

To disperse shells of large diameters significantly exceeding the size of the laser beam, the method of dispersal and projectile control according to claim 4 is used. formulas.

According to paragraph 4, the method according to claim 2. characterized in that:

1. The projectile is accelerated and controlled by at least one laser beam circling the bottom of the projectile in a circular or other trajectory or otherwise scanning the bottom of the projectile so that the direction of each beam is close or coincides with the direction of the electrons in this part of the projectile , and the kinetic energy of each ray was converted into the kinetic energy of the projectile.

2. To change the direction of the projectile’s movement, the action of each beam enhances or weakens or accelerates or slows down the speed of circular rotation or other scanning by each beam in those parts of the bottom of the projectile in which the projectile trajectory changes in the desired direction, taking into account the gyroscopic effect.

This method can be used to disperse and control the movement of large-sized electron-dynamic projectiles with a diameter of several meters and more than a few laser beams. The weapon tracking system tracks the position of the projectile and scans its bottom with one or many laser beams of several lasers. Scanning can be carried out along a circular path along the bottom of the ring or in another, more complex way.

If necessary, adjust the trajectory of the projectile to enhance the force in the necessary places of the ring, so as to cause the rotation of the ring in the right direction. The force effect is carried out taking into account the gyroscopic effect.

The methods according to claims 2, 3 and 4 have significant differences not described in the known technical solutions, and therefore are new.

According to paragraph 5 of the formula, a gun is claimed for firing with electron-dynamic projectiles and for implementing the methods according to claims 2 and 3. The gun contains power sources, a laser and a housing inside which a chamber of cylindrical, cone-shaped, ellisoid or other shape is placed.

The gun is characterized in that:

1. On the outer circumference of the chamber, devices are installed that generate electron streams connected to accelerators such as electron guns or other types, directed from the outer circumference of the chamber radially or tangentially to the center of the chamber.

2. On the end surfaces of the chamber there are deflecting solenoids (coils, electromagnets) and holding focusing solenoids (coils, electromagnets), or combined devices combining deflecting, holding and focusing functions.

3. A ring electrode is installed inside the chamber along its circumference, and a central electrode with an opening for the passage of the laser beam is mounted in the center of the chamber.

4. The camera itself has a nozzle for the exit of the electrodynamic projectile located in the end part of the camera facing the target.

5. On the opposite end surface of the chamber opposite the nozzle there is a pushing and accelerating solenoid (coil, electromagnet) having an opening for the passage of the laser beam and a spiral winding.

6. Under the ejection solenoid there is an accelerating laser installed so that its beam passes through the hole in the ejection solenoid and the central electrode through the nozzle of the chamber outward towards the accelerated ring.

Differences 1-6 and their combination are new and have not been previously used in the design of guns for firing electronically-dynamic projectiles.

According to the dependent clause 6, the gun is characterized in that the deflecting solenoids (coils, electromagnets) have a cylindrical or conical or other shape with a hole in the center, are mounted on the ends of the chamber above and below, and are connected to a power source so that the magnetic field pole of the upper solenoid (coil, electromagnet), facing the ring of charged particles, was opposite to the upper pole of the lower solenoid (coil, electromagnet), also facing the ring of charged particles.

According to the dependent clause 7, the gun is characterized in that the holding and focusing solenoids (coils, electromagnets) are mounted on the upper and lower end surfaces of the chamber opposite the charged particles ring with or without mutual overlap and are connected to a power source so that their fields directed on a rotating ring of charged particles, a repulsive or attractive force was created, depending on the control signals of the control system, either a traveling or a changing magnetic field.

Dependent paragraphs 6 and 7 specify the parameters of the gun according to claim 5, and their combination is new.

According to claim 8, the gun is characterized in that the chamber and its solenoids (coils, electromagnets) are surrounded by a ferromagnetic shield made of ferromagnetic metal, ferromagnetic ceramic or ferromagnetic plastic and a biological protective shield that absorbs electromagnetic radiation and other radiation harmful to health.

According to claim 9, the gun is characterized in that its solenoids (coils, electromagnets) are fully or partially made of superconducting materials and (or) light conductive metals or alloys.

Dependent clauses 8–9 are known in principle, but were not used in guns according to claim 5.

Figure 1 shows an electron-dynamic projectile accelerated by a laser beam of circular cross section.

In figure 2. The device of a gun for firing with electron-dynamic projectiles is shown.

Figure 3 shows the deflecting solenoids (coils) of the gun.

Figure 4 shows the design of the focusing solenoids (coils) of the gun.

Figure 5 shows the spiral winding of the ejector solenoid (coil) of the gun.

Figure 6 shows a section of a chamber with a circular cloud of electrons in the stage of formation and pumping of an electron ring.

Figure 7 shows the process of forming a toroidal electron-dynamic projectile in a gun, where the letters indicate the different stages of the shot: A) - formation and pumping of an electron ring, B) - formation and ejection of a toroidal electrodynamic projectile, C) - process of acceleration of an electrodynamic projectile by a ring laser ray.

For clarity, a description of the electron-dynamic projectile, methods and guns for firing electron-dynamic projectiles will be given together.

The electron-dynamic projectile is shown in figure 1 and is a toroidal vortex ring 1 formed by moving electrons. The projectile is accelerated by the laser beam 2, and the laser beam 2 during acceleration mainly affects only those areas of the bottom of the projectile where the direction of the electrons in the toroid (shown by circular arrows) coincides or is close to the direction of movement of the laser beam 2. In figure 1, this region is located between the inner and middle radius of the ring of a toroidal shell. When controlling the trajectory of projectile 1, beam 2 can act on any part of the projectile, taking into account the gyroscopic effect.

A gun for firing electronically dynamic projectiles, shown in figure 2. consists of a housing 3, an annular chamber 4, a ceramic insulator 5 covering the inner surfaces of the chamber 4 and a part of the outer surfaces of the housing 3, a central electrode 6, an annular electrode 7, deflecting coils 8, focusing coils 9, an ejecting coil 10, a laser with a tracking system and beam control 11. In the pushing coil 10 and the central electrode there is a central channel 12 for the passage of the laser beam 2. In the upper part of the chamber there is a nozzle 13 for the exit of the projectile.

The design of the coils (solenoids, electromagnets) of the gun is shown in Fig.3-5. The deflecting coils 8 (Fig. 3) are designed to create a magnetic field, twisting the electrons into a ring, rotating inside the chamber 4 and compressing the ring at the time of expulsion. The deflecting solenoids (coils, electromagnets) have a cylindrical or conical or other shape with a hole in the center, are mounted on the end sides of the chamber above and below and are connected to a power source so that the pole of the magnetic field of the upper solenoid (coil, electromagnet) facing the charged ring particles, was opposite the upper pole of the lower solenoid (coil, electromagnet), also facing the ring of charged particles.

Focusing coils 9 (figure 4) are designed to hold a rotating cloud of electrons at the time of pumping and during ejection. Holding and focusing solenoids (coils, electromagnets) are in the form of circular or circular segments. They are mounted on the upper and lower end surface of the chamber opposite the charged particles ring with or without mutual overlap and are connected to a power source so that their fields directed to the rotating charged particles ring create a repulsive or attractive force depending on the control signals of the control system either a running or a changing magnetic field.

The design of the ejector coil 10 is shown in Fig.5. It has a spiral winding and a hole in the center for the passage of the laser beam.

Figure 6 shows the design of the chamber 4. The central electrode 6 acts as an anode and is located in the center of the annular chamber 4. Sources and electron accelerators in the form of electron guns 14 are placed on the outer circumference of the annular chamber 4.

All of Fig. 6 show: a rotating electron ring 15, an electron trajectory 16 in an electron cloud (or ring), an electric field direction 17.

The gun works as follows.

A current is generated to the deflecting coils 8, which creates a magnetic field inside the chamber 1 (in the figure, directed along the vertical axis of the apparatus). The coils are located at an angle to the axis of the apparatus, creating a magnetic field, the intensity of which decreases as it approaches the center of the apparatus.

Sources of electrons 14 (Fig.6), for example in the form of powerful electron guns, emit and accelerate electrons and direct them to the center of the chamber 4 radially or tangentially. Acceleration of electrons is carried out in two stages. Generation of the flow and preliminary acceleration of electrons is carried out using electron guns 14, and subsequent acceleration using a radial electric field in a cylindrical chamber 4, in the center of which a positively charged electrode 6 is placed, and a negatively charged ring electrode 7 is surrounded by a circle. Naturally, the internal space of this design must be electrically insulated, for example with ceramic material.

The magnetic field created by the deflecting coils 8, twists the electrons around the central electrode 6. Under these conditions, the electrons of the ring 15 must move along a spiral path 16.

Then the ratio between the magnetic and electric fields and the positive voltage at the central electrode 6 is set so that an electronic ring of increasing density is formed. Those. the electrons should not reach the anode 6, but should rotate along an annular trajectory, creating an electronic ring 15. When correctly selected, the ring 15 will shield the negative field of the electrode 7, repelling from it and compressing to the center. Therefore, the emitted electrons must be accelerated enough to overcome the resistance of the electron ring and fly into it with increasing concentration of electrons in it. Additional compression of the ring carries out the configuration of the magnetic field of the coils 8, the intensity of which should decrease as it approaches the center of the apparatus. When electrons move along the ring, the centrifugal force acting on them will tend to overcome the effect of magnetic and electric fields. It throws electrons away from the central electrode and makes them move in circular orbits.

Upon reaching a certain threshold value of the charge density, the magnetic field of the electron ring should become so strong that a pinch effect (narrowing of the discharge) occurs. Magnetic compression of the ring of the current channel of the ring will be hindered by the forces of electrostatic repulsion of electrons; therefore, it is important at the initial stage of ring formation to ensure its compression by external magnetic and electric fields. Upon reaching the pinch effect in the ring, it should become stable.

This design of the gun imitates the process of rotation of electrons in the orbit of a simple atom. Electrons are attracted by the electric field of the central positively charged electrode, but cannot fall on it, since their speed is such that centrifugal forces keep the electrons in a stationary orbit. Since electrons do not emit electromagnetic energy when moving in stationary quantized circular orbits, the ring must be stable, and energy will be spent only on its formation. After some time, the electrons of the ring will settle down in quantized orbits and stop emitting.

Focusing coils 9 provide stabilization of the position of the cloud of electrons inside the camera 4. Control pulses on them must be supplied from an electronic tracking system for the cloud. Given that the electron ring 15 will have a powerful gyroscopic moment, the focusing coils should be located with mutual overlap (see figa, b and c) so that it would be possible to create a control magnetic field running along the circumference of the ring with its precession frequency. By controlling the running magnetic field of the coils 9, it will be possible to tilt the ring in the desired direction. Creating a running force field acting on the ring, you can uniquely change the position of the gyroscopic ring in the area of the chamber 4.

The process of pumping the cloud 15 continues until the desired bulk density of electrons in the ring of the desired size is reached. (Stage A in Fig.7). After pumping is completed, a current pulse is applied to the deflecting coils 8, which leads to compression of the ring to the diameter of the nozzle 13. At the same time or after compression of the ring, a powerful current pulse is supplied to the ejector coil 10, which twists the clouds into the toroidal ring and pushes it from the nozzle 13 of the gun to the side the enemy. (Stage B in Fig. 7.) At the same time or after ejection, an accelerating laser 11 with a ring tracking system and a beam control system is turned on. He begins to additionally accelerate the projectile and corrects its trajectory in the ways described earlier. (Stage C in Fig. 7.)

To change the energy accumulated by the projectile, it is enough to change the bulk density or radius of the ring or the speed of the electrons in the ring. The bulk density of the ring can be changed by adding electrons to the ring. The radius of the ring and the speed of the electrons can be changed by changing the potential difference applied to the coaxial electrodes of the device or in another way. To do this, you can use the change in the magnetic field of the deflecting electromagnets and electronic pump guns.

An advantage of the claimed invention is the possibility of creating a highly effective space weapon of a new generation, devoid of the main disadvantages of modern beam weapons.

An electrodynamic projectile in the form of a ring with a diameter of 100 mm and a thickness of 1 mm can have an energy reserve equivalent to 6 kg of TNT. A shell in the form of a ring with a diameter of 50 meters and a thickness of 1 m can carry energy exceeding the energy of the most powerful hydrogen bomb by 10 times. The mass of the ring of the first shell is micrograms, and the second is not more than 89 kg.

The small mass of electron-dynamic projectiles makes it possible to effectively use a laser beam for their linear acceleration. With an unlimited length of action, the laser beam can be effectively used for linear acceleration of shells almost to the target. By transmitting a sufficient momentum to the projectile, laser acceleration devices are more convenient, lighter and more compact than bulky rail and electromagnetic accelerators. In all likelihood, this method can replace or supplement these tools when dispersing traditional shells.

Ultra-small mass with tremendous energy intensity allows you to effectively use electron-dynamic projectiles as a means of hitting space targets.

The achievable speeds of electrodynamic shells range from 80 to 1600 kilometers per second. At the same time, an electron-dynamic projectile with a diameter of 100 mm can transmit energy equivalent to 6 kg of TNT to the target. And with a shell diameter of 400 mm and a mass of 20 milligrams, the destructive energy of the shell can be equivalent to 11 tons of TNT. Even if the above estimates are not reached as extremely possible, then an efficiency of 5-10 percent of the indicated values will still allow creating a space weapon capable of effectively destroying any space targets.

The main damaging effect of the electron-dynamic projectile is the neutronization of the target substance. The impact of a high-density electronic ring on any target should cause a small nuclear explosion. Electrons that are not involved in neutronization will contribute to the heating, evaporation, and ionization of the target material.

Thus, electron-dynamic projectiles will be able to hit highly protected and highly maneuverable targets moving at any achievable cosmic speeds.

Another advantage of electrodynamic shells is the ability to control and correct their trajectory using a laser beam.

The inventive design of the gun for firing electronically-dynamic projectiles is feasible at the current level of technological development. It does not contain moving, rapidly rotating large-sized or very hot parts, plasma, etc. The device’s basic elements have working analogs in the form of magnetrons, where power of 5 megawatts and above has already been achieved.

The main purpose of the claimed invention is the creation of highly effective weapons for hitting space targets, mainly nuclear warheads of intercontinental missiles moving at speeds of 8-11 km / s even when firing after an outgoing target and from long distances. The expected striking ability of an electrodynamic projectile will be able to reliably hit any space target, protected by any type of thermal insulation and impenetrable by laser and other weapons.

Claims (9)

1. An electron-dynamic projectile, which is an electron beam, characterized in that it has the shape of a toroidal ring formed by stabilized organized orbital motion of an electron beam, the trajectories of which are limited by the contour of the toroidal ring. 2. A method of forming and accelerating an electron-dynamic projectile, in which electron beams are created and accelerated using accelerators, characterized in that said beams are twisted using a magnetic field and form a rotating closed ring electron cloud, then they are compressed and twisted using a changing electromagnetic field a cloud of electrons into the toroidal ring and push it out of the nozzle of the gun by a directed magnetic field. 3. A method of accelerating a projectile, in which a force is applied to its bottom, characterized in that the force is exerted by a laser beam directed to the region of the bottom of the projectile, the direction of electrons in which coincides with the direction of motion of the latter. 4. The method of accelerating the projectile and controlling it, in which a laser beam exerts force on the bottom of the projectile, characterized in that the direction of the projectile is controlled by one or a plurality of laser beams running around the bottom of the projectile along a circular path, and to change the direction of projectile motion on different parts of the scanned surface of its bottom, either the power of the laser radiation or the speed of circular rotation of the aforementioned areas with each beam is changed taking into account the gyroscopic effect project. 5. A gun for firing electronically dynamic projectiles, containing power sources and a housing inside which an annular chamber is located, characterized in that devices generating electron streams are mounted on the outer circumference of the chamber, connected to accelerators such as electron guns directed from the outer circumference of the chamber tangentially to the center of the chamber, and on the end surfaces of the chamber deflecting solenoids and holding focusing solenoids are placed, inside the chamber along its circumference is installed face electrode, and in the center of the chamber there is a central electrode with an opening for the passage of the laser beam, while the chamber has a nozzle for the exit of the electrodynamic projectile located in the end part of the chamber facing the target, pushing and accelerating the solenoid mounted on the opposite nozzle of the end surface of the chamber and having an opening for the passage of the laser beam and a spiral winding, and under the ejecting and accelerating solenoid there is an accelerating laser installed so that its beam passes through the hole in the an alkaline solenoid and a central electrode through the nozzle of the chamber outward towards the accelerated electron-dynamic projectile. 6. The gun according to claim 5, characterized in that the deflecting solenoids have a conical shape with a hole in the center, are mounted on the end faces of the chamber above and below and are connected to a power source so that the pole of the magnetic field of the upper solenoid facing the electron ring is opposite to the upper pole of the lower solenoid, also facing the ring of electrons. 7. The gun according to claim 5, characterized in that the holding and focusing solenoids are mounted on the upper and lower end surfaces of the chamber opposite the electron ring with the possibility of mutual overlap and are connected to a power source so that their fields directed to the rotating electron ring create a stabilizing the force applied to the ring of electrons depending on the control signals of the control system and holding the ring in the gun chamber. 8. The gun according to claim 5, characterized in that the chamber and its solenoids are surrounded by a ferromagnetic shield made of ferromagnetic metal, ferromagnetic ceramic or ferromagnetic plastic, and a biological protective shield that absorbs electromagnetic radiation and other radiation harmful to health. 9. The gun according to claim 5, characterized in that its solenoids are fully or partially made of superconducting materials and / or light conductive metals or alloys.

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