RU2279507C1 - Method for pipe drainage system construction in water-saturated ground and drainage laying machine for above method realization - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: hydraulic and irrigation building, particularly to lay collection drain system in water-saturated ground of degraded irrigated agricultural lands.

SUBSTANCE: method involves laying collection and drainage pipes with the use of drainage laying machine, which performs ground excavation, grinding and stirring in trench to fluidize the ground by means of chain active working tool, which rotates in direction reverse to movement direction; moving grinded and stirred fluidized ground in space between passive working tool and trench walls; covering laid collection or drainage pipe with grinded and stirred fluidized ground, wherein the pipe is inserted in trench through guiding tray of passive working tool; supplying water in trench during pipe laying. Before trench excavation and collection and drainage pipe laying ground water level is aligned with collection and drainage pipe paths by forming pits along the paths, filling the pits with water and holding the pits filled with water for a certain time to moisten underlaying ground with water flowing along the paths and to change ground water level. After that collection pipes of the first path and then drainage pipes attached to the collection pipes are serially laid concurrently with water supply into pits. Water for guiding tray filling is supplied since the beginning of collection or drainage pipe lowering in trench. Passive working tool of drainage laying machine is made as hollow rigid body with cross-section streamlined by grinded stirred ground and having sharpened nose part. Guiding tray is provided with closed cross-section and has inner dimensions mating in shape in dimensions with that of collector and drainage pipes to be moved through the tray. The guiding tray is created of material having low coefficient of friction between tray and collection/ drainage pipe covered with filtering material. The guiding tray is longitudinally installed inside hollow body and may be removed from the body for guiding tray replacement in the case of outer collection/drainage pipe dimension change. Pump is installed in front part of basic machine. Delivery pipeline is connected to guiding tray in upper part thereof and is adapted to supply water in guiding tray during collection or drainage pipe lowering in trench.

EFFECT: increased rate of agricultural or industrial land dewatering, reduced costs and power inputs for collection and drainage system construction.

5 cl, 2 dwg

Description

The invention relates to hydraulic engineering and land reclamation construction and can be used when laying a collector-drainage network in water-saturated soils on degraded irrigated agricultural lands.

A known method of constructing drainage at a high level of groundwater standing, including preliminary water reduction along the drainage route using needle filters and subsequent laying of drainage using the semi-mechanized, trench or narrow trench method (EDTomin. Trenchless construction of closed drainage. Moscow, Kolos, 1981 , p.24-31).

The disadvantages of this method are the need to perform water reduction, as well as high investment in laying collector and drainage pipes.

There is also known a method of constructing drainage in conditions of high groundwater standing, including laying closed plastic drains in a slot cut in the ground by a stepped working body of a trenchless drainage stacker, while the perforated drainage pipe is sprinkled with a sand-gravel mixture to create a filter (V.A.Dukhovny and others Horizontal drainage of irrigated lands. Moscow, Kolos, 1979, pp. 187-192).

The disadvantages of this method are the high energy intensity of the soil cutting process, as well as the need for mandatory drainage of the drainage pipe with an expensive sand and gravel mixture to create a filter, because due to the compaction of the soil in the gap walls by the stepped working body of the trenchless drainage layer, the influx of water to the drain is sharply reduced. In addition, when using this method, it is necessary to build a “trough” planned for the slope for the passage of the drainer because of the impossibility of using automatic slope control.

Closest to the proposed one is a method of constructing tubular drainage systems in water-saturated soils, mainly on degraded irrigated lands when raising the level of ground water, including laying collector and drainage pipes with a drainer, working out the soil, crushing it and stirring it into a trench to the point of fluidity by a chain active working body with reverse movement by rotation and movement between the walls of the trench and the passive working body of the drainer developed, shredded soil and mixed soil, which is poured into the laid collector or drainage pipe, lowered into the trench through the guide tray of the passive working body, and forced water supply when laying the pipe in the trench (RU 2232844 C1, publ. 20.07.2004).

When implementing this method, the drainage is laid with the water flow in their mouths blocked, the collector is laid and the drains are connected in series to the collector with simultaneous opening of water for drainage, while the drainage is laid simultaneously with the forced supply of water to the laid part of the drain through its free end and shelter the upper part of the filtering dusting with an insulating screen, and the zone of forced water supply to the drain is moved after the moving boundary of the laid part of the drain with the speed of its laying.

The disadvantages of this method of construction of tubular drainage systems in water-saturated soils are the following factors:

- the groundwater level along the drainage laying route, as a rule, varies vertically depending on the ground conditions, and the difference in the groundwater level marks can reach a rather large value, which makes it difficult to carry out work due to changing conditions;

- the installation of a hose for supplying water to the drainage pipe is a very laborious process, the complexity of which depends on the diameter of the pipe and the diameter of the water supply hose, and when the diameter of the drainage pipe is 100 mm, it is extremely difficult to push a flexible hose with a diameter of 30 mm into it up to 100 meters in length. In addition, the water supply hose must be removed from the drainage pipe as the latter is laid, which is also very difficult;

- laying an insulating screen to protect the filtering dust significantly increases the cost and complicates the process of laying tubular drainage systems.

The proposed method for the construction of tubular drainage systems in water-saturated soils, mainly on degraded irrigated lands when the groundwater level rises, eliminates the indicated drawbacks and excludes the technological operation of sprinkling the drainage pipe with a sand and gravel mixture to create a filter.

The objective of the present invention in terms of the method is to simplify, accelerate and reduce the cost of work in the construction of tubular drainage systems in water-saturated soils.

The solution to this problem is achieved by the fact that in the method of constructing tubular drainage systems in water-saturated soils, mainly on degraded irrigated lands when raising the level of ground water, including laying collector and drainage pipes with a drainage layer, working out the soil, crushing it and mixing it into a trench to the state of fluidity with a chain active working body with reverse movement of rotation and movement between the walls of the trench and the passive working body of the drainer developed, crushed and mixed soil, which is poured into the laid collector or drain pipe, lowered into the trench through the guiding tray of the passive working body, and the forced supply of water when laying the pipe in the trench, according to the invention, before developing the trenches and laying the collector and drain pipes, the ground water level is equalized according to collector and drainage pipes, for which ditches are torn off along these routes, filled with water and left in a water-filled state for at least 1 day to wet I use water from open ditches of the underlying soil along the routes of collector and drainage pipes and equalize the level of groundwater along these routes, after which, without shutting off the water supply to the ditches, sequentially lay collector pipes of one route at first, and then drainage pipes connected to them, moreover simultaneously with the beginning of lowering the collector or drain pipe into the trench through the guide tray, water is forced into the last to fill it.

At the same time, ditches along the routes of collector and drainage pipes are torn off to a depth of 0.5 meters and a width of not more than 1 meter to fill them with water.

The ditches filled with water are left in a condition filled with water, mainly for 2-3 days.

A known drainage machine including a base machine and a semi-mounted frame on which an active working body, a soil feed mechanism for backfilling the trench, a hopper-stacker for drainage pipes and a filter, and dumps for filling the trench, offset relative to each other in the direction of travel and set at an angle in a horizontal plane, and to improve the quality of the work of the drainer by providing back filling of the trench with liquid consistency soil, the working body is equipped with a fluid supply mechanism spans, and the frame - with a reflector installed above the working body and made in the form of a dome with inclined shields placed inside it and located on the sides of the working body, while the drainer has inclined symmetrical and turned in the direction of movement knives installed between the hopper and dumps for backfilling ( SU 1131975 A, publ. 30.12.1984).

The disadvantages of this well-known drainer are the complexity of its design and high energy costs when digging a trench and laying drainage pipes, as well as the need to use expensive sand and gravel mixtures as bulk filter material.

Closest to the proposed one is a drainage stacker for the construction of tubular drainage systems in water-saturated soils, mainly on degraded irrigated lands, when the ground water level rises, including a base machine, on whose support frame, a chain active working body with reverse rotation and a passive working body are sequentially mounted in the direction of travel an organ with a guide tray installed in it for lowering collector and drainage pipes into the trench, and a forced water supply system, containing a burning pump having a suction pipe designed to draw water from a ditch, and a pressure line (RU 2232844 C1, publ. 20.07.2004).

The disadvantages of this well-known drainage stacker are the high energy costs when trenching and laying drainage pipes, due to the significant energy consumption of the process of moving the passive working body in developed, crushed and mixed to the state of fluidity soil, which is pressed between the walls of the trench and passive working body, providing significant resistance to movement of the latter, and makes it difficult to pull through the guide tray of the passive working body and lower it into We also need to collector and drainage pipes, as well as the need to use expensive sand and gravel mixtures as bulk filter material.

The objective of the present invention in part of the drainer is to reduce energy costs and reduce the cost of work during the construction of tubular drainage systems in water-saturated soils.

The solution to this problem is achieved by the fact that in a drainage stacker for the construction of tubular drainage systems in water-saturated soils, mainly on degraded irrigated lands, when the ground water level rises, including the base machine, on the supporting frame of which, in the direction of travel, a chain active working body with reverse rotation is mounted sequentially and a passive working body with a guide tray installed in it for lowering collector and drainage pipes into the trench, and a forced feed system in According to the invention, the passive working body is made in the form of a hollow rigid casing with a cross section streamlined by crushed and mixed to the state of fluidity form soil with a pointed front part, and a guide the tray is made in a cross section of a closed shape and with internal dimensions corresponding to the shape and external dimensions of the collector and drain pipes lowered through it, and from light mater a shaft having a low coefficient of friction against it of the collector pipe and the drain pipe wrapped with filter material and mounted longitudinally in the cavity of the rigid body with the possibility of removal for replacement when the shape and external dimensions of the used collector and drain pipes are changed, while the pump is installed in front of the base machines, and the pressure line is connected to the guide tray in its upper part to supply water to it when lowering the collector or drain pipe into the trench.

A hollow rigid body in cross section can be made of two curved flaps directed by bulges in opposite lateral sides, connected by one longitudinal edge pivotally at the rear of the body and closed by other longitudinal edges to form a pointed front part of the body.

The invention is illustrated by drawings, where figure 1 shows a drainage stacker for the construction of tubular drainage systems in water-saturated soils, side view; figure 2 is a section aa in figure 1.

In the implementation of the proposed method for the construction of tubular drainage systems in water-saturated soils, mainly on degraded irrigated lands when the groundwater level rises, the collector and drainage pipes are laid by a drainage layer that develops the soil, grinds it and mixes it into a trench to the point of fluidity with a chain active working body with the reverse the movement of rotation and the movement between the walls of the trench and the passive working body of the drainer designed, ground and p mixed soil, which is poured into the laid collector or drainage pipe, lowered into the trench through the guide tray of the passive working body, and forced water supply when laying the pipe in the trench.

In this case, before developing trenches and laying collector and drainage pipes, the groundwater level is equalized along the routes of collector and drainage pipes, for which ditches, preferably up to 0.5 meters deep and not more than 1 meter wide, are torn along these routes, for example, with a plow digger. and fill them with water. Since the drainage system is built on irrigated lands, water is practically brought to these lands. The ditches are left in a water-filled state for at least 1 day, mainly for 2-3 days, to wet the underlying soil with water from open ditches along the collector and drainage pipe routes and level the groundwater level along these routes. Then, without shutting off the water supply to the ditches, sequential laying of collector pipes of one route at first, and then drainage pipes connected to them, is carried out. At the same time, the presence of excess water in the soil of the trench being formed improves the process of cutting and loosening the soil by the active working body of the drainer, reduces the coefficient of friction of steel on the soil, and increases the working life of cutting elements. An increase in the volume of water in crushed soil allows thixotropic transformations in the soil to be achieved (V.F.Babkov et al. Fundamentals of soil science and soil mechanics. Moscow, Vysshaya Shkola, 1976, pp. 25-31) and to increase its fluidity.

Simultaneously with the beginning of lowering the collector or drain pipe into the trench through the guide tray, water is forced into the last to fill it. At the same time, when lowering the drainage pipe through the guide tray, at least 3 liters of water are fed into it per linear meter of the drainage pipe wrapped in filter cloth. This water flow allows you to fill the guide tray, soaking the filter cloth, and to protect the guide tray from getting liquefied soil. In addition, the water coming from the guide tray together with the drainage pipe into the soil contributes to the additional dilution of water-saturated soil around the drainage pipe. The accelerated flow of water into the drainage pipe, which occurs immediately after laying the drainage pipe due to the pressure gradient, allows the soil layers adjacent to the drainage pipe to be washed and an additional pore system directed to the drainage pipe to be formed in them. Water for feeding into the guide tray is taken directly from the ditch and fed into the passive working body of the drainer.

Drainer for the construction of tubular drainage systems in water-saturated soils, mainly on degraded irrigated lands when the groundwater level rises, includes a base machine 1, on a supporting frame 2 of which, in the direction of movement, a chain active working body 3 is sequentially mounted with reverse movement of the loosening chain from top to bottom and passive working body 4 with a guide tray 5 installed therein for lowering collector and drainage pipes 6 into the trench, and a forced water supply system containing a pump 7 having a suction pipe designed for water intake from the ditch, and a pressure line 8. The passive working body 4 is made in the form of a hollow rigid body 9 with a cross-section streamlined by ground molds with a pointed front part 10, which allows to reduce the force dragging it in the ground mass to a minimum value.

The guide tray 5 is made in a cross section of a closed shape and with internal dimensions corresponding to the shape and external dimensions of the collector and drain pipes 6 lowered through it, and of light material having a low coefficient of friction against it of the collector pipe and the drain pipe wrapped with filter material, and mounted longitudinally in the cavity of the rigid body 9 with the possibility of removal for replacement when changing the shape and external dimensions of the used collector and drainage pipes 6. In this case, the pump 7 is installed in the front the base machine 1, and the pressure pipe 8 is connected to the guide tray 5 in its upper part to supply water to it when lowering the collector or drain pipe 6 into the trench.

The hollow rigid body 9 of the passive working body 4 in cross section can be made of two curved flaps 11, directed by bulges to opposite sides, pivotally connected by one longitudinal edge in the rear part 12 of the housing 9 and closed by other longitudinal edges to form a pointed front part 10 of the housing 9.

Using the above-described drainer, the construction of tubular drainage systems in water-saturated soils is carried out as follows.

The drainer carries out the development of the soil by a chain active working body 3 with a reverse rotation movement, while the soil remains in a narrow (equal to the cutting width of the soil) trench and is stirred until it flows, which allows the passive working body 4 to move in this soil. Through the guide tray 5 for lowering into the trench and laying the collector and drainage pipes 6, a drainage pipe 6 of increased water intake capacity, up to 200 mm wide, having any shape in cross section, for example an ellipse shape, is laid on the bottom of the trench. The drainage pipe begins to be laid after laying the collection pipe. At the junction of the drainage pipe with the collector pipe, the pit is torn, and then a ditch is removed from the pit, which is filled with water, and the pit and ditch are not connected to each other. Some time after the alignment of the groundwater level along the route of the drainage pipe, the drainage pipe begins to be laid.

The active working body 3 of the drainer is lowered into the pit, the stacked drainage pipe 6 is connected to the collector line, and the laying of the drainage pipe 6 is started.

Simultaneously with the start of laying the drainage pipe 6, the water supply is switched on to the guide tray 5, in which the drainage pipe 6 moves. After laying the drainage pipe 6 along this route, the sump is filled with fertile soil. When laying the drainage pipe 6, the water entering the guide tray 5 wets the filter cloth wrapping the drainage pipe 6, partially penetrating the drainage pipe 6 and partially falling into the soil around the drainage pipe 6, which contributes to the creation of a soil mass of high humidity around it. This helps to accelerate the process of soil water loss to the drainage system by increasing the soil filtration coefficient, and also reduces the pressure of the soil on the drainage pipe 6.

Thus, the proposed method for the construction of tubular drainage systems in water-saturated soils, mainly on degraded irrigated lands when the groundwater level rises, and the drainage stacker for its implementation allows you to quickly drain water from flooded agricultural and industrial lands, minimizing the capital and energy costs of laying collector-drainage systems.

Claims (5)

1. The method of construction of tubular drainage systems in water-saturated soils, mainly on degraded irrigated lands when raising the groundwater level, including laying collector and drainage pipes with a drainage layer, developing the soil, crushing it and stirring it into a trench to the point of fluidity with a chain active working body with reverse movement rotation and movement between the walls of the trench and the passive working body of the drainage stacker developed, crushed and mixed soil, which stacked collector or drainage pipe is lowered into the trench through the guiding tray of the passive working body, and forced water supply when laying the pipe in the trench, characterized in that before the development of trenches and laying of collector and drainage pipes, the groundwater level is aligned along the collector and drainage routes pipes, for which ditches are torn off along these routes, filled with water and left in a condition flooded with water for at least 1 day to wet water from open ditches of the underlying soil by three collector and drainage pipes and leveling the groundwater level along these routes, after which, without shutting off the water supply to the ditches, sequentially lay the collector pipes of one route first and then the drainage pipes connected to them, and simultaneously with the beginning of lowering the collector or drainage pipe water is forced into the trench through the guide tray into the latter to fill it. 2. The method according to p. 1, characterized in that the ditches along the routes of the collector and drainage pipes tear up to a depth of 0.5 m and a width of not more than 1 m to fill them with water. 3. The method according to p. 1 or 2, characterized in that the ditches filled with water are left in a condition flooded with water mainly for 2-3 days. 4. Drainer for the construction of tubular drainage systems in water-saturated soils, mainly on degraded irrigated lands when the groundwater level rises, including a base machine, on the supporting frame of which a chain active working body with reverse rotation and a passive working body with the installed in it a guiding tray for lowering collector and drainage pipes into the trench, and a forced water supply system containing a pump having a suction pipe designed for water intake from the ditch, and a pressure line, characterized in that the passive working body is made in the form of a hollow rigid body with a cross section streamlined by crushed and mixed to the state of fluidity form soil with a pointed front part, and the guide tray is made in a closed cross section forms and with internal dimensions corresponding to the shape and external dimensions of the collector and drainage pipes lowered through it, and from a light material having a low coefficient of friction against it to the drain pipe and the drain pipe wrapped with filter material and mounted longitudinally in the cavity of the rigid body with the possibility of removal for replacement when changing the shape and external dimensions of the used collector and drain pipes, while the pump is installed in front of the base machine, and the pressure line is connected to the guide a tray in its upper part for supplying water to it when lowering the collector or drain pipe into the trench. 5. Drainer according to claim 4, characterized in that the hollow rigid body in cross section is made of two curved flaps directed by bulges in opposite lateral sides, connected by one longitudinal edge pivotally at the rear of the housing and closed by other longitudinal edges to form a pointed front part corps.

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