RU2279299C1 - Automatic switch device for supplying respiratory mixture into pneumatic system of individual protection means - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: medical engineering.

SUBSTANCE: device has casing having principal cavity separated with movable valve into compartments connected to pneumatic systems of the individual protection means and external and reserve sources of respiratory mixture. The valve is movable between two extreme positions connecting the principal cavity compartments to pulmonary automatic machine of the individual protection means and to the external and reserve sources of respiratory mixture. One principal cavity compartment, restricted with valve end face, is communicating to atmosphere. The valve is spring-loaded, pressed against the compartment restricted with opposite valve end face and having at least three radial sealing rings for insulating the principal cavity compartments communicating to atmosphere, to canals for supplying respiratory mixture from external and reserve sources. An additional cavity is available in the casing. It is connected to the principal cavity compartments connected to the external and reserve sources of respiratory mixture. The device has two check valves mounted in casing canals. One of the valves enables one to close canal for supplying respiratory mixture to the pulmonary automatic machine from the external source. The other one enables one to close canal for supplying respiratory mixture to the pulmonary automatic machine from the reserve source.

EFFECT: improved serviceability properties.

4 cl, 3 dwg

Description

The invention relates to pneumatic equipment of personal protective equipment (PPE) of a person from the harmful effects of breathless, toxic and / or smoky environment, in particular a closed insulating suit, for example a spacesuit, a suit of a spacesuit type, scuba gear or a diving suit, used to enable a person to be in under these conditions - when carrying out work in various industries or during rescue and emergency operations - incorporating a breathing apparatus with a lung machine an atom and a switch (automatic switching device) for connecting the pulmonary automaton alternately to the backup or to external sources of the respiratory mixture, in particular a compressed air cylinder. Structurally, the device is a switch (automatic switching device) for connecting the PPE pulmonary automaton alternately to the reserve or external sources of the respiratory mixture, in particular a compressed air cylinder.

Known devices for connecting a pulmonary automaton PPE to the backup or to external sources of compressed air, which provide semi-automatic switching to air consumption from the backup source when the air pressure drops in the external source or in the absence of the latter.

One of such devices is the ventilation system “SU 120” for chemical protective suits manufactured by Draeger (Germany), created on the basis of a semi-automatic valve. If the supply of compressed air from an external source is interrupted, the SU 120 system automatically switches to a backup source of compressed air. The ventilation is turned off, the built-in whistle signals the inclusion of a backup source of compressed air. When resuming the supply of compressed air from an external source, it is necessary to press a special button to put the switch in operation on the consumption of air from an external source for breathing and ventilation.

The disadvantage of such switching devices is the inability to reconnect an external source without shutting off the valve of the connected backup source or without pressing a button specially designed for this purpose. In this case, since the button is located on the body of the switching device (i.e. inside the PPE, made, for example, in the form of a spacesuit), this action is associated with certain (very significant) inconveniences for the user (associated with the need for the user to penetrate the arm inside the suit ) and, in addition, requires a certain amount of time to complete. Thus, a disadvantage of the known device is its operation exclusively in semi-automatic mode, as well as difficult access to the mentioned button.

The closest to the proposed invention in terms of technical nature and the achieved result is the automatic switching device of the human respiratory protection system (RU 2165779 C1, A 62 V 7/02, 04/27/2001) adopted as a prototype, comprising a housing in which a spool is installed in a cylindrical cavity, the case has a fitting fixed in it for connecting an external source of compressed air, a fitting for connecting a PPE cylinder of a breathing apparatus and a fitting for connecting a pulmonary machine, the spool being made with ozhnostyu move between two extreme positions for switching the air supply channels to lung machine from an external source of compressed air or by PPE cylinder.

However, since in this device when switching work from a backup source (cylinder as part of an autonomous device) to an external source, it is necessary to close the valve on the cylinder, it also has a number of the above disadvantages and, therefore, is inconvenient in operation.

The technical task of the proposed solution is to create a switching device that increases ease of use due to fully automatic operation when changing the sources of the respiratory mixture and which at the same time has high reliability and safety.

The problem is solved in the proposed invention, the essence of which lies in the fact that the automatic switching device for supplying the respiratory mixture to the pneumatic systems of personal protective equipment (PPE) includes a housing with a main cavity divided by a movable spool into sections connected by channels to the PPE pneumatic systems and with external backup sources of the respiratory mixture, while the spool is installed with the ability to move between two extreme positions with the connection while the sections of the main cavity and with a pulmonary PPE machine and with external and backup sources of the respiratory mixture. One section of the main body cavity bounded by the end face of the spool is connected to the atmosphere, the spool being spring-loaded, pressed against the area bounded by the opposite end of the spool, and has at least three radial o-rings designed to isolate portions of the main cavity of the body associated with the atmosphere, with channels for supplying the respiratory mixture from the backup and external sources, and in the body an additional cavity is made, connected by channels to sections of the main cavity of the body, connected mi with external and backup sources of the respiratory mixture, while the device is equipped with two check valves installed in the said channels of the body, one of which is installed with the possibility of blocking the channel for supplying the respiratory mixture to the lung machine from an external source, and the other is installed with the possibility of blocking the channel for supplying the respiratory mixture to the lung machine from a backup source.

The device may further comprise a metering fitting fixed to the housing for the PPE ventilation system, connected to a section of the main cavity connected to the channel for supplying the respiratory mixture to the pulmonary machine from an external source.

The device may also contain a sound device of the alarm system, fixed in the housing, connected to a section of the main cavity connected by a channel for supplying the respiratory mixture to the pulmonary automaton PPE from a reserve source.

Thus, the set of essential features ensures the achievement of a technical result, which consists in increasing the convenience of the switching device, which generally increases the usability of life support systems when the user is in dangerous conditions.

The proposed invention is illustrated by drawings, in which:

figure 1, 2 and 3 shows three projections of the proposed switching device.

An automatic switching device (Figs. 1-3), made according to the invention, comprises a housing 1, in the main cylindrical cavity of which a spring-mounted spool 2 is mounted with the possibility of movement, having sealing rings 3, 4 and 5 mounted on it. The main cavity is divided by a spool into cavities A, B and D. On the housing 1, a fitting 6 (connector) is fixed for connecting an external source of compressed air (breathing mixture), a fitting 7 (connector) for connecting a backup balloon (not shown) and a fitting (connector) 9 for connecting of the pulmonary machine through which the breath of the consumer is carried out. The device is equipped with two non-return valves 10 and 11 installed in the housing 1, located mainly perpendicular to the spool 2 and connected to the main cylindrical cavity, and an additional cavity B is made in the housing, connected via both non-return valves 10 and 11 with the indicated cavities A and / or B , and / or G of the main (cylindrical) cavity. Moreover, the valve 10 is located in the fixing zone of the nozzle 6 for connecting an external source of compressed air with the possibility of blocking the air supply channel 12 to the lung machine from an external source of compressed air, and the valve 11 is in the fixing zone of the nozzle 7 for connecting the pulmonary machine with the possibility of blocking the channel 13 air supply to the lung machine from a backup source. A whistle 14 is fixed on the housing 1, warning the user about the consumption of the respiratory mixture from a reserve source. The spool 2 is pressed by a spring 15 against the stop in the blind portion 16 of the main cylindrical cavity of the housing 1, while the opposed portion 17 of this cavity (bounded by the second opposite end of the spool) is constantly connected to the atmosphere by channel 18. The device is equipped with fittings 19 of the PPE ventilation system. If the supply of the respiratory mixture is carried out from a backup source, then the nozzle 6 should be closed by a sealing cap 20.

The device operates as follows.

When compressed air is supplied to the cavity A from the reserve cylinder (with the cylinder valve open), the spool 2 is in the extreme left position (Fig. 1). Air flows into the cavity G and, having opened the check valve 10, enters the additional cavity B. From the cavity B through the connector 9, the air enters the lung machine. The whistle 14 signals the flow of air from the backup cylinder. The sealing ring 4 and the closed check valve 10 prevent the flow of compressed air into the cavity B. The sealing ring 3 prevents the leakage of compressed air into the atmosphere.

When compressed air is supplied to the cavity B from an external source, the spool 12, compressing the spring 15, moves to the extreme right position and automatically turns off the backup source (cylinder) of compressed air by the sealing ring 5. Air from the backup source does not enter cavity G (the portion of the main cylindrical cavity), and the whistle 14 is turned off. From cavity B, by opening the check valve 10, compressed air enters cavity B and through connector 9 to the lung machine. A closed non-return valve 11 prevents the flow of compressed air from an external source into the cavity G associated with the whistle 14. A part of the air from the cavity B, passing through the metering fittings 19 (in the presence of a ventilation system), enters the PPE (for example, a suit of a spacesuit type) for ventilation . The fitting 6 is closed by a sealing cap 20 (in the absence of an external source of respiratory mixture).

When the air pressure drops in the external source and, accordingly, in the cavity B below the reduced spring 15 starts to expand and move the piston (to the left in the drawing). O-ring 5 goes into cavity G and automatically turns off the backup source. Compressed air from the cavity A flows into the cavity G and, having opened the check valve 11, enters the cavity B. From the cavity B through the connector 9, the air enters the pulmonary machine. The whistle 14 signals the consumption of air from a backup source. The non-return valve 10 closes and prevents the flow of compressed air from cavity B to cavity B. Air from an external source continues to flow through the metering nozzle 19 into the suit. Ventilation stops when air ends in an external source or when it is disconnected from cavity B.

When the supply of compressed air from an external source stops immediately, the ventilation valve automatically switches and provides air supply from the reserve cylinder, after which the whistle 14 stops working.

In the absence of an external source, the sealing cap 20 prevents leakage and does not allow contaminated air to enter the suit.

An automatic switching device can be used to simultaneously connect a pulmonary machine to a backup cylinder and an external source of compressed air (for example, to a trunk or a portable module). It provides automatic switching to the use of an external source, and in its absence - to use a backup cylinder. During operation from an external source, the device also provides the ability to supply air under the protective clothing of the user (ventilation suit). A built-in whistle signals the air flow from the backup source.

Claims (3)

1. An automatic switching device for feeding the respiratory mixture to the pneumatic systems of personal protective equipment (PPE), comprising a body with a main cavity divided by a movable spool into sections connected by channels to the PPE pneumatic systems and with external and backup sources of the respiratory mixture, while the spool is installed with the possibility movement between two extreme positions with the connection while the sections of the main cavity with a pulmonary automaton PPE and with external and backup sources of the respiratory mixture, while one a portion of the main body cavity bounded by the end face of the spool is connected to the atmosphere, the spool being spring-loaded, pressed against a portion bounded by the opposite end of the spool, and has at least three radial o-rings designed to isolate portions of the main cavity of the housing associated with the atmosphere, the respiratory mixture supply channels from the backup and external sources, and an additional cavity is made in the body, connected by channels to the sections of the main body cavity associated with external and backup sources of the respiratory mixture, while the device is equipped with two check valves installed in the said channels of the body, one of which is installed with the possibility of blocking the channel for supplying the respiratory mixture to the pulmonary machine from an external source, and the other is installed with the possibility of blocking the channel for supplying the respiratory mixture to the pulmonary machine from a backup source. 2. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that it further comprises a fitting for the PPE ventilation system, which is connected to a portion of the main cavity connected to the supply channel of the respiratory mixture from an external source. 3. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that it further comprises an audio device of the alarm system, which is connected to a portion of the main cavity, connected by a channel for supplying the respiratory mixture to the pulmonary automaton PPE from a backup source.

Images