RU2278290C1 - Gas-turbine plant operation method - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: mechanical engineering; gas-turbine plants.

SUBSTANCE: proposed method of operation of gas-turbine plant includes compression of atmospheric air in compressor and its expansion in turbine. Prior to expansion in turbine, moisture content of compressed air is reduced by cooling the air to dew point corresponding to initial moisture content and subsequent cooling to dew point corresponding to final moisture content, with removal of steam condensation heat and water formed in process.

EFFECT: enlarged operating capabilities of gas-turbine plants, improved reliability and increased service life.

4 cl, 2 dwg

Description

The invention relates to refrigeration and engine building and can be used in gas turbine heat pumps and engines.

A known method of operation of a gas turbine installation (RF Patent No. 21115004), in which the sequential compression of atmospheric air in the compressor and its expansion in the turbine.

The disadvantage of this method is the narrow functionality of gas turbine units, since they can either only convert thermal energy into mechanical energy (engines), or only transfer thermal energy from a low temperature level to a higher temperature level due to mechanical energy (heat pump). In addition, when operating in the heat pump mode, the process of expansion of air in the turbine occurs with a large amount of condensate, which at high flow rates leads to rapid wear of the turbine and reduces the reliability and durability of the gas turbine installation.

The problems solved by this invention are the expansion of the functionality of gas turbine plants, as well as increasing their reliability and durability.

These technical problems are solved by the fact that in the method of operation of a gas turbine installation, comprising compressing atmospheric air in a compressor and expanding it in a turbine, before expanding in the turbine, the moisture content of compressed air is reduced by cooling it to a dew point temperature corresponding to the initial moisture content and then cooling to dew point temperature corresponding to the final moisture content, with the removal of heat of condensation of water vapor and the resulting water.

In addition, the degree of pressure increase during compression of atmospheric air is established from the condition that the dew point temperature at the compression pressure exceeds the temperature of the air in the atmosphere, and the condensation heat corresponding to this excess is removed by transferring it to air taken directly from the atmosphere.

In addition, the compressed air is heated before it expands in the turbine by supplying at least part of the heat removed from it during cooling.

In addition, at least part of the refrigerating capacity of a gas turbine plant is used to remove the heat of condensation of water vapor.

The method of operation of a gas turbine installation is illustrated by drawings, which depict:

Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of a gas turbine installation operating in a heat pump mode;

Figure 1 - schematic diagram of a gas turbine installation operating in engine mode.

Gas turbine installation operates as follows.

When the gas turbine unit is in the heat pump mode, atmospheric air is compressed in the compressor 1. After compression, it enters the cooler 2, where its temperature drops to the dew point temperature corresponding to the initial moisture content of the air. Next, the compressed air enters the condenser 3, where the heat of condensation of water vapor and the resulting water is removed, which enters the condensate collector 4. In this case, the moisture content of the air decreases. It is known that with decreasing moisture content the dew point temperature decreases (see V.V. Nashchekin. Technical thermodynamics and heat transfer. M: Higher school, 1980, p. 216). In this regard, the air temperature in the condenser 3 decreases, that is, the dew point temperature corresponding to the final moisture content is lower than the dew point temperature corresponding to the initial moisture content. Air with reduced moisture content is sent to the turbine 5, where it expands, performing work, and, therefore, is cooled. Cold air is supplied to the cold consumer 6. Since the air temperature at the outlet of the cold consumer 6 is always lower than the air temperature in the atmosphere, the part of the cooling capacity of the heat pump corresponding to the difference between the temperatures of the cold consumer 6 and the air in the atmosphere can be used to remove the heat of condensation of water vapor . In this regard, air is sent to a condenser 3, where it takes the heat of condensation of water vapor, and a cooler 2, where it takes the heat of cooling, and, when heated, it enters the heat consumer 7.

It is known that with increasing pressure of humid air the dew point temperature rises (see VV Nashchekin. Technical thermodynamics and heat transfer. M: Higher school, 1980, p. 211). Therefore, at certain degrees of increase in pressure and moisture content of air in the atmosphere during compression, the dew point temperature can exceed the air temperature in the atmosphere. This allows you to remove part of the heat of condensation of water vapor, corresponding to this excess, to the air taken directly from the atmosphere supplied to the system by fan 8. This allows you to get the required amount of water from the atmosphere with minimal cost of cooling capacity of the heat pump.

When the gas turbine unit is in engine mode, the atmospheric air compressed in the compressor 1 is cooled in the recuperator 9 and enters the condenser 3. In the condenser 3, it is further cooled with the removal of the condensation heat of water vapor and the resulting water, which is collected in the condensation collector 4. After the condenser 3, the air passes through the recuperator 9, where it is heated, taking the heat given to them during cooling. Next, the air enters the combustion chamber 10, where its temperature rises and goes to the turbine 5. The work performed by the heated air during expansion in the turbine 5 exceeds the work spent on its compression in the compressor 1. The difference in the work is transferred to the electric generator 11. After expansion in the turbine 5 air enters the heat consumer 7.

The degree of pressure increase is determined from the condition that the dew point temperature exceeds the air temperature in the atmosphere, and all the heat of condensation of water vapor is transferred to air taken directly from the atmosphere. Since the temperature of the compressed air at the outlet of the condenser 3 is always lower than at the entrance to the condenser 3, the process of condensation of water vapor can begin already in the recuperator 9.

The temperature of the air taken directly from the atmosphere and received the heat of condensation of water vapor is higher than the temperature of the air in the atmosphere and, if necessary, can also be sent to the heat consumer (not shown in FIG. 2).

It should be noted that when the gas turbine unit is in the heat pump mode, it can also be equipped with a recuperator (not shown in Fig. 1) to return at least a portion of the heat of cooling to the compressed air after the condensation process, which can almost completely eliminate the formation of condensate during the expansion process in the turbine.

Thus, gas turbine plants, in addition to performing their traditional functions, still allow water to be obtained from the atmosphere, which significantly expands their functionality.

In addition, a significant reduction in the moisture content of air before it expands in the turbine during operation of the gas turbine installation in the heat pump mode reduces the amount of condensate, which reduces the wear of the turbine and, therefore, increases the reliability and durability of the gas turbine installation.

With the combination of two gas turbine units, one of which works in engine mode and the other in heat pump mode, the implementation of this method allows you to simultaneously receive electricity, heat, cold and fresh water from the atmosphere, which fully ensures human activity in any climatic conditions.

Claims (4)

1. The method of operation of a gas turbine installation, comprising compressing atmospheric air in a compressor and expanding it in a turbine, characterized in that before expanding in the turbine, the moisture content of compressed air is reduced by cooling it to a dew point temperature corresponding to the initial moisture content and then cooling to a point temperature dew corresponding to the final moisture content, with the removal of heat of condensation of water vapor and the resulting water. 2. The method of operation of a gas turbine installation according to claim 1, characterized in that the degree of pressure increase during compression of atmospheric air is determined from the condition that the dew point temperature at a compression pressure exceeds the temperature of the air in the atmosphere, and the removal of condensation heat of water vapor corresponding to this excess produced by transferring it to air taken directly from the atmosphere. 3. The method of operation of a gas turbine installation according to claim 1, characterized in that the compressed air is heated before it is expanded in the turbine by supplying at least part of the heat removed from it during cooling to it. 4. The method of operation of a gas turbine installation according to claim 1, characterized in that at least part of its refrigerating capacity is used to remove the heat of condensation of water vapor.

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