RU2277431C2 - Method and device for sparing individual respiratory organ protection resources - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: medicine.

SUBSTANCE: method involves supplying respiratory gas mixture to human respiratory tract on rarefaction created by human lungs when inhaling with respiratory gas mixture composed of two portions being exhaled. The first exhaled portion comes from dead space of the respiratory tract and under-mask space of the individual respiratory organ protection appliance not having participated in pulmonary gas exchange process. It is collected and supplied for being used in the next respiratory cycle. The rest exhaled gas portion having participated in pulmonary gas exchange process is discharged outside of the individual respiratory organ protection appliance. The first exhaled portion volume discharged into respiratory sack(s) is restricted in a way to exclude consumption of air unusable for breathing by restricting respiratory sack(s) volume. Sack wall materials are selected in a way that filling pressure and rarefaction pressure when discharging are less than inhalation valve and exhalation valve pressure, respectively. Neck member is manufactured as parallel canals hindering turbulent airflow penetration from space under mask into breathing sack(s) when making intensive exhalation. An additional reservoir(s) is/are introduced into space under mask as respiratory sack(s) from flexible material. The respiratory sack(s) is/are connected to the space under mask and enclosed into rigid casing(s) of the volume required for excluding availability of air unusable for breathing.

EFFECT: spare consumption of respiratory organ protection appliance resources.

3 cl, 2 dwg

Description

The invention relates to personal respiratory protection (RPE). Under the PSIZD resource is meant an indicator of protective ability, expressed in time, volume or other quantities and which, as a rule, is associated with the amount of air consumed by a person for breathing. Dependences of the resource on the amount of air consumed do not have only a RPM with a constant supply of oxygen.

There is a method of increasing the time of the protective effect of autonomous breathing apparatus (RF patent 2085233 C1, 07.27.97), which consists in the fact that the supply of the respiratory mixture into the respiratory tract of a person is carried out from the vacuum created by the human lungs when inhaling, followed by exhalation of the respiratory mixture, consisting of two parts. The first part of the exhaled air from the dead space of the respiratory tract and the mask space of the RPD, which is not involved in pulmonary gas exchange, is taken and fed to the next breath, and the rest of the expired air involved in pulmonary gas exchange is discharged outside the RPD.

As established by additional studies, the change in the gas composition of exhaled air occurs gradually, between clean air and air saturated with carbon dioxide with a reduced oxygen content, there is a transition zone in which the concentrations of oxygen and carbon dioxide are slightly changed, but do not violate safe breathing conditions, therefore it is more correct It would not be about two parts of exhaled air (participating and not participating in pulmonary gas exchange), but about parts of exhaled air, suitable and non-existent ne breathing.

The selection of part of the respiratory mixture is controlled by the inlet and outlet valves of the reservoir, which are adjusted in such a way that the inlet pressure is less than the pressure of the expiratory valve of the RPE and the rarefaction of the exhaust is less than the valve of the pulmonary machine.

The disadvantage of this technical solution is that it provides filling and emptying of the tank during breathing, but cannot ensure the selection of part of the exhaled air suitable for breathing, since there is no connection between the sampled air and closing the valve.

It is known from the prior art that in order to ensure speech intelligibility during conversations between the front parts operating in apparatuses, conversational membranes are used, which are membranes located in the housing that conduct sound vibrations but do not violate the tightness of the mask space.

The technical result of the proposed invention is to save the resource of RPE due to the supply of the optimal amount of air necessary for breathing. At the same time, it becomes possible to increase the resource of the RPD, and to improve the ergonomic parameters of the RPD, for example, to reduce the mass.

The technical result is achieved by the fact that in the method of saving the resource of personal protective equipment of the respiratory system, the respiratory mixture is supplied to the human respiratory tract from the rarefaction created by the human lungs when inhaling, followed by the expiration of the respiratory mixture, consisting of two parts, the first part of the exhaled air from the dead airspace pathways and mask space of personal protective equipment for respiratory organs, which did not participate in pulmonary gas exchange, is selected and fed to the next And the rest of the exhaled air, which participated in the pulmonary gas exchange is discharged outside the personal respiratory protection. Unlike the known technical solution, the volume of the first part of the exhaled air discharged into the breathing bag or bags is limited in such a way that they exclude the presence of unsuitable air for breathing by limiting the volume of the breathing bag or bags, while selecting the material of the walls of the bag or bags and their shape is carried out in such a way that the filling pressure and rarefaction of the emptying are less than the response pressure of the exhalation valve and the inspiratory valve of the respiratory protective equipment, respectively, orlovinu operate in parallel channels, preventing penetration of turbulent airflow from podmasochnogo space in the breathing bag or bags with vigorous exhalation.

The device for saving the resource of personal protective equipment for respiratory organs contains a mask space with inlet and outlet valves. In contrast to the known technical solution, an additional tank or tanks in the form of a breathing bag or bags of elastic material are introduced into the under-mask space, while the selection of the material of the walls of the bag or bags and their shape is carried out in such a way that the filling pressure and rarefaction of the emptying are less than the pressure of the exhalation valve and inspiratory valves personal respiratory protective equipment, respectively, and the breathing bag or bags are connected to the mask space and placed in a rigid pus or body of such volume that they exclude the presence of air unsuitable for breathing, neck additional tank or tanks is in the form of parallel channels, preventing penetration of turbulent airflow from podmasochnogo space in the breathing bag with vigorous exhalation.

A breathing bag or bags are placed on the front of the respiratory protective equipment, and slots are made in the body of the breathing bag or bags.

The method consists in using the physiological features of the human respiratory system - the presence of dead space in the airways, where there is no gas exchange of oxygen for carbon dioxide, as well as the imperfections in the methods of connecting the breathing apparatus with the human airways, which have their own harmful space. The sum of the dead airspace of a person and the harmful space of the front parts is comparable to the volume of respiratory air. For breathing, you can also use part of the air coming from the lungs and having minor changes in the gas composition, but also suitable for breathing.

The volume of dead space of the respiratory tract and mask space depends on the anthropometric data of a person, therefore, the volume of exhaled air drawn into the breathing bag must also be selected in order to ensure breathing safety.

Depending on the ergonomic requirements and design of the front part of the RPE, the design and number of air bags for taking part of the respiratory air may be different, but the safety condition must be fulfilled - there should be no air unsuitable for breathing in the volume of the bags.

Figure 1 presents a functional diagram of a device for implementing the method; figure 2 is a General view of the front part of the SIZOD with two breathing bags of a resource saving device.

A device for implementing the proposed method works as follows: when exhaling, part of the respiratory air located in the submask 1 and in the volume of dead space of the respiratory tract 2 and partly in the lungs 3 fills the air bag 4. The volume of air entering the air bag is limited by the body of the air bag 5 in such a way that it excludes the presence of air unsuitable for breathing with a high content of carbon dioxide and low oxygen. After which the rest of the respiratory air, unsuitable for breathing, is vented through the exhalation valve 6 outside the RPE. When inhaling due to the vacuum created by the lungs of a person 3, the bag 4 is emptied, and the air reserved during exhalation enters the respiratory tract of person 2 and then into the lungs 3, after which the volume of the respiratory mixture is brought to the value necessary for inhalation through the inspiration valve 7.

The selection of the material of the walls of the bag 4 and its shape is carried out in such a way that the filling pressure and rarefaction of the emptying are less than the response pressure of the exhalation valve 6 and inspiratory valve 7, respectively.

To exclude mixing of the air taken into the bag with the rest of the exhaled mixture, the neck of the bag 8 is made in the form of parallel channels 9, which prevent the turbulent air flow from exhaling intensively from the mask space into the breathing bag.

Placing on the front part of the RPM 10 of the breathing bag 4, having a sufficiently developed surface of elastic material and a slot 11 in the housing of the breathing bag 5, allows you to abandon the spoken membrane as a device, since the intelligibility of speech in this case does not deteriorate, and the breathing bag performs the function of volume resonator.

The absence of valves between the respiratory sac and the mask space allows to reduce the resistance to breathing in the initial stage of inhalation and exhalation.

For the convenience of placement, from the point of view of ergonomics, a resource-saving device on the front part of the RPD, it can be made in the form of several breathing bags connected to the mask space. In this case, the sum of the volumes of the bags should not exceed the safe volume, which excludes the ingress of breathable air into them, and the neck of each should be made in the form of parallel channels that impede the penetration of the turbulent air flow from the mask space into the breathing bag during intensive expiration.

Claims (3)

1. A method of saving the resource of personal respiratory protective equipment, consisting in the fact that the supply of the respiratory mixture to the human respiratory tract is carried out from the vacuum created by the person’s lungs when inhaling, followed by the expiration of the respiratory mixture, consisting of two parts, the first part of the exhaled air from the dead space respiratory tract and mask space of personal respiratory protection, not involved in pulmonary gas exchange, is selected and fed to the next breath, and the rest of stagnant air, which participated in pulmonary gas exchange, is diverted from the individual respiratory protective equipment, characterized in that the volume of the first part of exhaled air discharged into the breathing bag or bags is limited in such a way that they exclude the presence of unsuitable air for breathing by limiting the volume of the respiratory bag or bags, while the selection of the material of the walls of the bag or bags and their shape is carried out in such a way that the filling pressure and rarefaction emptying is less than the response pressure inspiratory valve and inspiratory valve respiratory protective equipment, respectively, the neck is made in the form of parallel channels that prevent the penetration of turbulent air flow from the submask space into the breathing bag or bags during intensive expiration. 2. A device for saving the resource of personal protective equipment for respiratory organs, comprising a mask space with inlet and outlet valves, characterized in that an additional tank or tanks are introduced into the mask space in the form of a breathing bag or bags of elastic material, while selecting the material of the walls of the bag or bags and their forms are carried out in such a way that the filling pressure and rarefaction of the emptying are less than the response pressure of the exhalation valve and inspiratory valve personal protective equipment respiratory organs, respectively, and the breathing bag or bags are connected to the mask space and placed in a rigid case or bodies of such a volume that they exclude the presence of unsuitable air for breathing, the neck of the additional reservoir or reservoirs is made in the form of parallel channels preventing the penetration of a turbulent air stream from submasculus space in the respiratory bag with intensive exhalation. 3. The device according to claim 2, characterized in that the breathing bag or bags are placed on the front of the respiratory protective equipment, and slots are made in the body of the breathing bag or bags.

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