RU2277136C2 - Method of design and technological optimization of passenger car rear brake hydraulic cylinder - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: mechanical engineering.

SUBSTANCE: invention relates to designing and manufacturing of hydraulic cylinders from moldable deformable aluminum alloys. Proposed method includes manufacture of hydraulic cylinders from moldable deformable aluminum type АД31 and/or АД33, АД35, АД37. Hydraulic cylinder is made in form of combination housing with mounting threaded holes, cylinder threaded hole and combination hole. Hole of hydraulic cylinder consists of three grinding zones A, Д, C. Width of zone A-fine grinding zone, exceeds by 3-5% double thickness (2t') of wear zones of brake shoes engaging with working forks of spool pushers. Width of zone a is determined relative to central symmetry plane Ps of hole of hydraulic cylinder for arrangement of collars and calibrated split rings in zone A. Threads of mounting threaded holes and cylinder threaded holes are made conical. Length of zone A in hole of hydraulic cylinder for axial travel (t) of spool collars is determined by wear of layer (t') of brake shoes equated to value of cyclic displacements of feeds So. Combination housing is made of deformable mouldable aluminum alloy at minimum indices σ_в = 20-14 kgf/sq.mm, δ_в = 13-8% where σ_в is hardness and δ_в is yield point obtained at four-phase annealing with different phase transformations.

EFFECT: increased corrosion resistance and service life of articles, reduced production cost of hydraulic cylinder.

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Description

The invention relates to the field of design and technological improvement of the manufacture of hydraulic cylinders from extruded deformable aluminum alloys with predetermined strength properties, yield strength, elongation and aging structure that increase the corrosion resistance of the material and, accordingly, products made from it.

Known technical solutions include the brake cylinder body set forth in RU 2087582 C1, cl. C 22 F 1/04 publ. 08/20/1997.

The disadvantages of the known structures obtained from aluminum alloys include low technological parameters related to jamming of the structure due to the fine grinding of the entire bore of the hydraulic cylinders, and the presence of shells and sludge, the most rapidly worn piston surfaces, prematurely disable the brake system due to a violation of the tightness of the workers joints, reducing the productivity of tool processing, while the ability to corrosion after performing more expensive fur The operation in the working and auxiliary zones of the housing reduces the service life of hydraulic cylinders, in particular those made of aluminum grades other than aluminum deformable alloys with the technological creation of a certain structure during four-phase annealing of extruded deformable aluminum.

The objectives of the new technical solution are: increasing the technological capabilities of hydraulic cylinders, reducing the cost of products by performing them, for example, from wrought aluminum alloys of grades AD31, AD33, AD35, AD37 and other similar grades of deformable extruded aluminum, with the implementation of 4 phases of hardening of the material structure; increasing the manufacturability of assembly and repair due to the fine grinding of only the working area of the hydraulic cylinder bore and other technological advantages, for example, rational use of the taper of the threaded holes obtained by wear of the threaded tool during the shaping of the thread, by displacing the three base coils with the mating threaded surface of the bolt to change and create a more rational picture of the force breaking thread stresses.

The problem is achieved in that a method of structural and technological optimization of the rear brake cylinder of a car, including the manufacture of a hydraulic cylinder from aluminum, characterized in that the hydraulic cylinder is made of extruded deformable aluminum type AD31 and / or aluminum grades AD33, AD35, AD37 in the form of a combined body with mounting threaded holes, a cylinder-threaded hole and a combined hole passing through threaded elements provided with a protective cap in communication with an opening intersecting them, the spools and openings provide a closed space "B", which is associated with the openings, the opening of the hydraulic cylinder is made up of three grinding zones A, D, C, zone "A" is intended for placement of opposed spools in it, which provide working spline grooves, cuff grooves with cuffs installed on their surface, guides with calibrated split rings with retaining elements with external dustproof cuffs fixed in grooves, the width of the zone is thin Grinding “A” exceeds by 3-5% the doubled thickness (2t ') of the wear zones of the brake pads interacting with the working forks of the sliders, is determined relative to the axis and serves relative to the central plane of symmetry Pc of the cylinder bore to accommodate the cuffs and calibrated split rings, which are placed opposite oppositely to the axis of the hole, the threads of blind and cylinder-threaded holes are tapered, their taper is determined by the degree of wear of the tool blade during the form threaded surfaces (28-30), the total length "A" in the axial stroke hole (t) of the spool cuffs is determined by the wear of the layer (t ') of the brake pads, equivalent to So, the spool surfaces do not interact with the hole during their cyclic movements So, the structure of highly corrosive material body made of a compressible deformable aluminum alloy at a minimum _in terms of σ = 20-14 kgf / mm ^2, δ _B = 8.13%, achieved by annealing four-phase with different phase changes, where heated mother l preform to a temperature of 300-400 ° C, the forming by plastic deformation with podstuzhivaniem compressible preform to a temperature of 445-450 ° C to give a homogeneous composition of material plastically deformable aluminum, in which fine compound CuAl ₂ and Mg ₅ Al ₈ is maintained at the limit of solubility line, maintain the second phase of annealing by heating the preform to 510 ° C, where the CuAl ₂ and Mg ₅ Al ₈ compounds are dissolved in the α solid solution, the preform is cured to 300-100 ° C, which results in the isolation of the second phase with a lower dispersion and difficulty they take away the crystalline shifts of the grains of the hard alloy due to jamming of the slip planes of the grains of phase and structural transformations, do not allow the structure of the pressed deformable aluminum to overheat due to additional cooling of the alloy, maintain the alloy from 4 to 5 days at room temperature, thereby increasing the hardness σ _in and yield strength δ _{in the} alloy, reduce the relative elongation of the material due to the formation of Guinier-Preston zones, which creates significant strengthening stresses, heat the AD31 to 150-200 ° C for rearrangements Alignment of atoms corresponding to the CuAl ₂ compound by separation of the aging zones increases their length to 3000 Å at a thickness of 100 Å, which forms the second phase of precipitates characterizing the third aging phase, the coagulation process of the mentioned aging zones leads to a gradual decrease in the strength, elasticity and hardness of the workpiece material , anneal the structure of the material AD31 to achieve high corrosion resistance to a temperature of 300-400 ° C.

Graphic images of the design of the hydraulic cylinder: figure 1 - axial, with cuts, the projection of the hydraulic cylinder; figure 2 is a side projection of the hydraulic cylinder.

Digital and letter designations adopted in the application and graphic materials: extruded wrought aluminum alloys: AD31, AD33, AD35, AD37; combined housing (1); mounting threaded holes (2 and 3); cylinder threaded hole (4); combination hole (6); threaded elements (7 and 8); protective cap (9); hole (5); spools (10 and 11); enclosed space "B"; grinding zones A, D, C; slotted grooves (12 or 13); cuff grooves (14 or 15); cuffs (16 and 17); calibrated split rings (18 or 19); locking elements (20 or 21); external dustproof cuffs (22 or 23) - removed, grooves (24 and 25); axis (26); plane of symmetry Pc; axis (27); threaded surfaces (28-30); axial stroke (t); wear of the brake pad layer (t '); surfaces (31 and 32); cyclic movements of feeds So; minimum properties of the material of the extruded wrought aluminum: hardness - σ _in = 20-14 kgf / mm ² ; yield strength - δ _in = 13-8%; fine-grained compounds CuAl ₂ and Mg ₅ Al ₈ ; solid solution "α"; hardness σ _in and yield strength δ _{in the} alloy; Guinier-Preston zone.

Method Description

The method of structural and technological optimization of the rear brake cylinder of a passenger car, including the manufacture of a hydraulic cylinder from aluminum, characterized in that:

1) the hydraulic cylinder is made of extruded wrought aluminum of type AD31 and / or of aluminum grades AD33, AD35, AD37 in the form of a combined housing (1) with mounting threaded holes (2 and 3), a cylinder-threaded hole (4) and a combined hole (6), passing through the threaded elements (7 and 8), equipped with a protective cap (9) communicating with the hole intersecting them (5);

2) the spools (10 and 11) and the holes (5) provide a closed space "B", which is associated with the holes (4 and 6), the hole (5) consists of three grinding zones A, D, C;

3) zone A is intended for placement of opposing spools (10 and 11) in it, which provide working slotted grooves (12 or 13), cuff grooves (14 or 15) with cuffs installed on their surface (16 and 17), calibrated guides split rings (18 or 19) with retaining elements (20 or 21) with external dustproof cuffs (22 or 23), fixed in grooves (24 and 25);

4) the width of the fine grinding zone "A" exceeds by 3-5% twice the thickness of the wear zones of the brake pads interacting with the working forks of the sliders, is determined relative to the axis "26" and serves relative to the central plane of symmetry Pc of the hole (5) of the hydraulic cylinder (1) , for placing cuffs (16 and 17) and calibrated split rings (18 and 19) in it, which are placed opposite to the axis (27) of the hole (5);

5) the threads of blind (2 and 3) and cylinder-threaded (4) holes are tapered, their taper is determined by the degree of wear of the tool blade during the formation of threaded surfaces (28-30);

6) the total length "A" in the hole (5) of the axial stroke (t) of the cuffs (16 and 17) of the spools is determined by the amount of wear of the layer (t ') of the brake pads;

7) the surfaces (31 and 32) of the spools (10) and (11) do not interact with the hole (5) during their cyclic movements of the So feeds;

8) the structure of the highly corrosive material of the casing is made of a deformable extruded aluminum alloy, for example, from AD31, with minimum values of σ _in = 20-14 kG / mm ² , δ _in = 13-8%, achieved by four-phase annealing with various phase transformations, where

8.1) heat the workpiece material to a temperature of 300-400 ° C;

8.2) form the plastic blank with the plastic deformation by pressing it to a temperature of 445-450 ° С;

8.3) obtain a homogeneous composition of the material of plastically deformable aluminum, in which the fine-grained compounds CuAl ₂ and Mg ₅ Al _{8 are} kept on the limit of solubility;

8.4) maintain the second phase of annealing by heating the preform to 510 ° C, where the compounds CuAl ₂ and Mg ₅ Al _{8 are} dissolved in the solid solution "α";

8.5) make the workpiece up to 300-100 ° C, which results in the separation of the second phase with a lower dispersion value, and complicates the crystalline shifts of the grains of the hard alloy due to jamming of the slip planes of the grains of phase and structural transformations;

8.6) do not allow overheating of the structure of the pressed deformable aluminum due to the additional cooling of the alloy;

8.7) maintain the alloy for 4 to 5 days at room temperature, thereby increasing the hardness σ _in and yield strength δ _{in the} alloy;

8.8) reduce the relative elongation of the material due to the formation of the Guinier-Preston zones, which creates significant strengthening stresses;

8.9) heat AD31 to 150-200 ° C to rearrange the atoms corresponding to the compound CuAl ₂ ;

8.10) by separating the aging zones, increase their length to 3000 Å with a thickness of 100 Å, which forms the second phase of precipitates characterizing the third phase of aging;

8.11) the coagulation process of these aging zones lead to a gradual decrease in the strength, elasticity and hardness of the workpiece material;

8.12) anneal the structure of the material AD31 to achieve high corrosion resistance to a temperature of 300-400 ° C.

An example of the method

The method of structural and technological optimization of the rear brake cylinder of a passenger car, including the manufacture of a hydraulic cylinder from aluminum, is performed in such a way that

- the hydraulic cylinder is made of extruded wrought aluminum of type AD31 and / or of aluminum grades AD33, AD35, AD 37 in the form of a combined housing (1) with mounting threaded holes (2 and 3), a cylinder-threaded hole (4) and a combined hole (6), passing through the threaded elements (7 and 8), equipped with a protective cap (9), communicating with the hole intersecting them (5),

- spools (10 and 11) and holes (5) provide a closed space "B", which is associated with holes (4 and 6), the cavity (5) consists of three grinding zones A, D, C,

- zone A is intended for placement of opposed spools (10 and 11) in it, which provide working slotted grooves (12 or 13), cuff grooves (14 or 15) with cuffs (16 and 17) installed on their surface, calibrated split guides rings (18 or 19) with locking elements (20 or 21) with external dustproof cuffs (22 or 23), fixed in grooves (24 and 25),

- the width of the fine grinding zone "A" exceeds by 3-5% twice the thickness of the wear zones of the brake pads interacting with the working forks of the sliders, is determined relative to the axis "26" and serves relative to the central plane of symmetry Pc of the hole (5) of the hydraulic cylinder (1), for placing cuffs (16 and 17) and calibrated split rings (18 and 19) in it, which are placed opposite to the axis (27) of the hole (5);

- the threads of blind (2 and 3) and cylinder-threaded (4) holes are tapered, their taper is determined by the degree of wear of the tool blade during the formation of threaded surfaces (28-30);

- the total length "A" in the hole (5) of the axial stroke (t) of the cuffs (16 and 17) of the spools is determined by the wear of the layer (t ') of the brake pads;

- the surfaces (31 and 32) of the spools (10) and (11) do not interact with the hole (5) during their cyclic movements of the So feeds;

- the structure of the highly corrosive material of the casing is made of a deformable extruded aluminum alloy, for example, from AD31, with minimum values of σ _in = 20-14 kgf / mm ² , δ _in = 13-8%, achieved by four-phase annealing with various phase transformations, where

- heat the workpiece material to a temperature of 300-400 ° C;

- form the plastic blank with plastic deformation to compress it to 445-450 ° С;

- get a homogeneous material composition of plastically deformable aluminum, in which the fine-grained compounds CuAl ₂ and Mg ₅ Al _{8 are} kept on the limit of solubility;

- maintain the second phase of annealing by heating the preform to 510 ° C, where the compounds CuAl ₂ and Mg ₅ Al _{8 are} dissolved in the solid solution "α";

- they preform the workpiece to 300-1000 ° C, which results in the separation of the second phase with a lower dispersion value, and hinder the crystalline shifts of the grains of the hard alloy due to jamming of the slip planes of the grains of phase and structural transformations;

- do not allow overheating of the structure of the pressed deformable aluminum due to additional reinforcement of the alloy;

- maintain the alloy from 4 to 5 days at room temperature, thereby increasing the hardness σ _in and yield strength δ _{in the} alloy;

- reduce the relative elongation of the material due to the formation of Guinier-Preston zones, which creates significant strengthening stresses;

- heat AD31 to 150-200 ° C to rearrange the atoms corresponding to the compound CuAl ₂ ;

- separation of aging zones increases their length to 3000 Å with a thickness of 100 Å, which forms the second phase of precipitates characterizing the third phase of aging;

- the coagulation process of these aging zones lead to a gradual decrease in the strength, elasticity and hardness of the workpiece material;

- annealing the structure of the material AD31 to achieve high corrosion resistance to a temperature of 300-400 ° C.

Industrial utility of a new technical solution

The use of new structural and technological operations in the manufacture of the hydraulic cylinder allows the efficient use of new grades of aluminum of the AD-31 type without many mechanical and auxiliary operations replaced by plastic deformation and combined annealing with Guinier-Preston zones.

The economic efficiency of the new technical solution: reducing the cost of production, increasing the corrosion resistance and durability of products while improving the quality of appearance create the prerequisites for the demand for this method in the automotive industry.

Claims (1)

A method of constructive and technological optimization of the rear brake cylinder of a passenger car, comprising manufacturing an aluminum hydraulic cylinder, characterized in that the hydraulic cylinder is made of extruded deformable aluminum of type AD31 and / or of aluminum grades AD33, AD35, AD37 in the form of a combined housing with mounting screw holes, cylinder-threaded a hole and a combined hole passing through threaded elements provided with a protective cap in communication with the hydraulic cylinder intersecting the hole and, in this case, the enclosed space "B" is connected with the cylinder-threaded hole and the combined hole, and the hole of the hydraulic cylinder is made up of three grinding zones A, D, C, zone "A" is designed to accommodate opposed spools that provide working slotted grooves in it, cuff grooves with cuffs installed on their surface, guided by calibrated split rings with retaining elements with external dustproof cuffs fixed in the grooves, the width of zone "A" - the zone of thin sew molding exceeds by 3-5% the doubled thickness (2t ') of the wear zones of the brake pads interacting with the working forks of the sliders, the width of zone "A" is determined relative to the central plane of symmetry Pc of the cylinder bore, for placement of cuffs and calibrated split the threaded rings of the mounting threaded holes and the cylinder-threaded hole are tapered, the length of zone “A” in the bore of the hydraulic cylinder for axial stroke (t) of the spool cuffs is determined by the wear of the layer (t ') of the brake pads, equate My to the magnitude of cyclic feed movements So, the surface of the spool does not interact with the opening at their cyclic displacements innings So, the structure of a combined body made of a deformable material is pressed aluminum alloy at a minimum _in terms of σ = 20-14 kgf / mm ^2, δ _B = 13- 8%, where σ _in - hardness, and δ _in - yield strength attainable by annealing four-phase with different phase changes, wherein the preform material is heated to a temperature of 300-400 ° C, the forming by plastic deformation compressible Zagot podstuzhivaniem Ku with temperature to 445-450 ° C to give a homogeneous composition of material plastically deformable aluminum, in which fine compound CuAl ₂ and Mg ₅ Al ₈ is maintained at the limit of solubility line, kept the second annealing phase by heating the workpiece up to 510 ° C, to preform podstuzhivayut 300-100 ° C, which achieves the separation of the second phase with a lower dispersion and complicates the crystalline shifts of the grains of the hard alloy due to jamming of the slip planes of the grains of phase and structural transformations, avoiding overheating structures of extruded wrought aluminum due to additional cooling of the alloy, withstand the alloy from 4 to 5 days at room temperature, which increases the hardness σ _in and yield stress σ _{in the} alloy, reducing the relative elongation of the material due to the formation of Guinier-Preston zones, which create significant reinforcing voltage is heated compressible deformable AD31 type aluminum and / or aluminum grades AD33, AD35, AD37 to 150-200 ° C for rearrangement of atoms, the corresponding compound of CuAl ₂ separation zones increase their aging for well, up to 3000Å with a thickness of 100Å, which forms the second phase of precipitates characterizing the third phase of aging, the coagulation process of the mentioned aging zones leads to a gradual decrease in the strength, elasticity and hardness of the workpiece material, annealed the material structure of pressed deformable aluminum of type AD31 and / or aluminum grades AD33 , AD35, AD37 to achieve high corrosion resistance to a temperature of 300-400 ° C.

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