RU2277020C1 - Method for damless storage and reclamation of gold-mining in the conditions of monsoon climate and mountainous terrain - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: mining industry.

SUBSTANCE: the method consists in mixing of the "tuilings" of the concentrating mill with carbonates with a subsequent storage of them without construction of a dam. Crumbs of brucite, as well as products of wood chemical processing of wood - lining are additionally introduced in the mixing, the place of storage is coated with a layer of an isolating water-proof film, 2 mm thick, withstanding without any rupture the action of the wheeled and caterpillar machinery. Shower and snowmelt waters are discharged by a water - way trench to the underlying area of the valley with a subsequent cleaning of them.

EFFECT: reduced danger of contamination of the ecosystems in the process of assimilation of mineral resources.

3 ex

Description

The invention relates to the mining industry and can improve the efficiency of warehousing and storage of the "tailings" of the processing plant, reduce the risk of technogenic mercury pollution of ecosystems in the process of developing mineral raw materials.

Currently, mining waste is usually stored in tailings with the construction of a dam. They occupy large areas and in the climatic conditions of the Far East are prone to breakthrough during monsoon rains and heavy rains. In this regard, toxic harmful substances enter water bodies and groundwater, thereby causing enormous environmental and material damage to natural systems. This type of tailings requires constant monitoring and repair, while remaining dangerous for many years (Melentyev, Pavchich, 1986 and others).

There is a method of arranging a storage for industrial waste (AS USSR No. 2130820, 1996), which provides for the construction of a tank - storage of industrial waste in natural soils and can be used to build a system of industrial barriers that limit the spread of hexavalent chromium in soils. The storehouse, made with multilayer insulation from a mechanical mixture of sand with clay and ash with the addition of goethite powder and peat (sapropel) with small gravel of gypsum or anhydrite, allows not only to store, but also to self-clean solid chrome waste from hexavalent chromium.

The disadvantage of this method is that the storage of waste requires the installation of a geochemical barrier at the boundary of the storage. However, its destruction is not ruled out, which leads to subsequent technogenic chemical pollution of ecosystems in adjacent territories.

Essentially the problem being solved, the closest in technical essence and the achieved effect is the method of processing and disposal of industrial waste (Patent EA No. 001735, CL. 04 V 18/30, 09 V 3/00, 02 F 11/00, 2001 ), which involves mixing waste with carbonates. Their subsequent storage is carried out without the construction of dam tailings or limiting bulk dumps.

However, the disadvantage of this storage method, which we took as a prototype, is that in the monsoon climate and mountainous terrain of the Far East, the tailing dump can be subject to destruction and significant technological pollution of ecosystems.

The purpose of the invention is to reduce the negative impact of the "tailings" of the enrichment plants on the environment to ensure their ecological and social safety.

The technical result of the invention is the transfer of toxic waste from mining enterprises into a sedentary state to reduce the technological impact of mining on the environment.

The technical result of the invention consists in the fact that in the method of dummy-free storage of gold mining waste in the conditions of monsoon climate and mountainous terrain, comprising mixing the “tails” of the processing plant with carbonates, followed by their storage without building a dam, according to the invention, crusite crusher is additionally introduced into the mixing, as well as products of wood chemical processing of wood - lignin, while the storage location is covered with a layer of insulating waterproof film 2 mm thick, withstanding without The impact of wheeled and caterpillar equipment, while storm and melt water is diverted by a drainage trench to the lower part of the valley with their subsequent cleaning.

The method of dumb-free storage of gold mining wastes under the monsoon climate and mountainous terrain seems particularly important from a geochemical point of view, since it helps to prevent the intensive migration of toxicants into natural systems under mountainous terrain during the monsoon rains characteristic of the Far Eastern region. In this regard, the drainage and drainage of storm and melt water in the form of a drainage trench with their subsequent treatment are provided. To prevent adverse hydrological conditions, an additional waterproofing layer is used not only from clay material, but also a 2 mm thick film that withstands the impact of wheeled and tracked vehicles without breaking.

What is new is that damp-free storage of “tails” in the solid state is assumed, and the resulting mixture fits into a lower relief with layer-by-layer compaction of the material. For economical and technical reasons, such depressions are usually chosen in a draining valley downstream of a watercourse. In the conditions of the eastern outskirts of Russia, huge volumes of storm and melt water periodically come to such places, and therefore special drainage from waste storage sites is provided.

This goal is achieved in that it eliminates the entry of “tails” into soils and water bodies and reduces the cost of long-term maintenance of tailings.

A positive technical result consists in the production of waste with chemically bound harmful components, which reduces the geochemical mobility of hazardous substances and reduces the risk of environmental pollution.

The proposed method involves an intermediate stage of the associated extraction of valuable components, in the case when this does not increase the total cost of disposal. The extraction is carried out by geotechnological methods.

An additional technical result is the receipt of marketable products, thereby reducing the cost of obtaining the main technical result.

A significant difference of the proposed solution from the methods used is that the waste is stored not in the form of a semi-liquid poisonous, toxic pulp, but in the form of a waterproof solid material. A distinctive feature of the tailing dump is that it is made with multilayer insulation from a mechanical mixture of waste with natural and sorbing materials (in addition to clay, loam, zeolites, carbonates, as in the prototype, we propose the use of brucite chips, coal waste, lignin), and this can be achieved by mixing the tails and compacting them. The ecologically safe functioning of this tailing dump in the conditions of monsoon climate and mountainous terrain is also ensured by drainage and drainage of storm and melt water in the form of a drainage trench with their subsequent treatment in settling ponds.

Examples.

1. The processing and disposal of mining waste involves mixing waste with carbonates. The distribution of carbonates is carried out evenly in the entire volume of mining waste. The formation of the dump is carried out in depressions on the surface of the earth with the preliminary removal of the soil layer and its subsequent reclamation. For the proposed method using widely used in the mining industry and construction equipment - excavators, loaders, bulldozers, dump trucks, scrapers. The components are mixed on screens, conveyor belts, concrete mixers or agglomerators. The choice of a set of technical means is determined by the type of industrial waste and the volume of processed materials. The modes of neutralization and the ratio of the components of the mixture are determined specifically for each tailing dump or place of storage of waste using a range of analytical and technological works. The selected methods are agreed with the state bodies of sanitary and environmental control. Storm and melt water are diverted by a drainage trench to the lower part of the valley with their subsequent treatment in settling ponds.

2. A method of dumb-free storage of gold mining wastes in the monsoon climate and mountainous terrain involves mixing the waste with carbonates, brucite chips, as well as the product of wood-chemical processing of wood - lignin. The distribution of carbonates, crumbs of brucite and lignin is carried out evenly in the entire volume of waste. The mixing of the components, the selection of their ratios is performed similarly to the first example. Storm and melt water are diverted by a drainage trench with subsequent treatment in settling ponds.

INFORMATION SOURCES

1. Melentyev V.A., Pavchich M.P. Catastrophic accident tailings // Hydrotechnical construction, No. 11, 1986.

2. Copyright certificate of the USSR No. 2130820, Cl. 6 V 09 V 1/00.

3. Patent EA No. 001735, Cl. C 04 V 18/30, V 09 V 3/00, C 02 F 11/00, 2001 (prototype).

Claims (1)

A method of dump-free storage and disposal of mining waste, including mixing the "tailings" of the processing plant with carbonates and then storing them without building a dam, characterized in that crusite of brucite is added to the mixing, as well as the products of wood-chemical processing of wood - lignin, while the storage location cover with a layer of insulating waterproof film 2 mm thick, withstanding the impact of wheeled and caterpillar equipment without tearing, while storm and melt water drain water hydrochloric trench into the underlying part of the valley with subsequent purification.