RU2275996C2 - Manual electric-arc welding operator training apparatus - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: didactic devices for learning primary procedures and skills of manual electric arc drill.

SUBSTANCE: training apparatus includes housing, welded parts simulator, electrode mounted in electrode holder and electronic voltage conversion circuit. Said circuit is arranged inside housing and it represents voltage converter whose outlet is connected with electrode and with welded parts simulator. Said simulator is in the form of flexible thin metallic substrate to which paper sheet is secured by means of magnet. Simulator is mounted with possibility of changing inclination angle for simulating different types of welded seams. Flexible thin metallic substrate may have flat or curvilinear surface. It shortens time period of learning and improves its visualization due to using feedback circuit and due to possibility for writing operator actions on paper sheet.

EFFECT: improved design, enhanced efficiency of learning.

3 cl, 2 dwg

Description

The invention relates to didactic training tools for mastering the welding process and can be used in the educational process in the preparation of welders to develop professional initial techniques and skills for manual arc welding.

The applicant knows the analogue of the claimed utility model (AS No. 1441446 of the USSR dated November 30, 88, Bulletin No. 44), as being close to him in the aggregate of essential features. This analogue is a welder simulator, where the electronic circuit controls the position of the electrode (mainly by instruments), other parameters, but also indirectly, i.e. This simulator is controlling, therefore professional welders work with it during re-certification and advanced training.

The disadvantage of this simulator compared to the claimed one is the lack of feedback between the simulator and the student, a low level of visibility, an indirect connection with the teacher, the lack of control and self-control, self-training, as well as a very complex electronic circuit that requires qualified maintenance, high price, the impossibility of self-production in a school setting. This simulator controls a huge number of parameters that are not important for a novice welder.

The applicant is also aware of an analogue of the claimed invention as being close to him in the aggregate of essential features (AS of the USSR No. 1596369 of 09.30.90, Bull. No. 36). This prototype is a simulator for mastering the skills of manual arc welding, namely, mastering the initial skills of professional techniques. Such a simulator contains a simulator of parts to be welded, an electrode simulator with an electrode holder. Simulation of the weld is obtained by suctioning air with sand from the surface of the simulated welded parts. The shape of the track, which is obtained by suctioning sand from the surface of simulated welded parts, judges the skills of the welder. In addition, there are transverse ribs on the simulator of the parts to be welded, which help the student to master a limited number of welds.

The disadvantage of this analogue is low visibility, for example, not only the parts to be welded, the weld, but also the electrode and holder are imitated. In this prototype, the physical principle of electric arc welding is replaced by mechanical (suction of sand from the surface of the parts being welded). The transverse ribs on the surface of the simulated welded parts allow you to learn a limited number of welds, there are absolutely no simulated welds on a curved surface, ceiling seams and others. On the simulator of the surface of the welded parts, it is difficult for the teacher to set an exercise that the student must perform. After each exercise, it is necessary to bring the surface of the parts to be welded to their original state (it is necessary to again pour a layer of sand). The welder’s simulator for manual electric arc welding is tied to the pneumatic system and cannot be used autonomously, in addition, it cannot store training results for a long time, for example, after each teacher’s assignment. The noise from the compressor does not affect the well-being of the student and teacher in the best way.

The prototype of the present invention is A.S. No. 556908 (Bulletin No. 17 of 1977). The aim of the invention on this A.S. is also improving the learning process. To achieve this goal, the simulator is equipped with an electric converter of the welding arc into sound of various frequencies and head phones connected to the welding circuit.

The simulator allows you to significantly speed up the process of training welders due to the joint participation of two senses in the perception of information about the length of the welding arc.

The task to which the invention is directed is to increase the visibility, introduce effective feedback for the control and self-control of the student, the ability to record the actions of the student to complete the tasks of the teacher and save this record throughout the training period on paper The claimed invention involves the use of an electrode and an electrode holder of an industrial design. The inventor was able to solve the problem of simulating an electric spark, which is created by an electronic circuit, i.e. save the physical essence of electric arc welding. This spark is generated by an electronic circuit from galvanic batteries, therefore, it can operate autonomously, while the noise level is reduced to a threshold value. The invention proposed by the author allows the simulator to be portable and portable, in contrast to the prototype, it is made in the form of a "diplomat" and, in addition, the inventive simulator is able to work offline. All this meets the criterion of "ingenuity."

In the inventive simulator, it was possible to solve the problem of recording and saving the actions of the learner and recording the tasks of the teacher, which is achieved by using an electric spark from an electronic circuit that can burn a paper sheet if it lies on a metal substrate, which is part of the simulator of the parts to be welded and at the same time serves as the second electrode of the electronic scheme. The trace of such a spark represents on a paper sheet a series of perforated dots that repeat the teacher’s task, which can be drawn on the same sheet or verbally specified. The simulator of the parts to be welded is made of a thin metal plate over which a sheet of paper is located and which can take various forms of parts to simulate welds, including on a curved surface, and also allows you to simulate ceiling joints and can be installed at any angle.

The achievement of the technical result of the invention is possible only by maintaining the physical nature of the process of electric arc welding on the simulator. Thanks to the feedback, the trainee has the ability to control and self-control, while his actions are recorded on paper and stored throughout the entire training period, which allows us to trace the dynamics of the learner's mastering of skills in the field of manual arc welding. The increase in visibility increases the quality of the learner’s skills and knowledge.

The above distinguishing features are new in comparison with the prototype, because the invention meets the criterion of "novelty."

This technical solution can be reproduced industrially, therefore, it meets the criterion of "industrial applicability".

The invention is illustrated by drawings. Figure 1 presents a General view of the simulator electric welder manual arc welding. It contains a simulator of parts to be welded (2), a housing (4), inside of which there is an electronic circuit (see figure 2), an electrode with an electrode holder (5 and 6), a sheet of paper for recording the fulfillment of the task by the trainee (1), which is attached to to the simulator of parts to be welded using magnets, a rack (3) for installing the simulator of parts to be welded at any angle.

The simulator works as follows. The end-of-electrode being trained touches the simulator of the parts to be welded in order to ignite the arc, and then he needs to maintain a distance from the end of the electrode to the simulator of parts to be welded so that an even row of equally perforated points remains on the sheet of paper, because too close the end of the electrode causes carbonization of part of the sheet of paper, spots with carbonized edges appear on it, and too large a distance from the sheet of paper leaves no residue. The degree of mastering of the initial skills of manual electric arc welding is judged by these traces, and if you save these sheets of paper, you can trace the changes in the dynamics in the development of trained professional techniques.

The electric circuit is a voltage converter that allows you to get 20-15 kV at the output, while at the input of the circuit it is 6-9 V. The current value in this circuit is negligible, which ensures safe training conditions on the simulator. The simulator can work completely offline, it is easy to manufacture and affordable to maintain.

Claims (3)

1. A simulator for manual electric arc welding, comprising a housing, a simulator of the parts to be welded, an electrode fixed in an electrode holder and an electronic voltage conversion circuit, characterized in that the electronic voltage conversion circuit is located inside the housing and is made in the form of a voltage converter, the output of which is connected to the electrode and a simulator of parts to be welded, made in the form of a flexible thin metal substrate with a sheet of paper fixed to it with a magnet, while the simulator the parts to be welded is installed with the possibility of changing the angle of inclination to simulate various types of welds. 2. The simulator of a manual electric arc welding welder according to claim 1, characterized in that a thin flexible metal substrate with a sheet of paper attached to it is made with a flat surface. 3. The simulator of a manual electric arc welding welder according to claim 1, characterized in that a thin flexible metal substrate with a sheet of paper attached to it is made with a curved surface.

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