RU2273901C2 - Underground nuclear power station - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: industrial structures that can be used for building underground nuclear power stations.

SUBSTANCE: proposed nuclear power station has process units incorporated in single nuclear power unit which are disposed in underground openings. Power unit has reactor and turbogenerator plants with shipment-and-processing compartment and associated systems for recovering radioactive wastes provided with exits to surface; water circulating system; plenum-exhaust ventilation system; cable routes and transport-service lines. Underground openings for receiving mentioned units are located at two communicating levels. At least one unit, system for accumulating and recovering radioactive wastes, and plenum-exhaust ventilation system are disposed at upper level. Spent nuclear fuel storage and radioactive waste burial ground are disposed at lower level. Like ends of tunnels for these units are communicating through tunnels for transport-service lines with tunnels for accommodating reactor plant. The latter is disposed in deepened caisson and provided with insulating containment. The latter, caisson wall, and partition form solid and tight vacuum enclosure joined with shipment-and-processing compartment of unit. Reactor plant of power unit uses liquid-metal cooled fast reactor.

EFFECT: enhanced efficiency and environmental friendliness in power generation, as well as nuclear and radiation safety of power station.

18 cl, 2 dwg

Description

The invention relates to structures for industrial purposes, namely, power plants using a nuclear power plant to generate electricity placed underground.

The construction of nuclear power plants, which provide the cheapest energy, faces a number of problems, the main of which are nuclear and radiation safety, plutonium utilization and prevention of its proliferation, the efficiency of nuclear fuel use and the economics of the process of generating electricity, the processing and disposal of radioactive waste, and the disposal of nuclear processing products. fuel. The search for a solution to such problems led to the development of projects of underground nuclear power plants (FNPPs) in which the reactor core is located deep (no closer than 40 m) underground in stable, preferably rocky, soils and thermodynamically connected to ground or underground heat exchangers, and radionuclides from the active zone after their development should be disposed of and buried in special conditions or deep underground, and the emergency situation of an underground atomic explosion with the scattering of radionuclides will not affect the environmental gii environment on the earth's surface due to the isolation of the leak of radionuclides into the atmosphere / US Pat. No. 4851183, IPC 621 CO 13/10, 1989; E.L. Petrov. FNPP is a highly efficient area of dual technology for marine engineering. Shipbuilding, St. Petersburg, 2000, No. 3, p.25-27 /.

An underground nuclear power plant is known (Kammer project), which includes four underground chambers for placing the reactor and related equipment, maintenance approaches, ventilation shafts and tunnels that do not have open access to the reactor zone and are connected to an underground gallery for accommodating auxiliary equipment made with the possibility of isolation both from the reactor room and from the outer space, while the reactor is cooled by a passive injection safety system in the form of a superficial surface water tank connected by a pipeline to the reactor shell / U.A. Kammer, M.B. Watson. "Underground nuclear power plants with ground-based turbogenerators" in "Atomic engineering and its design", 1975, No. 33, p. 308 /. A disadvantage of the well-known FNPP is the need to ensure effective radiation protection and the complexity of the isolation system of the station.

The FNPP is known, including the CANDU nuclear reactor located deep in rock, which is connected with a set of turbine generators, condensers and related equipment located in separate, shallow dug tunnels. The reactor system is located in four main chambers that are interconnected by tunnels and with the surface of the earth - a vertical shaft providing access / RCOberth, In "Underground Siting of Nuclear Power Pants, Proceedings of the International Symposium, Hannover, Bundesanstalt fur Geowissenschaften und Rohstoffe, Mar.18-20, 1981, Stuttgart, 1982, p.95 /. A disadvantage of the known technical solution is the need to ensure effective isolation of a developed network of underground chambers and a vertical shaft in the event of a reactor accident. In addition, a common disadvantage of well-known FNPP projects / see also US Pat. No. 4,244,153, 1976. .; 4297167, 1981; 4167087, 1979 / is the difficulty of practical application, due to the peculiarities of heat transfer from the reactor core at great depths to a heat exchanger located on or near the surface, since conventional reactors that can melt when the coolant is lost, not suitable for operation in conditions where it is difficult to control the process of their work.

A deep-lying underground nuclear power plant is known, which includes a complex of structures for placing technological units that allow the production of thermal energy and its conversion into electrical energy, located both in underground workings and put together there on a functional basis, and in ground structures that are interconnected by transport and utilities, including a water circulation system, a supply and exhaust ventilation system, cable routes and transport-commune ativnost pipe for feeding and movement of goods, including radioactive and passengers /V.N.Dolgov and others. The underground space of the world. 1997, No. 3, pp. 14-15 /.

The underground technological units include at least one nuclear power unit containing a reactor unit associated with a turbogenerator unit and a transport and technological department equipped with a spent nuclear fuel washing box and holding pools, a system for collecting and processing liquid and solid radioactive waste (RAW) , spent nuclear fuel storage facility and radioactive waste repository. The technological blocks provide for the placement of equipment for irrigation and drainage, fire fighting, air conditioning, ventilation and decontamination, as well as for cooling and water treatment for pools, which eliminates the ingress of pollution from underground premises into the ground and the environment.

It is assumed that a well-known nuclear power plant can be located in single-level workings in rocky soil in compliance with the engineering geology requirements for such structures, both along the strike of thick stratified rocks, which ensures an advantageous distribution of pressure on the arches, and the arrangement of the machine room (and others premises), in which special drainage should be provided, as well as reinforcement of antifiltration protection in the field of storage of radioactive waste and, in particular, the repository. In a well-known nuclear power plant, it is possible to use ship nuclear power plants and their support systems as sources of nuclear energy.

A well-known underground nuclear power plant, including at least one nuclear power plant located in underground mines, containing a reactor and a turbogenerator unit with a transport and technological department, a system for collecting and processing radioactive waste, a spent nuclear fuel storage facility, a radioactive waste repository, and having conclusions to the surface , to auxiliary ground facilities, a supply and exhaust ventilation system, a water circulation system, cable routes and transport and communications ikativnye line is selected as the closest analog of the claimed invention.

The objective of the invention is to increase the efficiency of environmentally friendly electricity production and ensure nuclear and radiation safety of an underground nuclear power plant.

The problem is solved in that in a well-known underground nuclear power plant, including technological units located in underground workings comprising at least one atomic energy unit containing a reactor and a turbogenerator unit with a transport and technological department, and associated systems for collecting and processing radioactive waste , spent nuclear fuel storage facilities and a radioactive waste repository, as well as water circulation systems, a supply and exhaust ventilation system, cable lines having leads to the surface Systems and transport and communication lines, in accordance with the invention, underground workings for technological units are located at two communicating levels, with at least one atomic energy unit, a system for collecting and processing radioactive waste and a supply and exhaust ventilation system being located at the upper level, and At the lower level are the spent nuclear fuel storage facility and the radioactive waste repository, which are spatially integrated and connected to the radioactive waste collection and processing system. In addition, the ends of the tunnels of the same name for the technological units are connected by tunnels for transport and communication lines, the tunnels for each nuclear power unit are separated by strong-density partitions with the formation of a reactor hall to house the reactor installation and a machine room to house the turbogenerator installation, and the reactor installation is located in a recessed caisson and is equipped with an insulating sheath, which forms, together with the walls of the caisson and the said partition, a tight evacuated baffle, associated with the transport and technological department of the atomic energy block, in the reactor installation of which a fast neutron reactor with a liquid metal coolant was used.

In addition, findings on the surface of water circulation systems, supply and exhaust ventilation, cable routes and transport and communication lines are located within the ground structures of the power plant.

In addition, the upper and lower underground levels are communicated through mines that connect the tunnels for the transport and communication lines to the spent nuclear fuel storage.

In addition, the tunnels for transport and communication lines have conclusions to the surface in the form of shafts adjacent to the mentioned tunnels at their ends and equipped with passenger-and-freight elevators with sanitary inspection rooms.

In addition, the tunnels for the placement of technological units have buffer sections at the ends to prevent contact with the external environment.

In addition, the reactor installation is made in the form of a monoblock double-circuit steam generating installation, the first circuit of which contains a liquid metal coolant, and the second is a steam-water working fluid.

In addition, lead Pb or a lead-bismuth alloy Pb-Bi in the form of a melt are selected as the liquid metal coolant.

In addition, the reactor hall is equipped with a half-shell placed above a high-density evacuated partition.

In addition, the system for collecting and processing radioactive waste includes a device for solidifying liquid radioactive waste and a device for burning and cold pressing solid radioactive waste.

In addition, the supply and exhaust ventilation system includes a device for cleaning polluted air.

In addition, a spent nuclear fuel washing unit and holding pools are located in the transport and technological department of the energy block.

In addition, the spent nuclear fuel storage facility is configured for dry long-term storage of fuel with air cooling.

In addition, the spent nuclear fuel storage facility and the radioactive waste repository have a cumulative volume corresponding to the estimated amount of radioactive waste over the life of the power plant.

In addition, the tunnels for the placement of technological units are 160-200 m long and 20-22 m in diameter.

In addition, the tunnels for transport and communication lines are 200-500 m long and 9-10 m in diameter.

In addition, the arches of the tunnels are made of reinforced concrete blocks and compressed to the rock.

In addition, the arches of each tunnel to accommodate the atomic energy block along the entire length are reinforced with metal half-shells with frames to accommodate handling equipment.

In addition, the findings on the surface of water circulation systems, supply and exhaust ventilation, cable routes and transport and communication lines were made with the exception of their direct contact with the reactor installation.

The technical result of the invention is to increase the safety of nuclear power plants, reduce the amount of radioactive waste, increase the efficiency of natural uranium, the possibility of long-term storage of plutonium, which ensures high efficiency and environmental friendliness of electricity production, as well as nuclear and radiation safety of underground nuclear power plants.

This result is achieved by reliable isolation of any number of atomic energy units installed in the underground part of the NPP from its ground part, with the exception of operations for transportation of spent nuclear fuel to the surface, since the tunneling method of placement of the NPP technological units provides storage of radioactive substances in any quantity due to the installation of additional tunnels as needed.

In addition, when underground placing an atomic energy block, geologically stable formations (rock salts, Cambrian salts, rock), in which tunnels and mines are constructed and properly equipped, in case of an accident or natural disaster themselves are a universal protective barrier that reliably isolates the underground nuclear power plant from the environment. During an emergency cooldown of the reactor, heat is removed directly to the ground, which cannot be performed at surface nuclear power plants. In addition, the intensity of possible seismic effects on the premises of an underground nuclear power plant is reduced by 1.5-2 times compared with that on the Earth's surface. The organization of long-term storage (for 100-200 years) of spent nuclear fuel in underground facilities eliminates the need for unscheduled reprocessing of it with the extraction of plutonium and its delivery to the day surface.

A fast neutron reactor increases the safety of nuclear power plants due to the physical properties of the core, such as the absence of noticeable effects of reactivity such as xenon poisoning, the temperature effect of the coolant, and also due to the compensation of plutonium produced in the uranium fuel burnout, which ensures a small operational margin of reactivity in a working reactor.

Such a reactor is characterized by a spontaneous decrease in power with increasing temperature in the core due to a violation of heat removal, loss of coolant, filling the core with water or steam. In addition, the efficiency of the use of nuclear fuel, such as natural uranium, increases significantly as a result of plutonium production, which leads to a decrease in the volume of radioactive waste, simplifies the process of their processing and disposal.

The liquid metal coolant lead Pb or lead bismuth Pb-Bi in the form of a melt also ensures the safety of nuclear power plants due to their physical properties. Such a coolant has a high boiling point (1725 ° С and 1670 ° С, respectively), which at low pressure and emergency overheating of the coolant eliminates the increase in pressure and re-pressing of the primary circuit, and in the case of depressurization of the primary circuit it eliminates the thermal explosion of the reactor and loss of coolant.

The coolant is not consumed in work and can be used repeatedly. The lead-bismuth alloy Pb-Bi has a melting point of 125 ° C, and lead is 327 ° C, the coolant is loaded into the installation and used in the form of a melt, which quickly hardens when the circuit is depressurized, provides a low level of induced gamma activity, and retains radioactive iodine and other nuclear fission products in a reactor.

The monoblock execution of the reactor installation in combination with the standard insulating safety vessel of the reactor ensures that the coolant cannot flow out of the circuit even when it is depressurized, which eliminates the appearance of alpha-active aerosols of the Ro-210 polonium isotope. The design features of the monoblock, the placement of the reactor installation in a separate hall of the tunnel allow passive cooling of the reactor through the housing with atmospheric air due to natural convection through the air ducts, which avoids overheating of the core and its melting.

The leakage of radioactive substances into the environment under extraordinary circumstances, such as sabotage, due to the depressurization of the main and safety hulls, is eliminated by the introduction of additional installation safety barriers (strong-density barrier, reinforced concrete tunnel lining blocks and soil).

The invention is disclosed in figure 1, which shows the layout of the technological units and systems of the underground nuclear power plant at all levels, and figure 2, which shows the layout of the atomic energy block of the underground nuclear power plant (longitudinal section).

Underground nuclear power plant is as follows (figure 1). In underground tunnels in the form of tunnels, at the first underground level, technological units are located comprising at least one atomic energy unit 1, a supply and exhaust ventilation system 2, and a radioactive waste collection and processing system Z. The block tunnel is connected with a shaft for placement of cable routes 4, designed to divert electricity to a ground-level transformer substation, and a shaft for placement of a collector of a water circulation system 5, intended for supply and removal of water azhdeniya. The tunnel for accommodating the supply and exhaust ventilation system 2 is adjacent to the ventilation shaft 6, which has access to the day surface, and the system 2 includes a device for cleaning polluted air, which prevents the spread of any pollution through the ventilation ducts. The ends of the tunnels of the same name for the placement of technological units at the first underground level are connected by tunnels to accommodate the transport and communication lines 7, divided into two branches - “clean” 8 and “dirty” 9, so defined in accordance with the nature of the technological operations that they serve (in in particular, the movement of goods from the surface along the “clean” highway 8 and the movement of spent nuclear fuel into storage along the “dirty” highway 9). Tunnels for placing branches 8, 9 of the transport and communication lines 7 at the ends are connected to the day surface by shafts 10, equipped with passenger-and-freight elevators and sanitary inspection rooms.

The tunnels for the technological blocks have buffer sections 11 at the ends that separate the rooms of the blocks from communication with the external environment through the branches of the transport and communication lines 7 and the shaft 10. The tunnels under both branches of the transport and communication lines 7 are connected by the shafts 12 to the ends of the tunnel located at the lower underground level for the storage of spent nuclear fuel 13, spatially integrated with the repository of radioactive waste 14. This arrangement of technological units allows you to connect the system failure a and 3, processing of radioactive waste, comprising a curing device for liquid radioactive wastes and the combustion device and cold pressing of solid radioactive wastes (not shown in Figure 1) through a "dirty" branch line 7 to 9 repository 13 burial ground 14.

Through cable routes 4, the collector of the water circulation system 5, the ventilation shaft 6 and the shafts with passenger-and-freight elevators 10 with access to the day surface, the upper underground level is connected to auxiliary facilities 15 of the ground level, such as the central control panel of nuclear power plants, cooling towers, diesel power plants, transformer substations, power lines, etc., while the conclusions on the surface of all the mentioned systems and routes are made with the exception of their direct contact with the radioactive medium of atomic energy 1 block.

The second underground level is deepened to a distance at which it is permissible to have the repository 14 to fulfill the requirements for its device for ensuring the conditions for disposal of radioactive waste, and due to the intake of air from the supply and exhaust ventilation system 2, dry long-term storage of spent nuclear fuel is provided in the presence of its air cooling, and the gas composition of the air is controlled by a device for cleaning polluted air in the supply and exhaust ventilation system 2.

The total volume of dry storage of spent nuclear fuel 13 and the repository of radioactive waste 14 is designed to accommodate radioactive substances accumulated for at least the estimated life of the nuclear power plant (50-60 years).

The underground mine for the placement of the atomic energy block (Fig. 2) is made in the form of a tunnel 16, which is divided by strong-density partitions 17 with the formation of the reactor hall 18 for the placement of the reactor installation 19, the machine room 20 for the placement of the turbogenerator installation 21 and the transport and technological department 22. The reactor installation 19 is placed in a buried caisson 23 and is provided with an external insulating shell 24, which together with the walls of the caisson 23 and the tight-fitting partition 17 forms a tight-tight vacuum a movable partition 25, in which equipment is provided that serves the internal reactor temporary storage of spent nuclear fuel, designed to store emergency unloading of fuel assemblies and spent fuel assemblies (FAs) between two planned overloads (not shown in Fig. 2).

Strong-dense fence 25 is associated with the transport and technological department 22, which provides a washing box 26 for spent nuclear fuel and a holding pool 27.

The transport and technological department 22 is connected with the RAO 3 collection and processing system through the branch 9 of the transport and communication lines 7, which is used to unload the aforementioned department 22 and to move spent nuclear fuel along the technological chain.

The reactor installation 19 is made in the form of a monoblock double-circuit steam generating unit with a fast neutron reactor, the first circuit of which contains a liquid metal coolant, and the second contains a steam-water working fluid, and Pb lead or a lead-bismuth Pb-Bi alloy in the form of a melt are selected as a liquid coolant providing reliable environmental protection in case of reactor depressurization.

The second circuit through the steam supply pipe 28 connects the reactor installation 19 with a turbogenerator installation 21 that generates an electric current.

The tunnels in which the technological units of the underground nuclear power plant are located can be made using the well-known technology for the construction of underground subway tunnels, mainly about 160-200 m long and about 20 m in diameter.

Each tunnel has two arched compressed on the rock - the upper 29 and the return 30 (figure 2), which are recruited from reinforced concrete tubing. The lining of the tunnel along the entire length of the power unit 1 is reinforced in the upper part with metal half-shells 31 with frames to accommodate handling equipment. The principle of operation of an underground nuclear power plant is that the thermal energy generated by the nuclear reactor installation 19 is taken out by the working fluid — the steam-water mixture in the second cooling circuit and converted into mechanical energy of the steam jet, which is supplied through the steam line 28 to the turbogenerator unit 21, which converts the mechanical energy of the steam jet into the electric. It is essential for the process under consideration that, with the appropriate choice of the parameters of the thermodynamic cycle, the pressure of the non-radioactive steam-water working fluid in the second circuit is exceeded over the pressure of the radioactive liquid metal coolant in the first cooling circuit of the reactor installation 19, which provides a pressure gradient of the medium toward the first circuit in case of violation circuit integrity and emergency occurrence, while the pressure gradient provides localization radioactive substances inside the primary circuit (active protection). Such a reactor installation is widely used, in particular, on ships as a source of electricity. Through cable routes 4, the generated electricity is transmitted to the transformer substation of the ground support complex of structures 15 for distribution to consumers.

During operation of a fast neutron reactor, the starting core loading, made up of fuel assemblies (fuel assemblies) with highly enriched (10-12%) uranium fuel, is gradually replaced by previously loaded fuel assemblies from depleted (or dump) uranium in which plutonium has already been accumulated.

Essential for ensuring nuclear and radiation safety are operations involving the handling of fresh and spent nuclear fuel, namely, the reception of fresh nuclear fuel and its preparation for subsequent loading into the reactor of facility 19, as well as the extraction of spent fuel from the reactor, and temporary storage in the in-reactor storage between planned overloads, storage in the storage pools 27 of the transport and technological department 22 of the energy block 1 and subsequent long-term storage in a dry underground ranilische 13, 14 combined with a burial ground solid waste and solidified liquid.

Spent nuclear fuel can be delivered to long-term storage 13 from power unit 1 using a single transport container. Wet storage of spent nuclear fuel is carried out in the holding pool with the placement of fuel assemblies on the racks until the corresponding decrease in heat generation corresponding to the permissible temperature of the fuel assemblies during dry storage. Storage of defective spent fuel assemblies having various types of damage is carried out in pressurized canisters.

The use of transport and communication lines 7 and vertical shafts 10 makes it possible to load spent nuclear fuel into transport containers, if necessary, send them to processing plants.

Calculations show that an underground nuclear power plant based on a single fast neutron reactor plant can generate power of about 220 MW, while the steam consumption for a turbogenerator plant is 100 t / h. The temperature of the liquid metal coolant at the entrance to the active zone is 250 ° C, and at the exit - 450 ° C. The temperature and pressure of the steam supplied to the turbine are 380 ° C and 5 MPa, respectively. Such a power unit can be placed in the tunnel hall with a length of 120 m, a width of 22 m and a maximum height of 24 m.

Economic estimates show that the total costs for the design and construction of an underground nuclear power plant with a capacity of 880 MW (four power units - see figure 1) are about 1000-1200 million cu In this case, the cost of one Gcal of thermal energy will be 2.0-2.5 cu, and one kW / h - not more than 0.03 cu The technical and economic efficiency of the proposed underground nuclear power plant can be increased compared to the calculated one due to the fact that the station can be located in the immediate vicinity of settlements - consumers of electricity, which reduces network losses and eliminates the use of power lines over long distances. The operation of underground nuclear power plants requires significantly lower costs for dismantling, decontamination and disposal of capital structures in comparison with land-based nuclear power plants, since such disposal can be done on site by closing the corresponding tunnel with a minimum amount of work. Ground auxiliary structures of such a nuclear power plant do not require the alienation of large areas and practically do not need restoration after the end of the operation of the station.

An underground nuclear power plant, located at several levels, best solves the issue of long-term storage of spent nuclear fuel and the disposal of radioactive waste, since it eliminates the costs associated with the construction of regional radioactive waste storage facilities and their transportation to the processing and disposal site.

The station itself can operate in automatic mode while providing control and monitoring from above ground facilities, which significantly reduces operating costs and the cost of electricity generated while improving the safety of the station.

Claims (18)

1. An underground nuclear power plant, including technological units located in underground mines as a part of at least one nuclear power unit, containing a reactor and turbogenerator unit with a transport and technological department and associated systems for collecting and processing radioactive waste, spent nuclear fuel storage and a repository of radioactive waste, as well as a water circulation system, a supply and exhaust ventilation system, cable routes and vehicles having leads to the surface communicative highways, characterized in that the underground workings for technological units are located at two communicating levels, with at least one atomic energy unit, a radioactive waste collection and processing system, and a supply and exhaust ventilation system located on the upper level, and the lower level houses the spent nuclear fuel storage facility and the radioactive waste repository, which are spatially integrated and connected to the radioactive waste collection and processing system, with the same name the ends of the tunnels for the technological units are connected by tunnels for the transport and communication lines, the tunnels for each nuclear power unit are separated by high-density partitions with the formation of a reactor hall to house the reactor plant and a machine hall to house the turbogenerator plant, and the reactor plant is located in a recessed caisson and is equipped with an insulating a shell forming, together with the walls of the caisson and the said partition, a tight, vacuum evacuated burnout DKU conjugated with transport and separation process of the atomic power station block, in which the reactor system used in fast breeder reactor liquid metal coolant. 2. The power plant according to claim 1, characterized in that the upper and lower underground levels are communicated through mines that connect the tunnels for the transport and communication lines to the spent nuclear fuel storage. 3. The power plant according to claim 1, characterized in that the tunnels of the transport and communication lines have conclusions to the surface in the form of shafts adjacent to the said tunnels at their ends and equipped with passenger-and-freight elevators with sanitary inspection rooms. 4. The power plant according to claim 1, characterized in that the tunnels for accommodating the process units have buffer sections at the ends to prevent contact with the external environment. 5. The power plant according to claim 1, characterized in that the reactor installation is made in the form of a monoblock double-circuit steam-producing installation, the first circuit of which contains a liquid metal coolant, and the second is a steam-water working fluid. 6. The power plant according to claim 1, characterized in that Pb lead or a lead-bismuth Pb-Bi alloy in the form of a melt is selected as the liquid metal carrier. 7. The power plant according to claim 1, characterized in that the reactor hall is equipped with a half-shell placed above a high-density evacuated partition. 8. The power plant according to claim 1, characterized in that the system for collecting and processing radioactive waste includes a device for hardening liquid radioactive waste and a device for burning and cold pressing solid radioactive waste. 9. The power plant according to claim 1, characterized in that the supply and exhaust ventilation system includes a device for cleaning polluted air. 10. The power plant according to claim 1, characterized in that in the transport and technological department of the energy block there is a washing box of spent nuclear fuel and storage pools. 11. The power plant according to claim 1, characterized in that the spent nuclear fuel storage is made with the possibility of dry long-term storage with air cooling. 12. The power plant according to claim 1, characterized in that the spent nuclear fuel storage facility and the radioactive waste repository have a cumulative volume corresponding to the estimated amount of radioactive waste over the life of the power plant. 13. The power plant according to claim 1, characterized in that the tunnels for the placement of technological units are 160-200 m long and 20-22 m in diameter. 14. The power plant according to claim 1, characterized in that the tunnels for transport and communication lines are 200-500 m long and 9-10 m in diameter. 15. The power plant according to claim 1, characterized in that the arches of the tunnels are made of reinforced concrete blocks and compressed to the rock. 16. The power plant according to claim 1, characterized in that the arches of each tunnel to accommodate the atomic energy block along the entire length are reinforced with metal half-shells with frames for placing hoisting-and-transport equipment. 17. The power plant according to claim 1, characterized in that the findings on the surface of water circulation systems, supply and exhaust ventilation, cable routes and transport and communication lines are located within the ground structures of the power plant. 18. The power plant according to claim 1, characterized in that the conclusions on the stability of water circulation systems, supply and exhaust ventilation, cable routes and transport and communication lines are made with the exception of their direct contact with the reactor installation.

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