RU2272742C1 - Diving outfit for shallow waters - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: water transport; diving outfit.

SUBSTANCE: proposed diving outfit includes unit for forced delivery of atmospheric air located below breast plate of ballast system and provided with impeller, speed regulator for control of speed depending on depth of submergence and storage battery. This unit is communicated with breathing hose and breathing tube communicated with body provided with mouth-piece and inhalation and exhalation valves; breathing hose is communicated with water flooding protective device fitted with float and cap. Ballast system is provided with weighting material for feet and on-the-back plate with shoulder and waist belts with snap hooks for securing to breast plate; plates are provided with ballast cargoes fasteners. Besides that, inflatable reservoir in form of collar is secured on the back plate; it is communicated with mouth-piece with tip. Each weighting material for feet is made in form of lead sole thickening from heel to toe-cap; it is provided with lead upright bent transversely behind diver's shank.

EFFECT: simplified construction; ease in use.

5 dwg

Description

The invention relates to water sports, to diving equipment, in particular to open breathing systems from shallow depths, ballasting and balancing of buoyancy.

The existing devices for staying under water at a depth of up to eight meters embody the experience of deep-sea operations, i.e. scuba gear, expansion joints, compressed air compressors, gearboxes, regulators, breathing machines, wetsuits, multi-valve systems, ballast systems, etc. If such equipment is acceptable for industrial, construction and repair work, for rescue services, then for individual use, for relaxing in shallow water it is cumbersome, difficult to deliver, configure, implement, not intended for shallow depths. On the other hand, they use devices for snorkeling - swimming on the surface of the water with a breathing tube, in a mask, with fins and short diving to a shallow depth. The breathing tube is lengthened: US patent No. 2814292, 11.26.1957, 128-201.11 and FR patent No. 2609962 A1, 07.29.1988, B 63 C 11/16, but the return air reduces the time spent under water, worsens the swimmer's well-being, there is a need for stability , the verticality of the tube, warning about diving to its maximum length, its impermeability while continuing the dive - diving, because when diving, there is no complete blowing out of water (there is not enough exhalation volume), and they also complicate the tube and introduce a system of inspiration valves at its upper end and exhalation: ed. SU No. 281198, 09/03/1970, B 63 С 11/16 and US patent No. 4655212, 04/07/1987, 128-201-201.11, their disadvantage is that when diving, the air inside the tube is replaced by penetrating water, which is difficult to completely blow out on the surface of the reservoir with the valve closed inhale.

Specific to shallow water was the use of hoses for forced supply of atmospheric air to overcome the pressure of water that makes breathing difficult by electric, diesel or mechanical air pumps, for example, US patent No. 5471976, 05.12.1995, 128-201.27, US patent No. 3467091, 09.16.196969 , 128-201.11, DE patent No. 3721429 C2, 07.30.1992, B 63 C 11/20, implementation of the principle of forced ventilation - US patent No. 5535734, 07.16.1996, 128-201.27, prototype, up to the use of a compressed air balloon floating on the surface of the water, - DE patent No. 2635617 C3, 02/03/1983, B 63 C 11/20 and the introduction of the regenerator air under water exhaled air (with its purification from carbon dioxide - patent RU No. 2078713 C1, 05/10/1997, 63 C 11/20). However, providing atmospheric air for staying at shallow depths remains with structural, technical and operational drawbacks that need to be addressed, including using new solutions and technical capabilities.

Dozens of devices are used on the surface of the water, which help to fix and hold the breathing tube or hose under water in a variety of ways, including wooden rafts, empty airframes or with additional constructions of plastic containers - floats, above which air intake devices rise, taking into account the elimination of flooding by rain, side wave, accidental impact and flooding. Known devices that contain in the upper extremities with the upper end of the breathing tube bent downwards plastic balls that block the inlet of the air duct under the influence of water (buoyancy of the ball is used) - GB patent No. 2311227 A, 09.24.1997, B 63 C 11/16 and US patent No. 5351681, 10/04/1994, 128-201.11. Sometimes a valve that actuates a water inlet is made inside the float, for example, in a round cone-shaped plastic container from 2 to 10 liters and a breathing tube up to 3 meters long (GB patent No. 2187103 A, 09/03/1987, B 63 C 11/16). However, the use of the bell principle remains popular (US patent No. 53335734, July 16, 1996, 128-201.27, also used as a valve blocking the water inlet of the breathing tube - patent SU No. 1761587 A1, September 15, 1992, B 63 C 11/16). The applied designs are not reliable enough, not duplicated by protective devices.

The terminal device in the form of a block: the air pipe, mouthpiece, inspiratory and expiratory valves are improved from developments related to snorkeling, in which the exhalation valve of used air and the blowing of accidentally entering water is defined next to the mouthpiece in a single unit, and to completely eliminate air recirculation there and placed the inspiration valve: patent NO No. 168815 B, 12/30/1991, 63 C 11/16 and patent FR No. 2732305 A1, 10/04/1996, 63 C 11/16. However, a longitudinally blocked tube with two air ducts (one for inhalation, the other for exhalation) has narrowed air passages, it is not intended to fill with water, which cannot be blown out of the section with the inhalation valve, cannot be used for forced air supply. Separate breathing: inhalation through the nose, exhalation through the mouth has a physiological nasal restriction on the length of the tube and hose (patent FR No. 2720050 A1, 11.24.1995. B 63 C 11/16). Therefore, the inspiratory and expiratory valves are developed taking into account the requirements of forced breathing in shallow water depths.

Stability and stability, ballasting and balancing of buoyancy, individual ballast selection are taken into account by a diver on a shallow slope. A simple diver for a quick dive and a short stay under water uses a primitive load, which he parted under water. The diver and diver have the bulk of the ballast in the form of scuba gear, technical equipment, belts with weighting, chest and neck ballast, soft pressed weights on the ankles, weighted shoes, cargo panels and plates. Much can be adapted to shallow water conditions. For example, a lead belt with inserts (patent FR No. 2671047 A1, 07/03/1992, B 63 C 11/30), a belt with shoulder straps (GB patent No. 2287870 A, 04.10.1995, B 63 C 11/30), chest ballast with fastening by shoulder and zone belts (patent FR No. 2816814 A1, 05.24.2002, A 45 F 3/04). Active improvement of ballast equipment for divers and divers went through the introduction of balancing buoyancy, using air tanks (patent FR No. 2689481 A1, 10/10/1993, B 63 C 11/30), mainly vests or additional cylinders, in which either scuba air was pumped , or their air was bleed (ed. St. SU No. 740602, 06.15.1980, B 63 C 11/04), and now also in the form of compensators with filling and etching valve buttons and the development of complex suspension systems (FR patent No. 2682928 A1, 04/30/1993, B 63 C 11/02). However, swimming with a horizontal position of the body and staying at the bottom, resting and working in a vertical position, are a feature of shallow water for a diver and require refinement of ballast equipment. So, for example, in the absence of scuba gear, the lead belt becomes heavier, becomes difficult to control, the alignment of ballast and coordination of movements are disturbed.

Staying at the bottom requires weighted shoes. Diving galoshes and bots with soles up to 12 kg each, boots with lead insoles (2-4 kg each), as well as backs (mounted on heels, from 3 kg each) are bulky, not comfortable, and do not take into account individual size requests , weight and comfort. For additional loads on the calf muscles in sports, shoes and sandals are used with fastening with screws or garter weights (US patent No. 19990970, 02/12/1935, 36-132, US patent No. 2545910, 03.20.1951, 36-132, GB patent No. 2100969 A, 01/12/1983, A 43 R 13/10, US patent No. 4686781, 08/18/1987, 36-132), but they are not intended to be worn under water, made with a certain size and underweight. Many solutions are known that take into account the anatomical and muscle features of the foot and lower leg, shoe attachments (DE patent No. 3907196 A1, 09/13/1990, A 43 B 7/14 and US patent No. 2395767, 02.26.1946, 36-11.5), however , there is a need for simple designs of weights, worn on sports shoes or without shoes, dimensionless, with the possibility of individual adjustment and cheap.

The aim of the invention is to improve and improve the design, technical and operational characteristics of underwater equipment for shallow water, its complex of swimming systems on and under water, work and rest at the bottom at a depth of up to eight meters: a forced air supply unit from the water surface; nozzles and float, ensuring water resistance to the hose; inhalation valve, which eliminates air recirculation, and exhalation valve - blows out exhalation and accidentally ingested water; ballast equipment with the ability to collect, distribute, center, fix the mass of the load, balance it on and under water when swimming, hovering and staying at the bottom in conditions of comfort and safety.

This goal is achieved by the fact that the forced air supply unit from the surface of the water is placed and attached at the bottom of the chest plate of the ballast equipment in the form of a sealed box body, in which, on the one hand, is an inlet for connection with grip through the rubber gasket of the air intake hose, on the other hand, an outlet for connecting also with the clamping of the breathing tube with the block of the pipe duct, mouthpiece, inspiratory and expiratory valves. Inside the box consists of two sections: the first is cylindrical, through the longitudinal axis from one hole to the other, an impeller is installed in the middle part, occupying the entire cross-sectional area of the sealed air duct, drawing air from the water surface. The impeller axis passes through two bearings (with an interval between them), on which there is a coupling with bends of fasteners to the cylinder walls, the axis of the bevel gear ends, to which at the right angle through the bearing in the cylinder wall the rotating roller passes with the bevel gear. In the second section, there is a battery and an electric motor with a mechanical variator disk on the shaft, as well as a pinion-contact gear wheel that goes into the first section. The increase and decrease in the speed of rotation of the impeller by smoothly moving the variator disk is carried out through a membrane that responds to water pressure and indirectly connected to the variator. Turning on and off - through the thin bottom wall of the air supply unit.

The float is realized, for example, in the form of a round ten or more liter empty canister, in its center a sleeve with a diameter of 1-2 cm larger than the diameter of the nozzle tube is mounted or mounted together with the float, which allows the float to remain on the surface, while the nozzle and its air intake tube can lower and rise within the established lower limiter - a metal or plastic washer inserted at the junction of the nozzle tube, passed through the float, with a hose. To prevent the filling of the hose with accidental water and rain, a nozzle is installed - a cap having a system of external and internal conical walls. When the diver dives deeper than the length of the hose and the height of the nozzle tube, the float with its upper inclined plane will block the inlet air intake holes of the nozzle, and when water enters, the bell principle (closed air bubble under the cap) will work and there will be no gulf.

A flexible hose - rubber or made of polymeric materials, with a diameter of 18 mm or more, up to 8-10 meters long (depending on the need: the depth of the reservoir, the characteristics of work and rest) is mounted at the bottom of the back plate of the diver’s ballast equipment and with a lap belt and fastened to it goes to the connection with the forced air supply unit, after which it goes upward along the edge of the chest plate and rotates towards the center, to the duct block, mouthpiece and inspiration and expiration valves made in a separate plastic in the form of a breathing tube th case - a tube length of 14-17 cm, inside which at the air flow are inhalation valve, 3-4 cm from it - a connecting outlet for connection and fastening of the mouthpiece and exhalation valve. Structurally, the inspiratory and expiratory valves consist of standardized parts.

For the diver, ballast equipment is proposed in the form of stainless steel, duralumin or plastic back and chest plates symmetrical with respect to the longitudinal axis, with rubberized gaskets, ballast and suspension mounting means with bow plates on the chest plate, shoulder and waist belts with carabiners and pull-up buckles. A back plate, for example, 22 cm wide, 21 cm high, 3 mm thick, 1.1 kg weight, with load secured in three unsealed cylinders or between each other or in stainless steel reinforcement cages, allowing up to 17.1 kg to place and secure the load - standard sets of weighting agents (for example, aluminum cans filled with lead (a can of 0.5 l filled with molten lead makes up a mass of 5.7 kg)) lead can be in the form of fractions, balls , pellets in packaging bags. A chest plate of the same width - 22 cm, a height of 14.2 cm and a thickness of 3 mm, weighing about 750 g with four fastening welded arches for the shoulder and waist belts with carabiners, also with fasteners in three unsealed welded to the plate and between in cylinders or in frames for weighting agents (for example, aluminum cans filled with lead (a can of 0.33 l with lead is a mass of 3.8 kg). Typical frame on the plates: under each can, a rod 10 mm in diameter, 72 mm long with a hole in the end and a thread in it, screwed onto the center of the bottom of the can, into which another rod corresponding to the hole size and thread is soldered, also has side rods - one on the sides and between the cans at a height of 8 cm and 14 cm, which are screwed into the plate with a height exceeding the radius of the cylinder of the cans, at the ends of the side rods there are holes turned to the cans. In banks at a height of 8 cm and 14 cm, transverse holes are made through the center. Passing the spoke through the holes of the rods and cans screwed in advance into the support rod, pressing the wing nuts on the sides of the spoke, the fastening of the cans is completed.

When selecting an individual ballast mass with three large and three small cans with an initial equipment weight of 3 kg, there are 16 combinations of cargo options from 3 to 31.5 kg. An individual approach to the balance of immersion and buoyancy under water (the so-called hovering) is made by balancing buoyancy, which is carried out by pumping (for example, exhaled air) or by bleeding already accumulated, including on the surface of water, air in a rubber air tank, which is on the top of the back in the form of a collar. It is fastened with a petal of folded rubber walls to the middle of the back plate, and the taps of the tank are attached to the shoulder straps in two places to the shoulder pads and in two afterwards with a transition to the chest, where they end with rubber petals attached to the straps. The length of the inner edge of the tank and its branches is about 80 cm, the outer edge is about 100 cm, which ensures a tank volume of 4 liters, i.e. increase buoyancy with an empty tank by 4 kg, or reduce buoyancy with a filled tank by 4 kg, or manipulate 2 ^ME kg with a medium-filled tank. An outlet tube with a safety clip at the end departs from one of the bends at the level of the clavicle, it is put on the mouthpiece with a valve to close the duct. The mouthpiece is inserted into the wall of the mouthpiece, its outer part outside the oral cavity. The mass of cargo, which had to be balanced by buoyancy, can be determined when the diver returns to the surface by the volume of air squeezed into the device for determining the vital capacity of the lungs (spirometer), and taking into account air compression at the depth of balancing, make ballast corrections - remove excess ballast.

By shifting down the center of gravity, making the legs heavier, they achieve greater stability for being at the bottom or for hanging in a vertical position. The sole and the rear part of the lower leg are most suitable for placing cargo on the leg, which can be expressed as an elongated fairly wide sole with a mass of up to 2 kg and a thickened, concave side of the leg with a stand up to 30 cm high, and also weighing up to 2 kg. The main construction of the sole and stand is made of lead with a thick coating of polymer material. By analogy with a fishing rod for bottom fishing of the fish, which is called "donka", the weighting material on the legs can be called "donkeys". Their mass up to 8 kg makes changes in the distribution of ballast on the back and chest plates. Fasteners for weights - the bottom is made by lacing from the toe to the top of the tibia through the metal braces welded to the lead in the manufacture of the edges of the sole and tibia. With a flat sole on top, its bottom is sloping from a thick heel to a thinning toe, which, depending on the individual size, can be cut. The lead leg of the lower leg can be cut even more, because too different ballast requirements arise. The ductility of lead over time improves the fit of weighting agents.

The invention is illustrated by drawings. Figure 1 shows a General view of underwater equipment for shallow water in natural conditions, including chest plate with weighting materials, suspension belts, forced air supply unit and weighting materials for legs, in Fig.2 - forced air supply unit, in Fig.3 - cap and float - surface part of the intake hose, in Fig.4 - cap (bottom view ), in Fig. 5, a back plate with reinforcing fasteners for weighting materials, an air tank, hanging straps and a hose mount.

Above-water and scuba diving with an air intake hose at depths of up to eight meters, bottom work and rest are their own characteristics, which are expressed in providing adequate depth to the pressure of the air supplied for breathing, without penetration of water, without its recirculation and with a ballasted, well-placed load. Air supply (see Fig. 1) is carried out through a hose 1 up to 8-10 meters long, with a diameter of 18 mm, which is attached at the bottom of the back plate and is connected tightly and screwwise through the gasket through the gasket 11 to the forced air supply unit 2, having two sections (see figure 2): a section for pumping air to the required pressure 3 and a section with an accumulator 4, with an electric motor 5, with a variator 6 of mechanical transmission of rotation to the axis of the impeller 7 in the first section, as well as a supporting holder 8 of the electric motor 5, membranes 9, react uyuschey on water pressure and switch 10.

The upper end of the hose is on the surface of the water, its stability and additional buoyancy in the vertical position is ensured by an air tank - a float 12, which can be hermetically fixed at the upper end of the hose, leaving room for any nozzle or without it, or tight with a sleeve, diameter which is 1-2 cm larger than the diameter of the nozzle tube 13. The hose indelibility (see Fig. 3) is provided by the nozzle cap 13 with a system of external and internal conical walls 14 of the passage of air flow through round (see figure 4) inlet intake openings with saddles 15, hermetically sealed with the corresponding inclined wall 16 of the float, together forming a docking unit. Inside the cap there are several inclined planes 14, on the bottom (for the drain of random water) of which there are openings 17 for air passage. Side sectional partitions are possible, while in each section there should be inlet and outlet openings that are larger in area than the upper end of the breathing tube. Under the nozzle on the tube 18 is attached a spring 19, which holds the space between the nozzle and the float in the normal state. The spring liquefies, abuts against the provided groove 20 of the float, makes it possible to snugly press the inclined plane of the float to the saddles of the inlet air inlet nozzles. The breathing tube 18 of the nozzle is connected under the float moving along it with a hose, a metal or plastic washer 21 is placed at the junction - a limiter for the float.

The other end of the air duct is a breathing tube 22, extending from the forced air supply box, connected to the housing of a single block of the mouthpiece 23, the inspiration valve 24 and the exhalation valve 25. The housing is made in the form of a 14-17 cm plastic tube, at one end of which, as an example , a roller is provided 0.5 cm from the edge beyond which the breathing tube is pulled and secured with a collar, or a threaded or other connection between them, there is an inspiration valve underneath, an exhalation valve at the other end of the block case, 3-4 cm from the valve inspiration business There is a tap for installing and fixing the mouthpiece. This asymmetric arrangement of the mouthpiece allows air bubbles from the exhalation valve to rise outside the swimmer's field of vision. Structurally, the valves are universal, interchangeable, made, for example, in this way: a round plastic frame is inserted into each end of the duct housing with a mouthpiece, having a round seat in front of the inner edge and in the same plane from the inner wall of the frame to the center, at an equal distance between them 3, 4 radial leaves, forming 3, 4 equal segments, flat struts for stop fixed in the center towards the air passage round elastic membrane.

Figure 5 shows the back plate 26 of, for example, stainless steel with a size of 22 cm × 21 cm and a thickness of 3 mm, on which a frame is made for three aluminum cans 32 with a volume of 0.5 l, 0.33 l, or in a combination of cans different volumes of bottom 35, side and interbank 33 rods screwed into the plate at the height of cans 8 cm and 14 cm, on the width of the international standard of popular cans of this kind with a diameter of 6.5 cm. Under the plate there is a glued rubber strip 27, protruding at the edges up to 4 cm with cutouts for shoulder 29 and waist 31 belts, post stantly fixed to the plate. The fastening of cans filled with lead (weighing 5.7 kg or 3.8 kg each) is carried out by screwing them into the holes of the bottom rods and knitting needles passed through the holes of the side rods and cans made through the center at a height of 8 cm for large and small cans and 14 cm for large cans. The knitting needle is fixed on both sides with wing nuts. Above the plate there is an air tank 30 in the form of a collar, at the bottom of which of two layers of rubber - a petal 37, attached to the top of the plate by a screw with a washer, pneumatic capacitance bends 39 are attached to the shoulder straps, under which there are gaskets 38. One of the bends has a branch pipe 40 a safety clip 41 at its end, worn on the mouthpiece 42 with a valve to shut off the air flow. To carry the plate and the hanging straps there is a handle 36 between the two shoulder straps, an air intake hose 1 is attached at the bottom of the plate.

Figure 1 - chest steel plate 43, for example, 22 cm × 14.2 cm in size, 3 mm thick, weighing 750 g, with arches 44 for fastening the shoulder 29 and waist 31 belts with snap hooks. The rubberized gasket 45 protrudes up to 4 cm from the edges of the plate 43 to which it is glued. For securing the cargo - three aluminum cans 32 filled with lead (volume - 0.33 L each, weighing 3.8 kg), there are bottom rods 46 into which the cans are screwed and through them at a height of 8 cm, interbank and side rods 47 fixing holes are passed with holes. At the bottom of the plate is a forced air supply unit 2. Insertable on the back plate (large and small banks) - 3 large (5.7 kg each) and 3 on the chest plate (3.8 kg each) have 16 combinations of ballast from the initial mass equipment of 3 kg to 31.5 kg with full ballast.

Weights for the bottom stay by the diver 48 - donks contain a lead sole 49 and a lead transversely concave stand 50 behind the lower leg, covered with a thick layer of polymeric materials and fastened with cords 51 to the foot and lower leg through the wire arms 52 along the edges of the structure. The contact surfaces of the weighting agents with the foot and lower leg can be coated with woven material. Water resistance and dryness of the feet and up to the hips is provided by polyethylene boots, which the diver puts on directly to sports shoes or socks before attaching weighting materials.

Equipment diver: mask, back plate with cargo, partly filled air tank, fixed end of the intake hose, fastened chest plate with shoulder and waist strap carabiners, cargo plate and forced air supply unit, flippers or weighted shoes, holding a float with a nozzle and a hose , enters the water to the level of the chest, puts a float with a nozzle on the surface of the water, inserts a mouthpiece in the block with valves and a breathing tube and floats or goes under water to the depth he needs up to eight meters. In other conditions, a diver can descend into the water from the steps of a ladder, jump with his feet down or fall out of a floating or stationary object. Breathing is carried out through a hose, the inspiration valve is opened by the inlet air flow - by the inspiration force and air pressure from its supply unit, it is closed by the exhaled air pressure - exhalation force. The exhalation valve is kept closed by water pressure and opens by active exhalation, with excess pressure in the tube, part of the air may be bleed.

By pressing the switch from below, an electric motor is switched on through the wall of the air supply unit, the membrane is pressed by the water pressure and acts on the variator and regulates the impeller rotation speed and air pressure in the breathing tube. Placing and fixing the ballast on the back and on the chest creates free space for the movements of the arms and legs, allows you to evenly distribute its mass, reliably fix and exclude its displacement during movements. Individual selection of cargo is easy to perform in cylinders with drainage holes, as well as in frames with aluminum cans, for example: with an initial mass of equipment - 3 kg, adding 1 small can, we get - 6.8 kg or 1 large - 8.7 kg , 2 small - 10.6 kg, 1 large and 1 small - 12.5 kg, 3 small - 14.4 kg, 2 large - 14.4 kg, 1 large and 2 small - 16.3 kg, 2 large and 1 small - 18.2 kg, 1 large and 3 small - 20.1 kg, 3 large - 20.1 kg, 2 large and 2 small - 22.0 kg, 3 large and 1 small - 23.9 kg, 2 large and 3 small - 25.8 kg, 3 large and 2 small - 27.7 kg, 3 large and 3 small - 31.5 kg. The buoyancy is balanced by filling and bleeding air into water from an air tank, i.e. by pumping exhaled air through the mouthpiece (by closing the exhalation valve with a palm, opening the mouthpiece valve with the tube clamp removed) and releasing air from the tank by opening the mouthpiece valve with the outlet tube clamp removed, while the diver exhales through the exhalation valve. In general, ballast equipment is simplified and convenient to operate. On the surface of the water, you can swim and dive without ballast, an air tank, a forced air supply unit, even without a suspension system, by attaching a hose attached to the mask to the body of the unit, the duct pipe, mouthpiece, inspiration and expiration valves.

When changing the location, the diver slowly pulls the float with his hose, being as close as possible to the surface of the water. Having a hermetically sealed opening (for example, in a canister with a wide neck), you can leave a towel, a comb, a watch, money, documents, a player, a mobile phone, a portable radio and radio station (wiring runs around the breathing hose) for the duration of the dive. within reasonable limits. The diver chooses the duration of his stay and work underwater himself, on the basis of well-being, experimentally. If necessary, urgently surfaced - on the left side (see figure 1) from the chest plate are opened the carbines of the shoulder and waist belts and, turning off the electric motor of the air supply unit, all equipment is reset. Later it is pulled by a hose from the float side to the surface of the water.

The proposed equipment allows you to actively relax, survey, have fun at a shallow depth (up to eight meters) of the sea shelf, on rivers, lakes, in ponds, as well as work with bottom soil, flora and fauna, clean the bottom, and perform physical procedures aimed at activation pulmonary activity, including health and rehabilitation procedures at depths of 1-3 meters, for example, in swimming pools, in deep baths. It is possible to work on underwater farms, in water parks, participate in an aqua show, repair and care for modern aquariums, give initial training in diving: adaptation to the aquatic environment, determination of individual ballast by ballasting and balancing buoyancy.

Claims (1)

Shallow-water underwater equipment comprising a forced air supply unit for a breathing hose, a device for preventing this hose from being flooded, inspiratory and expiratory valves located in the form of a tube made with a connecting bend for attaching a mouthpiece, and a mask, characterized in that the forced air unit air supply is located at the bottom of the chest plate of the ballast system, which is equipped with equipment, and is made in the form of a sealed box having a through cylindrical section with a porch attack of the air turbine, and in the second section of this box there is a battery, an electric motor with a mechanical variator of the aforementioned impeller drive and a membrane connected to the variator to change the impeller rotation speed depending on the immersion depth, while the specified cylindrical section is connected at one end with a breathing hose, and another - with a breathing tube in communication with the said body with inspiratory and expiratory valves, the tube of the specified body with valves being 14-17 cm long, and the connecting branch laid at a distance of 3-4 cm from the edge of this tube with the inspiration valve, while the device for preventing the filling of the breathing hose is made with a nozzle having an air intake tube with a cap and a float in the form of a plastic air tank of at least 10 l, made with a sleeve for passage through it the aforementioned intake pipe connected to the breathing hose, and the specified cap is made with a lower wall inclined inside it having round air intake openings with saddles to seal their corresponding upper conical wall of the float, and said ballast system is made with weighting materials for legs and a back plate with shoulder and waist belts with carabiners for fastening to said chest plate, and these chest and back plates have fastening means for ballast weights made in the form of cylinders, or boxes with drainage holes, or metal frames, and the goods themselves are made monolithic or in the form of bags with lead shots or balls, while closing the back plate Lena is an inflatable capacity in the form of a collar, communicated by a tube having a safety clip, with a mouthpiece connected to the mouthpiece, with an air flow shutoff valve, and each leg weighting unit is made in the form of a lead sole, thinning from heel to toe and having a transversely concave lead rack extending from the back of the heel up for the location behind the lower leg of the diver, while the sole and stand are made with soldered shackles for laces and covered with a polymer material.

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