RU2272406C2 - Box - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: containers for various articles.

SUBSTANCE: box is made from foamed plastic and comprises casing and cover. Foamed plastic is foamed polyurethane with surface Shore hardness below 60 conventional units D. Casing and cover are made as individual members connected with one another through glued connection using polyurethane-based adhesive. Ratio of 8≤H/h≤120, where H is height of box, h is thickness of box walls, is true for said box.

EFFECT: increased workability, optimal hardness, density and wear-resistance ratio, and increased strength of surface layer.

12 cl, 6 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of manufacturing light portable devices that can be used for transportation and storage of both food and non-food products at different ambient temperatures, as well as for sitting, for example, on a picnic or fishing.

A well-known multi-purpose suitcase comprising a case with a handle connected to the upper and lower covers, and legs with their attachment points to the case, the legs in the idle position are located under the bottom cover and serve to convert the suitcase into a stool (RF patent No. 2065712, IPC6: A 45 C 9/00, 08/27/1996) - an analogue.

The disadvantages of this solution are the insufficient rigidity of the product, the difficulty of its safe use on an uneven surface due to its instability, as well as the low coefficient of thermal conductivity of its material, which does not allow for a long time to maintain the desired temperature range in it.

A box is known, for example, for a picnic, which is a container and a lid opening on top, the lid made of several parts hinged and the side walls of the container made of elastic material with a water-repellent coating, in which individual inserts of solid material are placed (US patent No. 4143695 , MKI2: A 45 C 11/20, published on 03/13/1979) - prototype.

The disadvantages of this solution are insufficient rigidity and strength of the product, low coefficient of thermal conductivity, which does not allow maintaining the temperature of objects in it, for example, perishable products, practically unchanged for a long time, as well as the inability to use it as a place for sitting, for example on a picnic or fishing.

The task this utility model is aimed at is creating a high-tech, lightweight, easy-to-carry product with high strength, rigidity, wear resistance and low coefficient of thermal conductivity over a wide temperature range.

The problem is solved in that the box consisting of a body and a cover is made of foam, the body and / or the cover are made of separate elements, the individual elements being connected to each other by adhesive connection using glue based on polyurethane with the formation of the body and / or cover and the number of body elements glued to each other forming its outer surface is at least one less than the number of elements in the outer surface of the box.

The box can be made of rigid polyurethane foam with a free foaming density of at least 70 kg / m ³ , for example, Izolan-430 brand.

The box can be made with the following aspect ratio: 8≤H / h≤120, where H is the height of the box, h is the thickness of its walls.

The box may be made with a removable lid, or its lid may be provided with at least one element for attaching it to the housing.

In the box, the elements of the housing and / or the cover to be glued can be made with mating elements, for example, a pin and a groove.

A box, the individual elements of the housing of which can be glued with glue selected from the condition of adhesion to the material of the outer surface of the elements of the housing.

A box in which at least one of the elements of the housing can be arranged to accommodate at least one dividing wall therein. The partition can be made either removable or with the possibility of attachment to the elements of the box.

At least one additional cavity may be provided in the bottom of the housing and / or in the lid.

The claimed product is a box in which the body and / or cover are made of individual elements, which is justified by the following:

- the assembly of prefabricated body elements and / or the box lid is carried out using an adhesive connection based on polyurethane, which allows not only to connect the box elements, but also to seal these compounds, and this in turn leads to an improvement in the strength properties of the box, such as resistance to the influence of atmospheric factors, low permeability, etc .;

- adhesive joints act as additional stiffening ribs of the box;

- indicators of strength and durability of a product made of individual elements are not inferior to indicators for solid products;

- this embodiment of the box ensures its high manufacturability, as the molds for the manufacture of individual elements are simpler to manufacture, which makes it possible to arrange their production on a continuous basis, cheaper than molds for the manufacture of solid structures, and are subject to quick replacement, in addition, made in violation of the requirements, individual elements are easier and cheaper to replace than a complex one-piece product.

As you know, foams are called foamed plastics (plastics are substances whose composition, in addition to polymers, includes fillers, plasticizers and dyes), in which most of the cells are isolated from one another.

Depending on the formulation and the technological process for producing foams, they are rigid, semi-rigid and elastic. Foams, especially semi-rigid and rigid, have good thermal insulation properties (thermal conductivity from 0.019 to 0.035 W / (m × ° C), and dimensional stability at temperatures from about minus 60 ° C to plus 70 ° C in 20 hours no more than 1% ), moisture-proofing properties (water absorption, for example, of polyurethane foam does not exceed 1-8% by volume in 24 hours and depends on the characteristics of the formulation used), and products made from them have a fairly high strength (compressive strength from 0.15 to 0, 98 MPa).

Many properties of foams are explained by the peculiarity of their structural structure, namely the use of two phases (solid and gaseous) in their manufacture, which gives them high specific strength and high heat-insulating properties. Other characteristics - mechanical strength, heat resistance, wettability with water, etc. - depend on the physicochemical properties of the starting components.

For the manufacture of the box it is possible to use various foams, such as, for example, polyurethanes, polyurethanes (PPU-3, PPU-306, Izolan 430, Izolan 210, etc.), polystyrene foam (PS-1, PSB, PSV -N-20, etc.), phenolic foams (Vilares, FRP-1, etc.), polyepoxides (PE-2, PE-7, etc.) and others.

However, one of the most widely used foams in the industry is polyurethanes, the strength and hardness of which by varying prescription factors can be changed over a wide range.

Polyurethane foams are used to make polyurethane foams, which can also be rigid, semi-rigid and elastic, depending on the choice of components for their manufacture.

For example, if linear and slightly branched polyesters are used, then polyurethane foams will be elastic, and if heavily branched polyesters, then additional cross-links typical for rigid polyurethane foams are formed as a result of the reaction.

For the manufacture of the inventive box with the achievement of the claimed technical result, as already indicated, various foams (for example, polyurethane foams) can be used, which is possible by changing the ratio of the wall thickness of the box body and its geometric dimensions, for example, height.

The experiments showed that obtaining the optimal ratios of strength, stiffness, wear resistance and manufacturability is possible with the following ratio of box sizes: 8≤H / h≤120, where H is the height of the box, h is the wall thickness of the side of its case. If the wall thickness of the side of the box is different, then its average value is included in the formula.

If this H / h ratio is more than 120, then either the strength characteristics of the box will be unsatisfactory, or to ensure high strength characteristics with a small wall thickness, the box should be made of expensive hard material, which will lead to the fact that the production of such boxes will cease to be technological. if this ratio is less than 8, then such a box with small sizes will have walls of rather large thickness, which will also lead to a deterioration in the manufacturability of production.

In addition, experiments and calculations carried out by the applicant also showed that the optimal ratio of strength, stiffness and manufacturability of the box is achieved in the case of manufacturing a box of polyurethane foam with a free foaming density of at least 70 kg / m ³ , or using foam with a surface hardness of not more than 60 conventional units Shore D.

As you know, the connection of the elements of foam parts with one another or with structural elements can be performed mechanically (bolts, screws, rivets, etc.) or by gluing.

The mechanical connection method is laborious and not sufficiently reliable. When using it, it is necessary to appropriately strengthen the attachment point with the help of bosses, washers or gaskets. In this regard, bonding is the most reliable way of joining foam parts.

The process of gluing with any kind of glue includes a number of necessary operations: preparing the surface, for example, cleaning it, carefully fitting the surfaces to be glued, for example, using mating elements, applying glue, open exposure to the joining of parts or closed exposure in assembled condition under some pressure, etc. ., moreover, for each type of glue this technology should be specified accordingly.

The quality of gluing can be greatly influenced by the design of clamping devices (accessories), which should ensure good contact of the surfaces to be glued, without exerting excessive pressure on the foam, however, this pressure should ensure the removal of all air bubbles from the adhesive joint and compensate for shrinkage.

When choosing an adhesive for bonding such foams as, for example, polyurethane foams, it is also necessary to take into account that, due to various combinations of polyesters and di- or polyisocyanates during their synthesis, they behave differently during bonding.

To obtain the optimum result when gluing the foam, polyurethane adhesives are used that have the property of adhesion to the material of the outer surface of the body. Depending on the material of the box it can be: ADV-11-2, ADV-15M, ADV-36, Terostat 8590, Terostat 859, ICEMA R 145/31, Macroplast and other brands of polyurethane adhesives, but can also use other types adhesives such as rubber, epoxy, etc.

The choice of glue depends on the requirements for the glue connection and gluing conditions, however, as shown by experiments conducted by the applicant, the products made have the highest strength characteristics and good resistance to atmospheric influences (for example, ensuring a low coefficient of thermal conductivity in a wide temperature range, etc.) foam, the individual elements of which are glued using polyurethane adhesives, which not only glue the surface, but also carries out the sealing of the joints.

Figure 1 shows a General view of the box, in which the housing, consisting of a side surface and the bottom, and the lid are made up of separate elements (gluing points are shown in bold lines), Figure 2 is a general view of the box with the lid closed, in Figure 3 shows individual elements of the box to be glued with mating elements, FIG. 4 is a section AA of the bottom of the box body in FIG. 1, FIG. 5 is a general view of the box in which the body is made as one element and the lid is made of several 6, interconnected, FIG. 6 is a general view of a box in which the housing is made in de several separate interconnected elements, and the cap as a single element.

The box contains a housing 1 and a cover 2, and the housing 1 and the cover 2 can be structurally designed in different ways.

And the housing 1 and the lid 2 can be made of separate elements, as shown in figure 1, and the elements that make up the housing are interconnected, and the elements that make up the lid are interconnected.

Another embodiment of the box is the execution of the housing 1 in the form of a single element, and the cover 2 in the form of several interconnected elements (Fig.6).

It is also possible embodiment of the box, in which the lid 2 is made in the form of a single element, and the housing 1 in the form of several interconnected elements.

The housing 1 and cover 2 in any of the options are made of rigid foam, for example, grades "Izolan 430", or "Izolan 205", or "Izolan 210", etc., in which the apparent density of free foaming is not less than 70 kg / m ³ .

If the lid 2 and the housing 1 are made of separate interconnected elements, the elements 3-9 forming the housing 1 and the elements 10 and 11 forming the lid 2 of the box are connected to form the housing 1 and the lid 2 by gluing using adhesive based on polyurethane .

On the cover 2 can be made two fastening elements 12 and 13 of it to the housing 1, for example in the form of loops.

The housing 1, as well as the cover 2, in the case of manufacture of several elements, for ease of bonding can be provided with mating elements in the mating parts, for example, pin 14 and hole 15.

In the bottom of the housing 1, a groove 16 can be made in which a dividing wall (not shown) can be installed. In the case of the groove 16 in the bottom of the housing, two or more separate, isolated from each other cavities are formed in the box. Moreover, it is possible to perform partitions (not shown) both removable and connected to the walls of the box body, which gives the box multifunctionality properties. On the side surface of the housing, according to any of the variants of its execution, elements 17 and 18 can be made for fastening the belt, which serves for convenient transportation (not shown). Elements 17 and 18 can either be molded integrally with the case, if it is made of one element, or with the elements of the case of the box, if it is made of several interconnected elements, or attached to the box, for example, using fasteners , glue, etc.

Cavities 19 and 20 can be made in the bottom of the housing made of one or more elements and / or a cover made of one or more elements and without being placed in the drawer of the partition 16, and the cavities 19 and 20 can serve, for example, to accommodate or fixing various objects (in the case of cavities of the required shape) and, in this case, the box can be used as a container for transporting various heterogeneous objects, in addition, the cavities can be filled with heat-insulating material, with different heat iruyuschimi properties as to coincide with the properties of the basic material and differ from them. The box may be provided with a lock 21.

The box is made as follows.

In the event that both the housing 1 and the cover 2 are made of separate elements.

The box contains a housing 1 and a cover 2, and the housing 1 and the cover 2 are made of separate elements. Elements 3-9, forming the housing 1 and elements 10 and 11, forming the lid 2 of the box, are connected to each other, with the formation of the housing 1 and the lid 2, adhesive bonding using glue based on polyurethane.

The finished elements 3-9, forming the housing 1, and the elements 10 and 11, forming the lid 2 of the box, are coated with the selected adhesive and connected to each other: separately elements 3-9 and separately elements 10-11, taking into account the relative position of the response elements (if they there is), and depending on the type of glue, they are either immediately connected and pressed together using clamping devices, which should ensure good contact of the glued surfaces without destroying them, or they are kept with the adhesive applied to them and then the wasp estvlyayut clamp elements glued to each other. The drying of the box, depending on the type of glue used and the number of box elements to be glued, can be done either after each adhesive joint is made, or after all the individual elements of the housing 1 or lid 2 are joined (for example, in the case of a small number of joint elements).

If the connection of the lid 2 of the box with the housing 1 is provided, it can be carried out using fasteners, for example, hinges 12 and 13 and screws, however, the box can be made with a removable lid 2 in this case, its connection with the housing 1 is not required.

If the housing 1 is made of one element, and the cover 2 of several interconnected elements.

As shown earlier, in the manufacture of the box can be used in various forms to produce foamed plastic masses, allowing you to get the case including in the form of a single element.

The elements 10 and 11, forming the cover 2, are coated with the selected adhesive and connected to each other, taking into account the relative position of the mating elements (if any), depending on the type of glue, they are either immediately connected and pressed together using clamping devices, which must ensure good contact of the glued surfaces without destroying them, or they are kept with the adhesive applied to them before connecting the elements and then the glued elements are pressed together.

The drying of the lid 2 of the box, depending on the type of glue used and the number of bonded elements of the lid 2, can be done either after each adhesive bonding or after connecting all the individual elements of the lid 2 (for example, in the case of a small number of connecting elements).

After that, if the connection of the lid 2 of the box with the case 1 is provided, it can be carried out using fasteners, for example, hinges 12 and 13 and screws, however, the box can be made with a removable lid 2 in this case, its connection with the case 1 is not required.

The housing can be made with the possibility of placing in it at least one dividing partition 16. The partition can be made either removable or with the possibility of fastening to the housing.

At least one additional cavity 20 can be made in the bottom of the housing, and at least one additional cavity 19 in the lid 2.

If the cover 2 is made of one element, and the housing 1 of several interconnected elements.

As shown earlier, in the manufacture of the box, various shapes can be used to produce foamed plastic masses, including those that make it possible to obtain a body in the form of several elements, which are subsequently to be connected.

Elements 3-9, forming the housing 1, are coated with the selected adhesive and connected to each other, taking into account the relative position of the mating elements (if any), depending on the type of glue, they are either immediately connected and pressed together using clamping devices, which must ensure good contact of the glued surfaces without destroying them, or they are kept with the adhesive applied to them before connecting the elements and then the glued elements are pressed together.

The drying of the box body 1, depending on the type of glue used and the number of elements to be bonded to the body 1, can be done either after each adhesive joint is made, or after all the individual elements of the body 1 are joined (for example, in the case of a small number of joint elements).

After that, if the connection of the lid 2 of the box with the case 1 is provided, it can be carried out using fasteners, for example, hinges 12 and 13 and screws, however, the box can be made with a removable lid 2 in this case, its connection with the case 1 is not required.

The housing can be made with the possibility of placing in it at least one dividing partition 16. The partition can be made either removable or with the possibility of fastening to the housing.

At least one additional cavity 20 can be made in the bottom of the housing 1, and at least one additional cavity 19 in the lid 2.

Example 1

A box is made of polystyrene of the Izolan 430 brand, which has a density of 250 kg / m ³ , with a lid attached to the body and a strap for carrying it.

The elements of the body and cover are connected using ADV-36 polyurethane adhesive. After mixing the components of the adhesive, it passes into a thixotropic state, which provides good adhesion of the adhesive to the surface of the box elements and makes it possible to manipulate it in various planes, the curing time of the adhesive to the technological strength of 2-4 minutes at a temperature of 20 ° C. The surfaces of the elements that are joined to each other are smeared, the mating elements are connected to each other and the elements of the case and separately the elements of the lid of the box are pressed and connected together. The glued elements are dried and the box lid is connected to the case with hinges and screws, and then a carrying strap is attached to the side walls of the case. The box is ready to use.

A box made of Izolan 430 foam is a technological product with high strength characteristics: breaking stress at bending of about 1.5 MPa and a box surface hardness of 40 conv. units according to Shore D, high thermal conductivity - 0.023 W / (m × ° C), and at the same time, it is light and convenient to transport.

Claims (12)

1. A foam box containing a body and a cover, characterized in that polyurethane foam with a surface hardness of not more than 60 Shore D units is used as the foam, the body and the cover being made of separate elements that are connected to each other by an adhesive joint using adhesive based on polyurethane, and for the box the ratio is 8≤H / h≤120, where N is the height of the box, h is the wall thickness of the box. 2. The box according to claim 1, characterized in that the lid is provided with at least one element for attaching it to the housing. 3. The box according to claim 1, characterized in that the lid is removable. 4. The box according to claim 1, characterized in that it is made of rigid polyurethane foam with a free foaming density of at least 70 kg / m ³ . 5. The box according to claim 1, characterized in that "Izolan-430" is used as the foam. 6. The box according to claim 1, characterized in that the glued elements of the housing and / or cover are made with mating elements. 7. The box according to claim 6, characterized in that, for example, a pin and a groove are used as response elements. 8. The box according to claim 1, characterized in that the adhesive is selected from the condition of adhesion to the material of the outer surface of the housing elements. 9. The box according to claim 1, characterized in that at least one of the elements of the housing is configured to accommodate at least one dividing wall. 10. The box according to claim 9, characterized in that the dividing wall is removable. 11. The box according to claim 9, characterized in that the dividing wall is attached to the elements of the box. 12. The box according to claim 1, characterized in that at least one cavity is made in the bottom of the housing and / or in the lid.

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