RU2271097C2 - Method for directed transfer of atmospheric moisture for increasing precipitation in predetermined region - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: applied meteorology, in particular, solution of problems connected with correction of weather conditions, more particular, increasing precipitation in predetermined regions.

SUBSTANCE: method involves altering direction of natural transfer of air masses by initiating atmospheric stream flow passing in the vicinity but slightly to the left side of predetermined region through ionization of air space by means of generators for generating like charges, said generators being located within territory of region under consideration; initiating stream flow with right side curvature of flow direction in order to localize area of precipitation. Conditions are created in formed curvature portion for initiation and development of strong cyclone having extended wave front oriented along direction of stream flow. This causes transition of precipitations from peripheral regions to center of cyclone to provide for intensive development and prolonged existence thereof.

EFFECT: increased efficiency in transfer of moisture to greater distances by air to regions suffering from acute and stable water deficiency.

5 dwg

Description

The invention relates to practical meteorology and can be used to solve problems associated with the correction of weather conditions in order to arrange arid phenomena, prevent fires in forests and peat bogs, as well as to cause heavy rainfall to extinguish fires.

It can be used as an effective means of replenishing water reserves in shallow reservoirs.

Of particular interest and importance is the possibility of using the invention in order to transport moisture from the waters of the seas and oceans by air over long distances to continental, traditionally arid and desert regions.

Atmospheric air is saturated with moisture mainly as a result of evaporation of water from the surface of the seas and oceans. Due to the presence of atmospheric circulation, moist air moves deep into the continents, contributing to the development of clouds above them and precipitation.

The amount of precipitation over a specific territory depends on the frequency of occurrence and the intensity of moist air currents passing over it.

The most important element of atmospheric circulation is the jet stream, which is a high-speed high-speed air stream with a powerful weather-forming property. One of its features is the stimulation of cyclopean activity.

In turn, cyclones are also important elements of atmospheric circulation, since they are mobile and have a huge water reserve, which transport along the trajectories of their movement.

Cyclones, as a rule, are formed over the seas and oceans, but under certain conditions they can also arise over land.

There are ways to artificially create cyclones both over land and over the sea. For example, a method for activating cyclogenesis, i.e. the process of nucleation and development of cyclones by initiating a jet flow by atmospheric air ionization (Patent RF dated 05.17.93 No. 2105463, class A 01 G 15/00).

This method involves the passage of an artificially created jet stream near a given area, so that it is to the left of its axis in the direction of flow. In this case, the property of the jet stream is used to create conditions for cyclogenesis precisely on the left side of its axis [1].

A significant disadvantage of this method is that the jet stream has a large spatial extent, therefore, cyclogenesis occurs in a large area located along the jet, where several cyclones randomly arise and do not synchronously evolve, which makes it difficult to correct weather conditions in a particular area without causing damage to neighboring ones.

The present method differs from that discussed above in that they initiate a jet flow with a bend around a predetermined region lying beneath it, so that the latter remains on the left side downstream [Fig. 1].

In the presence of a bend of the axis of the jet stream in its cavity, the process of cyclogenesis manifests itself most actively, which is expressed in the nucleation and subsequent development of a powerful cyclone in this place [2].

It is known from meteorology that the axes of naturally occurring jet flows during evolution can change directions and form bends [3]. Such bends can be formed during the passage of a jet current near mountain ranges and high hills, as well as above the interface between land and sea.

They can also be formed during the interaction or merger of two adjacent jet streams, one of which can be artificially created.

A bent stream can be artificially created using the oraphographic features of the terrain on which atmospheric air is ionized.

A jet stream with a bend over a given area can also be created using a system consisting of several installations generating ions into the atmosphere, not lying on one straight line and separated from each other by a distance of several tens of kilometers, depending on the required value of the bending radius [Fig. .2].

The position of the jet flow using multiple ionization sources is controlled by the method described in the above patent.

In the course of experimental studies on the initiation of artificial jet flows conducted in 2000-2003. in Russia (Moscow), on the island of Cyprus and on the Korean Peninsula, evidence has been obtained indicating that they, as well as natural jet flows, are characterized by the formation of powerful cyclones in the bend cavity.

Figure 3 (a, b and c) presents sinoitic maps with the image of cyclones formed in the bends of jet flows during the experimental work.

It was noted that under the influence of prolonged ionization of atmospheric air, for example for 3-7 days, the development of frontal systems is observed, the formation of cyclones with a characteristic feature, which consists in the intensive development of at least one of the fronts, which acquires a wave character and a large spatial extent, sometimes reaching more than ten thousand kilometers in length, while being located in parallel air flows oriented along the jet stream.

Figure 4 (a, b, c and d) presents satellite images with the image of powerful cyclones with developed wave fronts of great length.

It is known that wavefront waves contribute to the formation of one or more secondary cyclones [4, 5].

The obtained experimental material confirms that several such cyclones can form on an extended wave front. Moreover, it was found that they quickly move along the front to the center of the main cyclone.

Features of the development of a powerful cyclone and its frontal system in the bending cavity of the jet stream are the basis for the method of directed transfer of atmospheric moisture in order to increase precipitation in a given area, which is as follows.

By the method of ionization of atmospheric air, a jet stream is initiated with a bend around a predetermined region lying beneath it, bending it to the right along the stream. This can be achieved, for example, by using several points of ionization of air located at a distance of several tens of kilometers from each other and not lying on one straight line.

As a jet stream develops after 12-36 hours in the bend cavity at a height level corresponding to a pressure of 500 ± 150 mbar, a cyclone forms.

Along with the development of the cyclone, its frontal system is intensively developing, and at least one of its fronts begins to increase in length and lays in parallel flows oriented in the direction of the jet flow.

This front acquires a wave character and secondary cyclones are formed on its waves, rapidly moving in the direction of parallel air flows to the center of the main cyclone [Figure 5].

Thus, by means of the formed wave front, the vaporized and cloudy-condensed moisture is transported to a given area from areas spaced thousands of kilometers from it.

In this case, the main cyclone, intensively fed by moisture, develops into a powerful one, which is accompanied by heavy rainfall in the territory over which it is located. Regular replenishment of the cyclone with moisture extends its life by at least two times, compared with a regular cyclone.

However, the formed cyclone cannot be held in one place, since it naturally moves in the direction of the general transport of air masses. It should be noted that the speed of this movement is much less than the speed of movement of secondary cyclones to its center.

As the cyclone departs from a given region, air ionization is stopped, which leads to dissipation of the cyclone's frontal system. As the wave front collapses, the secondary cyclones under its influence become free and weaken, and their further evolution and movement occur in a manner natural for local climatic conditions.

Having lost the recharge of moisture, the main cyclone occludes, losing its power.

If it is necessary to continue the precipitation, the ionization cycle (active effect) is repeated with an interval of 2-7 days, necessary to restore the synoptic situation disturbed by the active effect.

Analogues to the above method of transporting moisture through the air over great distances in the literature have not been identified. The method can be of great practical importance, since its implementation does not require huge financial costs, comparable to the costs of laying irrigation canals, drilling deep wells, desalinating sea water and transporting it in tankers.

It can be of particular practical and economic importance in solving the problems of moistening the traditionally arid and desert regions of the planet.

Information sources

1. Ril G., Alaka M.A., Dzhorzhan K.L. "Jet currents." - M. ed. Foreign Literature, 1953

2. Baruch Ziv, Nathan Paldor "The Divergence Fields Associated with Time-Dependent Jet Streams' Amer. Meteorological Society, 1999 (1843-1851).

3. V.I. Vorobyov. "Jet currents in high and moderate latitudes." - Leningrad. Hydrometeorological publishing house, 1960.

4.M.G. Prikhodko, B.C. Smirnov, Yu.Z. Eidelman. "General and synoptic meteorology." M. Publisher M.O. USSR 1970 (p. 299).

5. S.P. Khromov and L.I. Mamontova. Meteorological Dictionary. Leningrad, 1974 (p. 413. Series of cyclones).

Claims (1)

A method of directed atmospheric moisture transfer in order to increase precipitation in a given area, including changing the direction of natural transport of air masses by initiating an atmospheric jet flow, ionizing the adjacent airspace, characterized in that the jet flow is initiated with a bend around a predetermined region lying beneath it, bending it to the right along the flow, creating a condition for the nucleation and development of the cyclone in the cavity of the bend and holding it for the time necessary for the development I of a powerful cyclone and for the formation of a frontal system associated with it, in which at least one of the fronts is in parallel air flows oriented along the direction of the jet flow, forming an extended spatial structure of a wave character for nucleation of secondary cyclones moving along its waves front to the center of the main cyclone, fueling it with moisture and energy.

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