RU2270932C2 - Energy-generating turbine - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: power engineering.

SUBSTANCE: turbine is designed to convert energy of water or air streams inflowing from side. Proposed turbine has shaft hinge-mounted in post around which blades are installed for turning in radial directions between supports rigidly and normally connected to shaft. Turning of blades is limited by stops. Blades are made flat, with rounded off long edges, and are arranged around shaft minimum in two directions with spaces between edges. Turning of blades is limited by two stops, and tire in turbine, thus formed, repeats in length of shaft with uniform angular turn. Supports can be made in form of radial cantilevers with aerodynamic profiling of cross section. Stops are made retractable into support body if pressure force of blade exceeds calibrated force of spring holding the stop in working position.

EFFECT: increased efficiency of using energy of fluid medium flow, simplified design.

3 cl, 6 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of devices for generating energy flows of water or wind.

Widely used hydraulic turbines are known (Mechanical Engineering Manual edited by E.A. Chudakov, vol. 1, Moscow, 1951, p. 857), in which an incident water flow is directed along the axis of the shaft. Their main disadvantage is the need for high water pressure and, as a consequence, the construction of flesh, while the flow rate of the river is most often used once.

A water wheel, otherwise a mill wheel, is known (V. Danilevsky, “The History of Hydro Power Plants in Russia until the 19th Century”, Lenizdat, 1940), in which the flow of water under pressure is directed across the shaft and applied to the blades rigidly connected to it, located around the shaft in radial directions in one circular row.

In addition to the above disadvantages, the water wheel is ineffective because it uses only the frontal pressure of the flow on the blades, which also partially shield each other from the flow.

The wind engines used in small energy are known (A.F. Lukyanov et al., "Wind Energy of Russia", MPEI, 1996, p.21) with the axial direction of the flow running on screw blades mounted on a horizontal shaft. Their disadvantages include low efficiency in the use of wind energy, which leads to the huge dimensions of wind turbines to obtain a significant amount of energy for practice. In addition, they require positioning relative to the wind, placing the generator on the moving shaft of the installation.

A well-known wind engine (A.F. Lukyanov et al., "Wind Energy of Russia", 1996, p.23), working with the lateral direction of the wind, incident on the blades placed around the vertical shaft in radial directions parallel to it with long sides, while the cross section the blades are shaped like an airplane wing. Torque on the shaft is created due to the gradient of aerodynamic forces when the blades move in the wind and against it, which causes a large moment and, therefore, insufficiently efficient use of wind energy, which is associated with the huge size of the engine. For example, with an estimated engine power of 1 megawatt, the blade width is 3.3 m, length 27 m, engine diameter 27 m, as a result of which the engine does not find wide application.

The objective of the invention is: when used in the hydraulic version, increasing the efficiency of using the kinetic energy of the flow rate of river water without the use of dams, as well as the energy of tides, tides, etc. while simplifying the device and operation, when using the invention in the wind version, increasing efficiency and simplifying the device and operation.

The invention is a turbine for generating energy in the lateral direction of an incoming flow of water or wind, while the following essential features of the prototypes are used:

- a shaft placed in the hinges of the rack;

- blades fixed in bearings around the shaft in radial directions;

- blade supports rigidly connected to the shaft.

Distinctive features of the invention are:

- fastening the blades to the supports by means of hinges relative to one of the edges with the possibility of rotation;

- restriction of rotation of the blades by the clamps of their radial position, mounted on the same supports on both sides of the hinges;

- placement of the blades in rows in at least two radial directions, which forms the tier of the turbine;

- placement of tiers along the length of the shaft with a uniform angular turn;

- the implementation of the gaps between the rounded edges of the blades with the radial position of their planes.

Using the invention allows to obtain the following positive technical results:

for hydraulic turbines:

- the abolition of dams and the possibility of reusing the energy of the flow rate of naturally flowing water of small rivers and large valleys by placing cascades of turbines in a vertical or horizontal position along their channels;

- the ability to generate energy of tidal currents and breaking waves;

- ease of manufacture and operation;

- conservation of ecology and the environment;

for wind turbines:

- improving the efficiency of using wind energy and reducing the size of wind turbines of the same power;

- ease of manufacture and operation;

- simplification of regulation of electric current parameters;

- the possibility of using scavengers, i.e. sockets, sequentially narrowing the cross section and increasing the flow rate before entering the turbine.

In figures 1-6 depicted:

Figure 1 is a side view of the tier of the turbine in the direction of the flow.

Figure 2 is a horizontal section of figure 1. Arrow "a" indicates the direction of flow.

Figure 3 is a top view of a 4-tier turbine, retainers 5 are not shown conditionally. Arrow "a" indicates the direction of flow.

Figure 4 is a diagram of the successive positions of the blades at one revolution of the radial cantilever beam, equipped with stops 6, limiting the throwing of the blades at an angle of 90 °.

Arrows indicate directions:

"a" - free flow,

"b" - rotation of the turbine,

"c" - throwing the blades.

5 is a fragment of a turbine with mounting blades in hinges, the axis of which is parallel to the axes of the cantilever beams.

6 is a cross section of the profiled cantilever beams and the blade between them. Arrow "a" indicates the direction of flow.

The proposed turbine for generating energy of a flow of water or air flowing across the shaft includes a shaft 1 (Fig. 1, Fig. 2), around which there are blades 2 mounted in supports rigidly connected to the shaft, while the blades are predominantly flat rectangular in rows with the gaps between their long edges on the cantilever beams 3 in at least two radial symmetrical directions and are strengthened by hinges 4 relative to one of the long edges normal to the axis of the beam with the possibility of rotation limited about the clamps 5 of the radial position of the blades mounted on the same beams on both sides of the hinges. The turbine blade tier thus created is repeated along the shaft length the calculated number of times with a uniform angular turn of the radial rows (Figure 3).

In order to increase the power of the turbine due to the creation of additional impulses of the moment when the blades move on a part of the path against the incoming flow, the angle of the blades is limited by an angle less than 180 ° by means of stops 6 (Figure 4), rigidly connected with radial consoles.

To reduce the height of the turbine of a given power, the axis of the hinges of the blades are parallel to the axes of the cantilever beams (Figure 5).

To increase the speed of the incident flow directly in front of the blades, the cross section of the beams (Fig.6) in the direction of flow is aerodynamically profiled mainly in the form of lentils.

In order to reduce aerodynamic losses, the disks, between which the blades are placed, serve as supports.

To regulate the parameters of the turbine when changing the flow rate or load on the shaft, some of the clamps are made removable from the blades when its pressure force is exerted by the calibrated resistance force of the spring holding the clamp in the working position.

In order to increase the effect of the circulation of the flow velocity, the blade is a longitudinal section of the cylinder with a back height of no more than 1/5 of the chord length, while the flat surface with the radial position of the blade is directed against the flow.

The operation of the proposed turbine is carried out as follows: the flow of water or air running across the shaft 1 (Fig. 1, Fig. 2) sets the blades 2, mounted on cantilever beams 3 through hinges 4 in two positions: radial with an emphasis on the retainers 5 and in the flow plane as a result of which the hydrodynamic forces, specifically the lifting force and frontal pressure applied to the planes of the blades located in the radial position, are many times greater than the frontal pressure forces on the cross-sectional area of the blades located in the plane n outflow, as a result, a torque is created on the shaft, causing it to rotate in the direction of action of large forces, while the radial position of the blades is maintained as long as their direction of motion coincides with the direction of flow, i.e. during rotation of the shaft at an angle π, after which the movement of the blades is directed against the flow, and they are thrown at an angle π, around the hinges, are installed in the plane of the flow and remain in this position until they meet with the clamps of the radial position of the blades, i.e. during movement along the angle π, after which the process repeats. The placement of the blades in tiers in radial directions should exclude or minimize screening of the flow of the previous, in movement, of the subsequent blades.

The uniformity of the moment on the shaft is achieved by placing along the length of the scapular tiers with a uniform angular turn in one direction. The gaps between the rounded edges of the blades 2 in their radial position provide the effect of speed circulation around the blades, which significantly increases their lifting force.

For each rotation of the shaft, each blade 2 is in the radial position for an angle π and is subjected to two pulses: lifting force and frontal pressure, the value of which is determined by the areas of sinusoids built in force-time coordinates. The value of these pulses is determined by the difference between the velocity vector of the incoming flow and the projection of the vector of the peripheral speed of the blade 2 on it, which means that as the blade 2 moves away from the shaft axis, its pulses decrease while the shoulder creating a moment on the shaft increases, and when the speed exceeds the blade of the flow velocity, it moves away from the latch and does not participate in the creation of the moment, which gives the turbine the property of self-regulation in a certain range of changes in the load on the shaft and the speed of flowing sweat ok.

The invention can be used in the design of hydraulic and wind turbines to generate kinetic energy of water or air flows.

The manufacture of turbines does not cause problems, while low-alloy steels are used that are reliably protected from corrosion, the blades and hinges are made of stainless alloys or plastics.

Claims (3)

1. A turbine for generating energy of a side-stream flow of water or air, including a shaft pivotally mounted in a rack, around which in the radial directions between the supports rigidly and normally attached to the shaft there are blades with the possibility of rotation limited by clamps, characterized in that the blades made flat with rounded long edges and placed around the shaft in at least two directions with gaps at the edges, while the rotation of the blade is limited by two latches, and the image formed in this way Ohm, the tier of the turbine is repeated along the length of the shaft with a uniform angular turn. 2. The turbine according to claim 1, characterized in that the supports are made in the form of radial consoles with aerodynamic profiling of the cross section. 3. The turbine according to claim 1, characterized in that the latches are made retractable into the body of the support when the pressure force of the blade exceeds the calibrated spring force that holds the retainer in position.

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