RU2270412C1 - One-time bomb cluster - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: armament, in particular, aviation cluster-container systems designed for damage of area targets, for example airfield runways from low and permissible low altitudes.

SUBSTANCE: the one-time bomb cluster has a body, framework in the form of front, rear and supporting flanges fastened on the central perforated tube, gas generator, war components with a device for their scattering positioned around the central perforated tube and tightened by clamps, the supporting flange is positioned between the front and rear flanges and made with shaped seats on the outer surface, and the device for scattering of the war components is made in the form of thin-walled metal cylinders with grooves for placement of the war components in them perforated in the longitudinal direction, the war components are installed in meeting echelons with a support of the warheads on the shaped seats of the supporting flange, and clamped by means of bushes between the front and rear flanges of the body.

EFFECT: expanded range of war components used for arming of the cluster, enhanced specific efficiency, safety and reliability of the cluster, provided optimal zone of scattering of the war components.

4 cl, 3 dwg

Description

The present invention relates to the field of armament, namely to aviation cluster-container systems designed to destroy from small and extremely low altitudes areal targets, such as runways of airfields.

As is known from the patent and technical literature, the effectiveness of the destruction of area targets largely depends on the area of the dispersion zone of the ammunition and on the specific efficiency of both the cluster-container system and the ammunition (warhead) itself.

A known embodiment of the cartridge warhead, comprising a housing, frame, combat elements and a device for their dispersion, made in the form of a central explosive charge placed in a cylindrical shell, with each combat element (group of elements) connected by a flexible connection with a fragment of the housing of a given crushing (patent US No. 3954060 dated 05/04/76).

The above technical solution has several significant disadvantages:

1. As a rule, the duration of the impact of detonating explosive charge detonation products on warheads is several microseconds, while warheads, based on the necessary speed of their dispersion, receive acceleration in the plane perpendicular to their longitudinal axis, of the order of 300,000 ... 500,000 m / s ² .

The impact on the combat element of these overloads leads, based on ensuring safety at the time of release, to a sharp increase in its overall mass characteristics, which, ultimately, leads to a decrease in the specific effectiveness of the combat element and its delivery vehicle.

2. It does not allow, without further complicating the design of the cartridge, to be used to equip combat elements with a pyrotechnic fuse launch, possessing, as a rule, high specific characteristics.

3. The possibility of self-detonation of the explosive charge of the combat element at the time of ejection from the cartridge is not ruled out.

A known design of the cartridge warhead containing the hull, frame, combat elements and a device for their dispersion, made in the form of pushers placed in a central perforated tube of the frame (US patent No. 3295444 from 01/17/67).

The disadvantages of this design of the cassette warhead include:

- the need to perform pushers according to the number of combat elements used to equip the cartridge, which greatly complicates the design of the cartridge and increases its overall mass characteristics;

- in the case of a radial ejection of combat elements placed in the cartridge parallel to its longitudinal axis, an almost point load is applied to the combat element at the time of its ejection, which leads to the need to strengthen its body and components, and therefore, to reduce the specific effectiveness of the combat element and cassettes;

- a relatively small stroke of the pusher (equal to the thickness of the central pipe) does not allow for the ejection rate of the combat element sufficient to form the optimal dispersion zone, which, ultimately, reduces the effectiveness of the system.

A known embodiment of the ejection system of the combat element from the container, which is a coaxially located, expanding under the influence of the pressure of the powder gases shell, forming the internal and peripheral cavities, in each of which a gas generator is placed (German patent No. 3026159 from 07.10.80).

The technical solution given, although it allows to increase the piston stroke and, consequently, to increase the ejection speed of the combat element, has a number of significant disadvantages:

- there are no technical solutions for varying the time of the effect of efforts on the combat elements at the time of their ejection from the cartridge, which does not allow to expand the range of the ejection speed, and therefore, to ensure the optimal dispersion zone of the combat elements

- low specific efficiency of the container (cartridge) due to the need to place external cavities, the number of which is equal to the number of combat elements;

- low reliability indicators of the device for ejection of combat elements (it is possible to compress the combat element with a shell restricting the external cavity, with its subsequent destruction and bleeding of gases);

- the complexity of the design (it is necessary to have a central gas generator and gas generators located in the outer cavity of the shell);

- it is practically impossible to ensure the tightness of such a shell from the ends, especially at the time of its expansion, which can lead to a breakthrough of gases into the cavity of combat elements, and therefore, the reliability of the container’s action will sharply decrease, and the dispersion zone of combat elements will decrease.

A known embodiment of a cartridge warhead containing a housing, combat elements arranged in several rows, an ejection mechanism for combat elements with an expelling charge, made in the form of an inflatable balloon located along the central axis and mechanically connected to a container that is connected via an inlet valve to the expelling charge (Germany’s patent No. 2920347 dated 05/19/79, US patent No. 3865034 dated 02/11/75).

The technical solution provided provides a “soft” ejection of combat elements from the cartridge (overloads exceed 100 ... 200 units), which allows to increase the specific characteristics of the combat element and cartridge.

The disadvantages of this design of the cluster warhead should include:

- relatively low indicators of reliability of action (there may be cases of destruction of the cylinder in the gaps between the combat elements due to the uneven distribution of external pressure around the perimeter of the cylinder);

- low coefficient of efficiency of the expelling charge due to the lack of guides during the ejection of combat elements;

- significant design complexity (stringent requirements for sealing the cylinder at the time of its expansion, for regulating the process of filling the cylinder with gas, it is necessary to have additional capacity, inlet valves, etc.);

- in the case of the manufacture of a cylinder from a sufficiently rigid elastic material, it is impossible to provide a large stroke during its expansion, which, ultimately, can lead to a decrease in the dispersion zone of combat elements, and therefore to a decrease in the effectiveness of the cartridge;

- in the case of the use of a rubber balloon with a corrugated shell (US patent No. 3865034) may destroy the cylinder at the ends of the shell and bleed gases into the cavity of the combat elements.

The closest analogue of the invention is a device for dispersion at different speeds in the radial direction of small shells (US patent No. 3938439 from 1976 - prototype).

The specified device is a casing in which small shells pulled together by a light bandage are placed in several rows. Rows are divided among themselves by flanges (bases). Under the lower row of shells, a gas generator is installed, during operation of which the produced gas enters a vertical perforated pipe passing through the entire device through nozzle openings located at the level of each row and having a progressively changing diameter. Around the holes of the vertical pipe are rubber diaphragms, hermetically connected to the pipe at the junction with the base.

The gas produced by the gas generator acts on the rubber diaphragms with a force sufficient to break the light bandage in each row of shells, while the shells spread in the radial direction at different speeds.

The technical solution presented allows to significantly cool the gas generated by a generator located outside the perforated pipe volume before it acts on the rubber diaphragms, and the presence of a low-strength bandage, which requires little effort to destroy, allows for the dispersion of shells at a low speed.

The disadvantages of this technical solution include:

1. The significant complexity of the structural unit, designed to ensure the tightness of the rubber diaphragm at the time of its expansion. Although the materials of US patent No. 3938439 do not show a diaphragm sealing device, it is shown in the analogue of this patent (US patent No. 3865034 dated 02.11.75) and consists of two bushings, retainers, brackets, cups, and holes with prominences.

2. Due to the need for preliminary cooling of the gas used to pressurize the rubber shell, the gas generator is placed in its own volume outside the volume of the vertical perforated pipe, which leads to a sharp increase in the volume of the cartridge warhead and, consequently, to a decrease in the specific efficiency of the cartridge (for given dimensions and weight of the cartridge).

3. The absence of guides for the ejection of shells, as well as the relatively low strength of the constricting band, do not allow to obtain a velocity of ejection of shells sufficient to ensure an optimal dispersion zone of the shells, which reduces the effectiveness of the cartridge.

4. Relatively low indicators of reliability of action (there may be cases of destruction of the rubber diaphragm both in the places of its attachment to the perforated pipe, and in the spaces between the shells due to the uneven distribution of external pressure around the perimeter of the diaphragm).

5. The inability to engage fuses of shells having the pyrotechnic principle of cocking due to the supply of chilled gas to the central pipe.

The task of the invention is to increase the effectiveness of a single bomb cartridge.

The technical result consists in expanding the range of combat elements used to equip the cartridge, in increasing the specific efficiency, safety and reliability of the cartridge, as well as in ensuring the optimal dispersion zone of the combat elements.

The technical result is achieved by the fact that a single bomb cluster includes a housing, a frame in the form of a front, rear and supporting flanges mounted on a central perforated pipe, a gas generator, combat elements with a dispersion device, placed around a central perforated pipe and tightened with clamps, while supporting a flange placed between the front and rear flanges and is made with profiled sockets on the outer surface, and the device for scattering of combat elements is made in the form of thin-walled metal allical cylinders with grooves profiled under the longitudinal elements placed in them; the military elements are mounted in opposing echelons with the support of the warheads on the profiled seats of the supporting flange and clamped by bushings between the front and rear flanges of the housing.

The expansion of the range of combat elements used to equip the cartridge is achieved by placing between the flanges of the frame an additional supporting flange with profiled sockets on the outer cylindrical surface, which allows the placement of combat elements, each of which is equipped with a supercaliber jet engine, and the presence of gas ducts in the flanges of the frame through which gas from the cavity of the central pipe enters the rear ends of the combat elements, allows the use of fuses with pyrotechnics in them launch.

The increase in the specific effectiveness of the cartridge (the ratio of the mass of combat elements to the total mass of the cartridge) is achieved by increasing the number of combat elements placed in the cartridge while maintaining its dimensions and mass.

The increase in the number of combat elements placed in the cartridge is ensured due to the fact that the device for scattering of combat elements simultaneously performs the functions of a lodgement, a pusher and a guide, as well as due to the placement of combat elements in the cartridge by counter echelons.

Improving the safety and reliability of the cartridge is achieved by eliminating the possibility of collision of combat elements at the time of their ejection from the cartridge, since the application of the velocity vector occurs only in one radial plane passing through the longitudinal axis of the profiled grooves of the metal cylinders and combat elements.

In addition, supplying the cartridge with a supporting flange ensures reliable fastening of combat elements with a super-caliber jet engine in the cartridge in both radial and longitudinal directions, thereby improving the operational characteristics of the cartridge and increasing the reliability of its operation.

Ensuring the optimal dispersion zone of combat elements is achieved due to the possibility of varying in a wide time range the effects of forces on the combat element at the time of their ejection from the cartridge (achieved by the presence of a calibrated connection between the combat element and the metal cylinder by means of a clamp) and the stroke of the piston (trough) a breakthrough of the products of combustion of the gas generator at the ends of the metal cylinder.

In a single bomb cluster, the longitudinal axes of adjacent combat elements of the oncoming echelons can be shifted in the transverse circumferential direction by an angle of 360 ° / n, where n is the total number of military elements, which, when the cartridge is equipped with military elements with supercaliber rocket engines, will allow you to place warheads of warheads on the supporting flange, thereby increasing the number of warheads in the cartridge, and therefore increase its specific efficiency.

In a single bomb cartridge, the gas generator can be placed in a central perforated tube, which will reduce the overall characteristics of the cartridge. Thus, increase its specific efficiency.

In a single bomb cartridge on the flanges of the frame from the side of the combat element, gaskets made of elastic material can be installed, which eliminate the possibility of a breakthrough of the gas generator combustion products at the ends of the metal cylinders, thereby increasing the reliability of the cartridge.

The possibility of industrial application is due to the specific implementation of the invention, characterized by the following structural scheme.

Figure 1 shows a one-time bomb cartridge.

Figure 2 shows the placement of the warheads of the combat elements on the supporting flange of the cartridge.

Figure 3 shows the placement of combat elements on a metal cylinder with profiled grooves.

A single bomb cluster consists of a housing 1, a frame made in the form of flanges 2, a supporting flange 3, a central perforated pipe 4, a gas generator 5, metal cylinders with grooves 6, combat elements 7, fuses with pyro receivers 8, bushings 9, clamps 10.

The operation of a single bomb cluster is as follows.

After a specified period of time after separating the cartridge from the carrier, the frame with warheads is ejected from the cartridge case and the gas generator 5 is activated. The gas generator combustion products simultaneously expire through openings in the central perforated pipe 4 in the cavity of the metal cylinders 6 and through the radial and axial gas ducts of the flanges 2 to the pyrodetectors 8 fuses of combat elements 7.

Under the action of pressure in the cavity of the metal cylinder sufficient to destroy the clamp 10, the lateral surface of the trough of the metal cylinder 6 is straightened and the combat element 7 starts to move in the radial direction with an emphasis on the ends of the sleeve 9 and flange 2. At the same time, the pyroelectric receiver 8 of the fuse is activated.

After the combat element is ejected from the cassette frame, it is braked during non-oriented flight for a time sufficient to form the optimal dispersion zone of the combat elements, after which the parachute system is thrown into the stream, which deploys the longitudinal axis of the combat element in the direction normal to the obstacle. When the combat element is rotated to an angle close to the normal to the obstacle, a jet engine is activated, which accelerates the warhead to a speed sufficient for the penetration of the combat element under the obstacle. When penetrating into the obstacle, the jet engine is separated and the fuse of the warhead is activated, which initiates the explosive charge.

The performance of the proposed design of a one-time bomb cartridge equipped with concrete-piercing warheads with a super-caliber jet engine and pyrotechnic fuse launch is confirmed by calculations and experimental tests of the cartridge and warhead in ground and flight conditions.

Claims (4)

1. A one-time bomb cassette containing a housing, a frame in the form of front and rear flanges mounted on a central perforated pipe, a gas generator, combat elements with a dispersion device, placed around a central perforated pipe and pulled together by clamps, characterized in that it is provided with a supporting flange with profiled nests on the outer cylindrical surface, located on the Central perforated pipe between the flanges of the frame, and the device for the dispersion of combat elements is made in the form of thin-walled metal cylinders with grooves profiled under the warheads placed in them in the longitudinal direction, while the warheads are mounted in opposing echelons with the support of the warheads on the profiled seats of the supporting flange and clamped by bushings between the carcass flanges. 2. The cartridge according to claim 1, characterized in that in it the longitudinal axes of adjacent combat elements of the oncoming echelons are shifted in the transverse circumferential direction by an angle of 360 ° / n, where n is the total number of combat elements. 3. The cartridge according to claim 1, characterized in that the gas generator is located in the central perforated pipe, and gas ducts are made in the flanges of the frame, communicating the cavity of the central perforated pipe with pyrodetectors for the fuses of military elements. 4. The cartridge according to claim 1, characterized in that it contains gaskets made of elastic material on the frame flanges from the side of the combat elements.

Images