RU2268191C1 - Device for cracking-open access hatch cover - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: shipbuilding; access hatches of submarine ships.

SUBSTANCE: proposed device includes swivel member articulated on cover coaming and engageable with twin brackets secured on cover by means of clamps. Swivel member is made in form of cylindrical body filled with heat-transfer fluid and provided with movable rod with drive made in form of bellows from memorized-shape effect material.

EFFECT: reduction of time and labor consumption for opening the hatch cover at rescue operations.

7 cl, 7 dwg

Description

The invention relates to the field of shipbuilding, in particular, to devices for opening the lid of the entrance hatch of the underwater technical equipment (PTS) in the presence of back pressure or to prevent the lid from dropping when the pressure is excessive in the volume under the lid in order to equalize the pressure on both sides of the lid to ensure its safe opening, which is especially important when conducting emergency rescue operations to penetrate a TCP in distress, and can also be used in other devices for priotkryvaniya covers.

A device for opening the cover (CCP) mounted on the cover according to hell. 263-67.2156 (DEIA.364135.049) (see. Album of approved spherical covers and doors, 035-67.007, RN-80, developer of Sevmashpredpriyatie software, 1986, sheet 97-98.

This device contains a spring-loaded lever mounted on the lid from the outside by means of the axis of rotation, and in the coaming of the lid is a shoulder. On the lever there is a hook interacting with the coaming shoulder, in addition, on the opposite end of the lever there is a handle for manually removing it when the cover is opened. Outside the lid, there is a flywheel connected to a lid closing mechanism mounted on the inside of the lid.

The described device is used only if there is an internal pressure on the cover within 0.03 ... 0.05 MPa (0.3 ... 0.5 kgf / cm ² ) and cannot be applied on the cover when the internal pressure increases to values 0.1 ... 0.2 MPa (1 ... 2 kgf / cm ² ), since the rescue operator does not have enough forces to divert the lever handle with the hook from the shoulder and to rotate the flywheel of the drive zadanivanie, which reduces the effectiveness of rescue operations .

A device for opening the lid of the access hatch mounted on coaming / US Pat. No. 2083429, priority dated July 10, 1997, RU /. This device contains a rotary element that is pivotally mounted on the cover coaming with the possibility of interaction with the grooves of the brackets installed in pairs on the cover and coaming area. The pivoting element is made in the form of a pin with a thread for a hinge nut fixed in the housing, with threaded trunnions and clamps mounted on them for fixing the pin in the grooves of the lid and coaming pad brackets, and in the upper part the pin is made with a square turnkey head, and from below it is pivotally mounted on the coaming cover.

The device according to US Pat. No. 2083429 is the closest analogue of the claimed invention.

The device for opening the access hatch mounted on coaming / US Pat. 2083429 /, is intended for covers in which the drive-up driver and its flywheel are located inside the PTS housing, and the CPC is outside the PTS housing / see, in particular, the dash. 263-67.2397 (DEIA.364135.078), Album of approved lids for use ..., 035-67.007 according to RN-80, 1986, sheet 103-104, software developer Sevmashpredpriyatie /. The PTS access hatch is located outside the hull and is located inside the coaming area. The coaming site is designed for docking TCP with emergency rescue equipment (ACC), with which it is possible to rescue TCP personnel in an emergency.

The drive-up drive has a weak link - a breaking pin with a diameter of 6 mm, which holds the cover until the pressure inside the room rises to 0.05 MPa (0.5 kgf / cm ² ). In the case of increasing pressure to 0.1 ... 0.2 MPa (1 ... 2 kgf / cm ² ) to avoid breaking the weak link on the bottom cover and on the coaming inside the PTS, a butt is installed, to which a rod in the form of a lanyard is attached . In order to open the hatch cover, it is necessary to create such a torque on the rotary element of the lid opening device that is capable of breaking the weak link of the drive-up drive - the pin and traction holding the cover, which will require additional efforts of the rescue operator and the time required for the operator to enter the vehicle lifeguard and rescue work. To actuate the known device for opening the lid of the access hatch / US Pat. No. 2083429 / it is necessary, as noted above, to break the pin of the docking device and traction, for which the rescue operator needs to find the key in the darkened space of the coaming pad, install it on the head of the rotary element and rotate it with great effort until the pin and traction break, which will require considerable effort and time.

A disadvantage of the known device is the limited operational characteristics due to the large labor costs and the duration of the operation to open the access hatch cover for its further opening and penetration into the PTS.

The objective of the present invention is to improve operational characteristics by increasing the efficiency and reducing labor costs required when opening the cover of the PTS access hatch to penetrate into it, and therefore, when carrying out the emergency rescue operation as a whole.

The problem is solved in that in the known device for opening the access hatch cover containing a pivot element pivotally mounted on the cover coaming and mated by means of clamps with paired brackets mounted on the lid, according to the invention, the pivot element is made in the form of a cylindrical body with a through lid mounted under it hermetically movable stem with a drive, which is made in the form of a bellows made of a material with a shape memory effect, connected on one side to the bottom of a cylindrical body, and on the other Second side with the stem base which is externally pivotally connected to said terminals, wherein the cylindrical body is filled with heat transfer medium, and installed in its bottom heating elements.

In addition, the height of the bellows is chosen such that its increment when heated is not less than the height of the contact surface of the lid with coaming.

In addition, the cylindrical body, as well as the connections of the bellows with the stem and with the bottom are made with thermal insulation.

In addition, a ball head is made at the outer end of the stem.

In addition, the hinge connection of the rod with the clamps is made through a traverse covering the spherical head of the rod and consisting of two connected symmetrical parts with threaded fingers on which the said clamps are mounted.

In addition, at least two heating elements are installed in the bottom of the cylindrical body with the possibility of supplying them from various external sources of direct and alternating current.

In addition, openings with plugs are made in the cylindrical body to fill it with heat transfer fluid.

Due to the implementation of the rotary element in the form of a cylindrical body with a cover and a rod installed in it with a drive made in the form of a heated bellows made of a material with a shape memory effect, abutting against the bottom of the body and connected to the rod, which is pivotally connected from the outside with clamps conjugated to the brackets of the lid, it is enough for the rescue operator to transfer the rotary element from the "marching" position to the operating position, in which it is mated with clamps to the brackets mounted on the lid, and connect to the power source, the heating element of the rotary device, without the need for effort, energy and time to find and install the key on the head of the rotary device, and most importantly - to rotate it with great effort to break the rod and the burst pin in order to open the cover like this was done in an analog device.

The selection of a given height of the bellows is the reliability, reliability of the device.

Providing thermal insulation of the housing and the connections of the bellows with the stem and the bottom of the housing eliminates the influence of the external environment and the loss of thermal energy, which also serves as the reliability of the device.

Performing swivel joints of the rotary device with coaming and the rod with clamps serves to provide a convenient, quick contact of the rotary device with the brackets, which facilitates the operation of the device.

Installing at least two heating elements in the bottom of the case, which can be used from external sources of direct or alternating current, increases the reliability of the device, insuring its operation in various situations.

Thus, the proposed design of the CPC of the access hatch allows to increase its operational characteristics by providing convenience, efficiency, reliability and reduce labor costs, which is very important when conducting emergency rescue operations.

The device is represented by drawings.

Figure 1 shows a longitudinal section through coaming platforms docked PTS and ACC with a device for opening the lid of the access hatch of the PTS.

Figure 2 shows a top view of the cover of the PTS entrance hatch with a device for opening it ajar.

Figure 3 shows a bottom view of the cover of the access hatch with traction.

Figure 4 shows a section aa along the rotary element of figure 1.

Figure 5 shows a section BB on the drive zadanivaniya cover of the access hatch of figure 1.

Figure 6 shows a section bb along the traverse of figure 4.

In Fig.7 shows a section GG mounting connector traverse with Fig.6.

The device for opening the lid 1 (see Fig. 1) of the access hatch installed on the TCP coaming 2 is located within the coaming area 3 having a support ring 4. An emergency rescue vehicle (ACC) is docked to the coaming area 3 with its coaming area 5. The device for opening the cover (CCP) of the PTS access hatch contains two pairs of brackets 6 and 7 with grooves at the free ends, brackets 6 are installed on the cover 1 (see figure 2), brackets 7 are installed on the inner wall of the coaming pad 3. The cover 1 is provided with a pair of levers 8 pivotally mounted on its the canvas and on the torsion axis 9 mounted on the body of the PTS to open the inlet in the coaming 2 using the handle 10.

The CPC includes a rotary element 11, pivotally mounted on the coaming 2 by means of a butt 12. The brackets 6 are made with ribs 13 to increase rigidity and strength. The rotary element 11 (see figure 4) is made in the form of a cylindrical housing (hereinafter referred to as the housing) 14 with a cover 15 attached to the housing 14 by means of fasteners (bolts, nuts). In the center of the cover 15 there is a through hole for the passage of the rod 16 having a sealed seal 17, for example lip seal. At the outer end of the rod 16, a ball head 18 is made, which pivotally contacts a traverse consisting of two identical parts having half couplings 19 and threaded pins 20 welded to them with landing necks 21. On threaded fingers 20, clamps 22 with cotter pins 23 are installed in the form of brackets , for example, from wire according to GOST 27265-87. The clamps 22 have a cylindrical groove 24 at the ends to facilitate their installation in the grooves of the brackets 6 and 7. The coupling halves 19 (see Figs. 6, 7) are interconnected using fasteners: bolts 25, washers 26, nuts 27 (see Fig. 7).

The base of the rod 16, located in the housing 14 and made in the form of a disk 28, is in contact with the actuator, made in the form of a bellows 29, through a heat-insulating gasket 30. The bellows 29 rests on the other end through a heat-insulating gasket 31 to the bottom of the housing 14. In the bottom of the housing 14 are sealed holes 32 for installing a heating element 33 in them, made, for example, in the form of a heater according to GOST 19108-81E, designed to heat the bellows 29 to a temperature of 50 ... 80 ° C. For this, the heating element 33 is connected to an external source of electricity, an electrical unit located on the ACC. Openings 34 are made in the housing 14 for filling it with a heat transfer medium 35, for example, non-combustible and non-toxic PGV fluid in accordance with GOST 25821-83, by means of which the bellows 29 is heated. The openings 34 are hermetically closed by plugs 36. Outside the housing 14 has a heat-insulating shell 37, for example, made of EDS-5AS brand spheroplastics according to TU 5.966-21114-85, which has positive buoyancy, strength, and has a porous structure to protect the bellows 29 from the temperature influence of the external environment.

In the case of emergency rescue of PTS personnel by a rescue diver without docking the PTS with ACS, a heating element 38 is additionally installed on the coaming platform 3 in the bottom of building 14, for example, to supply 6 V electric current from a pocket electric battery in accordance with GOST 24721-88, located at the rescue diver. The heating element 38 is hermetically installed in the holes 39 made in the bottom of the housing 14 next to the heating element 33, parallel to it (see figure 4).

The heating elements 33 and 38 are made in the form of a horseshoe and are located inside the housing 14 in a heat transfer medium 35. The ends of the heating elements 33 and 38 are brought out outside the housing 14 through its bottom and have taps in the form of electrical wires: 40 for the heating element 33 and 41, for heating element 38. Electric wires 40 and 41 (see FIG. 1) are fixed on the inner wall of the coaming pad 3 and terminate under the support ring 4, where they are connected to an electrical outlet 42, for example, a voltage of 220 V and an electrical outlet 43, for example, voltage of 6 V. trorozetka 42 serves for supplying electric power from electrical box ACC (not shown), and a socket 43 - for supplying electric power from the battery as a rescue diver 6 V.

The cylinder 14 on the outside of the base has a plug 44, which, through the axis 45 and the sleeve 46, is pivotally connected to the butt 12 fixedly mounted on the TCP coaming 2.

The bellows 29 is made of rolled sheet material having a shape memory effect (see the article "Shape memory effect during martensitic transformations in titanium Ni-Ti-Cu" edited by V.N. Tokarev, A.E. Savvinov, V.N. Khachin in the journal "Physics of Metals and Metallurgy", M., Science, 1983, volume 56, issue 2, pages 340 ... 343, and also see the book "Alloys with the effect of shape memory" under the editorship of doct. physical and mathematical sciences of A.M. Glezer, authors K. Ootsuk, K. Shimizu et al., M., Metallurgy, 1990, p. 58), for example, nitinol, which has an increased deformation of up to 16% when modified .

The bellows 29, made of such a material, at ordinary temperature (up to 20 ° C) has a height L, and when heated to a temperature of 50 ... 80 ° C it has the ability to increase it to a value of L ₁ . The height L of the bellows 31 is chosen such that its increment ΔL = L ₁ -L when heated is not less than the height of the contact surface of the cover 1 and coaming 2.

On the lower spherical surface of the web of the lid 1, a fixed butt 47 is installed (see FIGS. 1 and 3), to which an upper fork 48 of the rod 49 is attached using an axis, and on a coaming 2, a fixed butt 50 for fastening to it using the axis of the lower fork 51 of the rod 49. The rod 49 is a conventional lanyard, on the body of which there is a movable handle 52 for the convenience of creating by tensioning or stretching the rod 49 by means of a thread available both inside the rod body 49 and on its forks.

Rod 49 serves to hold the cover 1 in its original position when the pressure inside the PTS increases to 0.2 MPa (2 kgf / cm ² ), for example, in case of fire inside the PTS. The rod 49 can be broken in an emergency to ensure the penetration of the operator-rescuer into the premises of the TCP using the forces created by the rotary element 11.

The cover 1 has a zadrivanie drive 53 (see FIGS. 1 and 3) for terminating it with the PTS personnel before immersion of the PTS, for which grooves 54 are made in coaming 2, and the zadron actuator 53 has a yoke 55 with rotary stops 56 interacting with the grooves 54 The cover sheet 1 (see FIGS. 1 and 5) is connected to the zadirim drive 53 through the pin 57 by means of a pin 58 with a diameter of 6 mm, which can be cut using the force created by the rotary element 11 to open the cover 1, equalize the pressure, and then opening it to provide penetrating eniya operator-spatatelya inside TCP premises in an emergency.

In a normal situation, the cover 1 is pulled up, the rotary element 11 is in the "marching" position, the clamps 22 fix it in the brackets 7 fixed on the coaming pad 3.

The device for opening the lid of the access hatch operates as follows.

In the event of an emergency at the TCP, ACC joins its coaming 5 to its coaming platform 3 (see FIG. 1) and outboard water is pumped out of the volume of the coaming platform 3. Next, the rescue operator from the ACC descends into the coaming pad 3 and manually transfers the rotary element 11 from the "marching" position to the working position. To do this, use the clamps 22 to withdraw the rotary element 11 from the grooves of the brackets 7, insert it into the grooves of the brackets 6 and fix it by pressing the clamps 22. Next, install a plug with an electric wire from a stationary power unit ACC (not shown) in an electrical outlet 42 for supplying an electric current with voltage 220 V through electrical wires 40 to the heating element 33, which is heated and heats the heat transfer medium 35 to a temperature of 50 ... 80 ° C.

The heat transfer medium 35 heats the bellows 29 (see figure 4), having a height L, to a temperature of 50 ... 80 ° C. Moreover, in the crystal lattice of the alloy (for example, with a content of titanium-50%, nickel-39%, copper-10%, iron-1%), from which bellows 29 is made, a shape change occurs, and when it is straightened, it lengthens, its height increases to the value of L ₁ . In this case, stress arises in the crystal lattice of the alloy up to σ = 500 ... 700 MPa (see the book under the editorship of A.S. Tikhonov, A.P. Gerasimov, I.I. Prokhorova "Application of the shape memory effect in modern mechanical engineering ", M., Engineering, 1981, p. 28), and on the axis of the rod 16 there is a force that can destroy the pin 58 and rod 49 at the same time in their smallest sections. The force from the bellows 29 through the rod 16, its head 18 is transmitted to the coupling half 19 of the traverse, clamps 24 (see Fig. 1 and Fig. 4) and then to the brackets 6 mounted on the cover 1. The cover 1 begins to move upward under the action of the force from the bellows 29 , around the torsion axis 9, breaking the pin 58 and the rod 49 along the way. Since the height L of the bellows 29 is chosen such that when it is heated, the increment ΔL of height is not less than the height of the contact surface of the cover 1 and coaming 2, i.e. enough for cover 1 to come out of contact with coaming 2, a gap is formed between cover 1 and coaming 2 through which excess gases from the PTS room (for example, generated during a fire) are pushed out into the volume of coaming pad 3 until pressure is equalized outside cover 1 and indoor TCP, after which you can open the cover 1.

With the option of supplying an electric current of 6 V from the electric battery in accordance with GOST 24721-88 (not shown in the drawing), the rescue diver connects power to the electrical outlet 43 (see Fig. 1) and through the electric wires 41, the electric current is supplied to the heating element 38 (see 4), which heats the heat transfer medium 35. Next, the process of heating the bellows 29 from the heat transfer medium 35 and the operation of the device is similar to that described above.

After breaking the pin 58 and the rod 4951 move the rotary element 11 from the working position to the "marching" position. To do this, the clamps 22 are squeezed from the brackets 6 and the rotary element 11 is transferred to the grooves of the brackets 7, where it is fixed in the “marching” position by the clamps 22. Next, the power supply plug is removed from the socket of the electrical outlet 42 or 43, resulting in a heating element 33 or 38 the power is cut off. The heating element 33 or 38, the heat transfer medium 35 and the bellows 29 are cooled to a temperature below 50 ° C, as a result of which he “recalls” the initial shape in the form of a bellows with a height L.

At the same time, in the surface position, the cover 1 from the "closed" position using the handle 10 is moved to the "open" position for the rescue diver to enter the premises of the PTS and continue the rescue operation.

The proposed device for opening the access hatch cover with a rotary element made in the form of a cylindrical body filled with heat transfer fluid containing a rod coupled to the cover brackets with a drive made in the form of a bellows made of a material having the shape memory effect and heating elements, saves time and labor during a rescue operation, since in order to actuate the device to the rescue operator, it is sufficient to transfer the rotary element from the “ marching "to the working position, connecting it with the brackets of the lid and connecting the heating element to the power supply, without the need for effort, energy and time to find and install the key on the head of the rotary device, and most importantly - to apply a lot of effort to rotate the key necessary to break the rod and the breaking pin in order to open the lid.

Claims (7)

1. A device for opening the lid of the entrance hatch of an underwater technical device, comprising a pivoting element mounted by hinges on the cover coaming and mating by means of clamps with paired brackets mounted on the lid, characterized in that the pivoting element is made in the form of a cylindrical body with a through lid installed in hermetically movable rod with a drive made in the form of a bellows made of a material with a shape memory effect, connected on one side to the bottom of the cylinder casing, and on the other hand, with the base of the rod, which is pivotally connected externally to the above-mentioned clamps, while the cylindrical body is filled with a heat transfer medium, and heating elements are installed in its bottom. 2. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the height of the bellows is chosen such that its increment when heated is not less than the height of the contact surface of the cover and coaming. 3. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the cylindrical body, as well as the connection of the bellows with the rod and the bottom are made with thermal insulation. 4. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that at the outer end of the rod a ball head is made. 5. The device according to claim 4, characterized in that the articulated connection of the rod with the clamps is made through a traverse covering the spherical head of the rod and consisting of two connected symmetrical coupling halves with threaded fingers on which the said clamps are mounted. 6. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that at least two heating elements are installed in the bottom with the possibility of powering them from various external sources of direct and alternating current. 7. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the holes in the cylindrical body are made with plugs to fill it with heat transfer fluid.

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