RU2267824C1 - Port-limiter of a thermo-nuclear reactor - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: thermonuclear engineering; construction of thermo-nuclear power plants of Tekamah type.

SUBSTANCE: the invention is pertaining to the field of thermonuclear engineering, in particular, to construction of thermo-nuclear power plants of Tekamah type. The port-limiter contains the vertical panels joined in a packet supplied with the cooling channels and forming by their side butts the front and the rear walls of the port-limiter. The panels are connected by means of bronze rods, which are mounted in the through openings made in the panels in the form of two rows located along the height of the panels equidistantly to the rear wall. At that each panel is fixed on the bronzed rods by means of a soldering. At that the rods are made hollow. The technical result consists in a decrease of the thermo-mechanical strain rates in the vertical panel at plasma disruption. Besides the offered design ensures a high accuracy of interposition of the panels, due to what conditions of heat withdrawal in each panel are improved.

EFFECT: the offered design ensures a decrease of the thermo-mechanical strain rates in the vertical panel at plasma disruption, an increased accuracy of interposition of the panels and improved conditions of heat withdrawal in each panel.

2 cl, 2 dwg

Description

The invention relates to thermonuclear technology and can be used to create energy thermonuclear installations such as tokamak.

Known port limiter of a thermonuclear reactor containing vertical panels connected in a bag, equipped with cooling channels and forming the front and rear walls of the port limiter with side ends, (ITER EDA DOCUMENTATION SERIES No.16. INTERNATIONAL EXPERIMENTAL REACTOR. TECHNICAL BASIS FOR THE ITER FINAL DESIGN REPORT , COST REVIEW AND SAFETY ANALYSIS (FDR). International Atomic Energy Agency, Vienna, 1998, Chapter II-Section 4.1-Page 21, 22).

The panels are connected to each other by electron beam welding of their rear end walls. At the same time, the connection of the vertical panels to each other is made in the form of deep (100-200 mm) and extended (more than 2000 mm) welds, and the thickness of the joints corresponds to about 5-7 mm, since otherwise melting of the cooling channels in the panels is possible. Outside the weld joint between the panels, the technological clearance must be maintained.

The disadvantages of the known device are as follows:

- the presence of deep and extended welded joints in a package of vertical panels leads without fail to post-welding leads, which increase the risk of thermomechanical stresses in the structure during plasma breakdowns, which reduces the reliability of the port limiter;

- a very low probability of achieving high accuracy of the relative positioning of the panels, since the presence of welded joints between the panels, as well as the resulting post-welding leads of the panels, complicate the fixing of panels with a technological gap of 1 mm, resulting in worse heat removal conditions, which also reduces the reliability of the port limiter ;

- the need to use sophisticated expensive equipment when assembling a package of vertical panels;

- increased requirements for welded joints and the need for quality control.

The objective of the present invention is to provide a port limiter, which can improve its reliability, increase the yield of suitable products, as well as simplify the manufacturing process of the port limiter.

The technical result consists in reducing the concentration of thermomechanical stresses in vertical panels during plasma breakdowns.

In addition, the proposed design allows for high accuracy of the relative positioning of the panels, thereby improving the heat removal conditions in each panel.

In addition, the proposed design allows to simplify the process of assembling a port-limiter, which can be performed without the use of complex and expensive equipment.

In addition, the proposed design allows for proper quality control of the connection panels in the package.

In addition, it provides maintainability of the port limiter, since at any stage of assembly of panels into a package, it is possible to replace panels or bronze rods.

The specified technical result is achieved by the fact that in the known port limiter of a fusion reactor containing vertical panels connected in a packet, provided with cooling channels and forming front and rear walls of the port limiter with side ends, the panels are connected by bronze rods that are installed in through holes made in panels in the form of two rows located along the height of the panels equidistant to the back wall, while the panels are connected to the rods by a soldered seam.

In addition, the bronze rods are hollow.

The invention is illustrated by drawings, where figure 1 shows a General view from the side of the port limiter; figure 2 shows a package of panels in section along aa figure 1.

The port limiter of the fusion reactor is made in the form of a package 1 of vertically mounted and permanently connected panels 2. The end walls of the vertical panels 2 on the plasma side form the first wall 3, and the opposite end walls of the panels 2 form the rear wall 4 of the port limiter. The vertical panels 2 are provided with cooling channels 5. The panels 2 are interconnected by bronze rods 6, which are installed in through horizontal holes 7, made in panels 2 in the form of two rows located along the height of panels 2 equidistant to the rear wall 4. Moreover, each panel 2 is fixed on the rods 6 by soldering 8, and the rods 6 are made hollow. The fastening of the panels 2 by two rows of horizontal rods 6 provides a rigid fixation of the panels 2 in the package 1 to a certain depth from the rear wall 4, which guarantees the non-disclosure of the panels 2 in the package 1 from the plasma side.

The assembly and installation of the port limiter of a fusion reactor is carried out in the following order.

The finished panels 2 are successively fed to the assembly slide, put them in the package 1. Then, in the package 1 of the panels 2, through horizontal holes 7 are made in two rows, hollow bronze rods 6 are inserted, previously coated with solder 8. To ensure contact of the outer surface of the hollow rods 6 with panels 2, the rods 6 are subjected to distribution, for example, by hydraulic pressure from the inside. Then heaters are placed inside the rods 6, which produce local heating of the panels 2 to the melting temperature of the solder 8. After melting the solder 8, the heating stops, the solder 8 freezes. Then, soldering diagnostics devices are placed in the hollow rods 6 and quality control of the connection of each rod 6 with the panels 2 is carried out. At the same time, the assembly of the panels 2 into the package 1 allows them to be connected with high accuracy, providing a technological gap of 1 mm.

The proposed port limiter operates as follows.

In a fusion reactor on the first wall of the port limiter 3, plasma is ignited. Ignition and extinction occurs on the surface of the first wall 3. In this case, the design of the port limiter experiences high variable thermal loads from the plasma side, the values of which can vary over a wide range from zero to 8 MW / m ² or more. In addition, between the ignition and quenching of the plasma, the port-limiter on the plasma side is exposed to a flux of fast neutrons, which lead to significant volume energy releases in structural materials. In the process, the port limiter is exposed to the effects of variable dynamic electromagnetic forces, causing the corresponding mechanical loads in the form of distributed forces and moments, reaching values of hundreds of kilonewtons. This leads to the appearance of high variable thermal and mechanical stresses in the port limiter designs, which are compensated in panels 2 due to technological gaps between them, assembly accuracy, and also a cooling system through which water is supplied under pressure to the cooling channels 5, which ensures reliable mode of operation. Rigid fixation of the panels 2 in the package 1, which guarantees the non-disclosure of the panels 2 in the package 1 from the plasma side, eliminates the possibility of mechanical impact of adjacent panels 2 on each other, which also increases the reliability of the port limiter.

Claims (2)

1. Port limiter of a fusion reactor, comprising vertical panels connected in a stack, provided with cooling channels and forming front and rear walls of the port limiter with side ends, characterized in that the panels are connected by bronze rods that are installed in through holes made in the panels in in the form of two rows located along the height of the panels equidistant to the back wall, while the panels are connected to the rods by a soldered seam. 2. The port limiter according to claim 1, characterized in that the bronze rods are made hollow.

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