RU2267246C2 - Pneumatic seeding unit - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: agricultural engineering, in particular, single seed seeding equipment.

SUBSTANCE: seeding unit has housing with seed chamber and vacuum chamber, and seeding disk disposed therebetween. Seeding disk has circumferential suction apertures provided in its end surface, and plated baffle for removal of excessive seeds. Apexes of saw-shaped protrusions of baffle shank are arranged along arc of a circle having radius smaller than radius of circle along which suction apertures are provided in seeding disk. Baffle has guider equipped with through longitudinal rectangular slot extending along axis of symmetry, and pin joined at right angle to end surface of guider, said axis of symmetry extending through center of seeding disk. Mechanism for adjusting position of shank protrusions relative to suction apertures is provided with cylindrical washer equipped at its end surface with groove made in the form of Archimedes' spiral. Groove is engaged with guider pin. Fastening pin is passed via through opening provided centrally of cylindrical washer. One end of fastening pin is rigidly connected to housing of seeding unit, and other end is connected through threaded connection with pressure handle for retaining of baffle relative to housing of seeding unit. Fastening pin is passing via through longitudinal slot. Guider is disposed in recess formed in seeding unit housing, said recess extending radially of seeding disk center.

EFFECT: improved quality of single-seed sowing owing to effective removal of excessive seeds.

4 dwg

Description

The invention relates to agricultural machinery, in particular to single-grain pneumatic sowing devices.

Known pneumatic sowing apparatus / 1 /, comprising a hopper, seed and vacuum chambers, between which a metering disk with suction holes is vertically mounted, and a reflector for removing "excess" seeds, made in the form of a plate equipped with a shank mounted on the lever of the adjusting mechanism. The plate has a cylindrical surface, the generators of which are perpendicular to the end plane of the seed disk, and the guide of alternating curvature is adjacent to it.

The disadvantage of this apparatus design is the low quality of single-grain sowing, due to a decrease in the efficiency of the process of removing "excess" seeds, if necessary, sowing small seeds or to increase the degree of overlapping of the suction holes, because in this case, during the process of adjusting and changing the position of the reflector relative to the suction holes, the time is reduced the impact of the working surface of the reflector on the seeds as a result of the fact that one end of its reflecting surface approaches suction m holes, and the other is simultaneously removed from them.

The closest in technical essence to the present invention is a pneumatic metering device / 2 /, comprising a housing with seed and vacuum chambers, between which a metering disk with suction holes made around the circumference of its end plane is mounted on a horizontal shaft, and a plate reflector to remove "excess" seed adjacent to the end plane of the seed disc. The reflector is equipped with a shank with sawtooth protrusions, the working surface of which, facing the suction holes, is perpendicular to the end plane of the seed disc.

The disadvantage of this design of the sowing apparatus is the low quality of single-grain sowing, due to the insufficient efficiency of removing "excess" seeds, arising from the fact that in the process of adjusting and changing the position of the reflector relative to the suction holes due to the articulation of one end of the reflector shank, its sawtooth protrusions move at different distances . As a result of this, not all protrusions of the reflector affect seeds to the same extent. So, for example, when sowing seeds of large size, the protrusions located near the fixing hinge are mainly involved in reflection, and when sowing small seeds, the protrusions from the opposite end of the reflector.

The present invention solves the problem of improving the quality of single-grain sowing of seeds by providing more efficient removal of "excess" seeds.

To solve this problem, in a pneumatic sowing device, comprising a housing with seed and vacuum chambers, between which on the horizontal shaft there is a sowing disk with suction holes made around the circumference of its end plane, and a plate reflector to remove "excess" seeds adjacent to the end plane of the sowing the disk and equipped with a shank with sawtooth protrusions, the working surface of which, facing the side of the suction holes, is perpendicular to the end plane sowing disk, the tops of the sawtooth protrusions of the shank of the reflector are located on an arc of a circle whose radius does not exceed the radius of the circumference of the location of the suction holes on the sowing disk. In this case, the reflector is equipped with a guide containing, along the axis of symmetry, a through rectangular rectangular cut-out and a pin orthogonally conjugated with the end plane of the guide. The top of the first sawtooth protrusion of the shank is located on the axis of symmetry of the guide, passing through the center of the seed disk. The mechanism for adjusting the position of the shank protrusions relative to the suction holes is equipped with a cylindrical washer, on the end surface of which a groove is made in the form of an Archimedes spiral, which is engaged with the guide pin. A through hole is made in the center of the cylindrical washer, through which a fastening pin passes, one end of which is rigidly connected to the apparatus body, and the other end is threadedly connected to the pressure handle, which fixes the reflector relative to the apparatus body. The mounting pin passes through a through longitudinal cut-out, and the guide is placed in a groove of the apparatus body radially located relative to the center of the sowing disk.

The proposed pneumatic metering device is illustrated by the drawings shown in figures 1-4.

Figure 1 shows a pneumatic metering device, side view;

Figure 2 - seed reflector, volumetric view;

Figure 3 is a cylindrical washer, front view;

Figure 4 is a section along aa in figure 3.

The pneumatic sowing device (Fig. 1) contains a housing 1, a seed 2 and a vacuum (not shown in the drawings) chambers, between which a metering disk 4 is installed vertically on a horizontal shaft 3 with suction holes 5 made around the circumference of its end plane, and a plate reflector 6 to remove the "extra" seeds, adjacent to the end plane of the sowing disk, while the working surface of the protrusions 9 of the plate reflector, facing the suction holes, is perpendicular to the end plane bones of a seeding disk. The plate reflector 6 is equipped with a shank 7 (figure 2) and a guide 8. The vertices of the sawtooth protrusions 9 of the shank 7 are located on an arc of a circle whose radius does not exceed the radius of the circumference of the location of the suction holes on the sowing disk. The guide 8 along the axis of symmetry 10 contains a through longitudinal cut-out 11 of a rectangular shape and a pin 12 orthogonally mated to the end plane of the guide 8, while the top of the first sawtooth protrusion 9 is located along the symmetry axis 10 of the guide 8, passing through the center of the sowing disk. The mechanism for adjusting the position of the sawtooth protrusions relative to the suction holes 5 is equipped with a cylindrical washer 13 (Figs. 3, 4), on the end surface of which a groove 14 is made in the form of an Archimedes spiral, which is engaged with the guide pin. A through hole 15 is made in the center of the cylindrical washer, through which the fastening pin 16 passes (Fig. 1). One end of the stud is rigidly connected to the body of the device, and the other end is threadedly connected to the clamping handle 17, which fixes the reflector relative to the body of the device. The mounting pin passes through the through longitudinal cut-out 11 (FIG. 2), and the guide 8 is placed in a groove of the apparatus body radially located relative to the center of the seed disk.

The operation of a pneumatic metering device is as follows. Seeds from the hopper (not shown in the drawings) enter the seed chamber 2, where, under the vacuum generated in the vacuum chamber, one or several pieces are sucked into the suction holes 5 of the seed disk 4. These seeds are transferred by the seed disk to the plate reflector 6, adjacent to the end plane of the seed disk, with each sawtooth protrusion 9 of the shank 7 with its working surface facing the suction holes and located perpendicular to the end plane of the seed meter of the first disk, alternately shifts the seeds sucked to each hole 5 by a smaller radius of rotation, as a result of which the seeds make reciprocating movements in the radial direction of the sowing disk, similar to a vibration process. In this regard, the "extra" seeds are removed outside the suction holes and returned to the seed chamber, and the main seeds, each occupying a dominant (more advantageous) position in its hole, are transported by the sowing disk to the discharge zone, where, as a result of vacuum shielding, they are discharged into the coulter (not shown in the drawing). In order to ensure single-grain seed metering, it becomes necessary to adjust the position of the plate reflector 6 (Fig. 1) relative to the suction holes 5, for which the clamping handle 17 is released and the cylindrical washer 13 rotates. As a result, the groove 14 (Figs. 3, 4) by acting on the pin 12 (figure 2) moves the guide 8, and therefore the entire plate reflector along a groove of the apparatus body radially located relative to the center of the seed disk. Due to this, the sawtooth protrusions 9 of the shank 7 move at the same distance and affect the seeds to the same extent, as a result of which the contact time of the reflecting surface of the shank with the seeds increases, the efficiency of the process of removing "excess" seeds and the quality of single-grain sowing are increased.

Information sources

1. USSR author's certificate No. 1817978, cl. A 01 C 7/04, 1993. Bull. No. 20.

2. USSR Copyright Certificate No. 1782398, cl. A 01 C 7/04, 1992. Bull. No. 47 is a prototype.

Claims (1)

Pneumatic metering device, comprising a housing with seed and vacuum chambers, between which a metering disk is installed on a horizontal shaft with suction holes made around the circumference of its end plane and a plate reflector adjacent to the end plane of the metering disk and equipped with a shank with sawtooth protrusions, the working surface of which, facing the suction holes, perpendicular to the end plane of the seed disc, characterized in that the sawtooth vertices The protrusions of the reflector shank are arranged in an arc of a circle whose radius does not exceed the radius of the circumference of the location of the suction holes on the sowing disk, the reflector is equipped with a guide containing along the symmetrical axis a rectangular longitudinal cut-out and a pin orthogonally conjugated with the end plane of the guide, while the top of the first sawtooth protrusion the shank is located on the axis of symmetry of the guide passing through the center of the seed disk, and the tail the wick with respect to the suction holes is equipped with a cylindrical washer, on the end surface of which a groove is made in the form of an Archimedes spiral, which is meshed with the guide pin, and in the center is a through hole through which the mounting pin passes, while one end of the pin is rigidly connected to the body of the device, and the other end is threadedly connected to the clamping handle, which fixes the reflector relative to the body of the apparatus, in addition, the mounting pin passes through the through longitudinal bore ez, and the guide is placed in a groove of the apparatus body radially located relative to the center of the seed disk.

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