RU2264913C2 - Device for machine working of fragile materials - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: devices of machine working of artificial and natural fragile materials.

SUBSTANCE: the invention is pertaining to the devices of machine working of artificial and natural fragile materials and may be used at machine working of graphite and graphitized carbon blocks at the electrode mills. The technical result is an increased effectiveness of a dust removal from the zone of machine working and an increased effect of suction. For this purpose the device contains a machining tool installed on the driving shaft and made in the form of a disk with cutting members located on the disk rim and an impeller fixed to the rear side of the disk, the slope holes passing through the disk into the impeller inter-blade space, and a stationary jacket made in the form of a snail embracing the tool. At that on the rim of the disk in front of the cutting members of the tool there are aerodynamic channels expanding towards the disk rim periphery, the walls of which are inclined to the disk of the tool. At that the rear walls of the aerodynamic channels are located in symmetry to the corresponding blades of the impeller.

EFFECT: the invention ensures an increased effectiveness of a dust removal from the zone of machine working and an increased effect of suction.

2 cl, 4 dwg

Description

The invention relates to devices for machining artificial and natural brittle materials and can be used in the processing of graphite and carbon-graphite blocks at electrode plants.

The closest in technical essence to the proposed invention is a "Device for the processing of brittle materials", patent of Ukraine No. 53754 from 04/28/00, publ. 02.17.03, IPC ⁷ B 28 D 7/02, 24 V 55/04, 55/06. The known device comprises a processing tool mounted on a drive shaft in the form of a disk with peripheral inserts having diamond cutting segments, an impeller attached to the back of the disk and a fixed casing in the form of a snail that covers the inserts of the processing tool. In the tool disk, under the inserts, inclined holes are made passing into the interscapular space of the impeller.

When machining brittle materials with a tool equipped with inserts with diamond cutting segments, i.e. during diamond grinding, the stock is removed predominantly in the form of dust, which is carried away by the air currents formed by the impeller and inclined holes, into the casing and further into the suction of the workshop.

However, the known device is not effective enough when processing materials, such as carbon graphite, with a tool using cutting elements made of hard alloys, since the mechanical processing of such a tool occurs at a speed lower than with diamond grinding. As a result, chips are formed, which are poured down, and not carried away by centrifugal forces to the periphery of the casing, creating additional sources of dusting.

The basis of the invention is the task of removing chips and increasing the efficiency of dust removal from the processing zone of brittle materials by creating directed air flows and increasing the suction effect of material removed during machining.

The problem is solved in that in a device for processing brittle materials containing a processing tool mounted on a drive shaft in the form of a disk with cutting elements located on the rim attached to the rear side of the impeller disk, inclined holes passing through the disk into the interscapular space of the impeller, and fixed a casing in the form of a snail covering the tool, new according to the invention is that on the rim of the disk, in front of the cutting elements of the tool, are made expandable to rim periphery aerodynamic channels, the walls of which are inclined to the disk tool, wherein the rear wall of the channels are arranged symmetrically aerodynamic respective impeller blades. The angles of inclination of the walls of the aerodynamic channels and inclined holes coincide.

Between the totality of the essential features of the claimed invention and the achieved result there is the following causal relationship.

The aerodynamic channels made on the disk rim of the processing tool in front of the cutting elements expanding towards the rim periphery of the rim create air flows directed from the center of the rotating tool to the shell of the snail casing, which cool the cutters and, capturing the removed material in the form of chips and dust, carry it through the casing snails in aspiration. Expanding channels increase the effect of absorption from the inside of the tool, and the implementation of the walls of the channels with an inclination to the disk of the tool will provide a reliable capture of the removed material from the processing zone. The arrangement of the rear walls of the channels symmetrically to the corresponding impeller blades promotes the formation of synchronous laminar flows of the air-dust mixture by these channels and the impeller blades. The coincidence of the angle of inclination of the walls of the channels and inclined holes passing through the disk into the interscapular space of the impeller will support the vacuum between the tool and the workpiece without vortex disturbances.

The invention is illustrated by drawings.

Figure 1 - shows a device, a General view;

Figure 2 is a view of the tool from the side of the impeller;

Figure 3 is a cross section of the tool along the aerodynamic channel;

Figure 4 is a cross section of the tool along an inclined hole.

A device for processing brittle materials contains a drive shaft 1, on which a processing tool 2 is fixed, made in the form of a disk 3 with cutting elements 5 located on the rim 4. An impeller 6 is attached to the back of the disk 3. The impeller 6 passes through the disk 3 into the interscapular space 8 inclined holes 7. A fixed casing 9, made in the form of a snail, covers the processing tool 2. In front of the cutting elements 5 on the rim 4 of the disk 3 there are aerodynamic channels 10, in which the rear walls 11 are located metrically corresponding to the impeller blades 12 6. The rear walls 11 and the front 13 of the aerodynamic channels 10 and the inclined holes 7 are made at the same angle to the disk 3 of the tool 2. The casing 9 has a pipe 14 connected to the aspiration of the workshop (not shown in the drawing).

The device operates as follows. When the drive shaft 1 rotates, the processing tool 2 rotates together with the impeller 6. The rotation speed is selected taking into account the necessary processing mode of the material. Located on the rim 4, the cutting elements 5 remove the material allowance from the workpiece (not shown in the drawing). The air flows generated in the aerodynamic channels 10, capture not only the dust, but also the material removed in the form of chips removed by the cutting elements, while simultaneously cooling the treatment area. The resulting mixture is directed by centrifugal force into a stationary casing 9, in which, due to the operation of the impeller 6, a vacuum is provided, and is carried away into the pipe 14 connected to the aspiration of the workshop. The inclined openings 7 passing through the disk 3 into the interscapular space 8 of the impeller 6 contribute to a better capture of dust from the processed workpiece and increase the efficiency of its removal from the processing zone.

Thus, the use of the proposed technical solution will improve the efficiency of removal of material removed during machining and at the same time improve the environmental safety of workplaces.

Claims (2)

1. A device for processing brittle materials, comprising a processing tool mounted on a drive shaft in the form of a disk with cutting elements located on the rim attached to the rear side of the impeller disk, inclined holes passing through the disk into the interscapular space of the impeller, and a fixed casing in the form of a snail, covering the tool, characterized in that on the rim of the disk in front of the cutting elements of the tool are made expanding to the periphery of the rim of the aerodynamic channels, the walls of which are made enes inclined to the disk tool, wherein the rear wall of the channels are arranged symmetrically aerodynamic respective impeller blades. 2. The device according to claim 1, characterized in that the angles of inclination of the walls of the aerodynamic channels and inclined holes coincide.

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