RU2263356C2 - Light-technical device for dynamic lighting - Google Patents

Abstract

FIELD: dynamic lighting devices.

SUBSTANCE: by means of simple assembly of modules device allows to realize unlimited quantity of different light effects and also can be used as signaling system with indicators of different states, like temperature, pressure, movement and etc.

EFFECT: higher efficiency, broader functional capabilities.

3 cl, 17 dwg

Description

The invention relates to special fields of electrical engineering, namely, devices for light sources with control circuits, and can be used with various advertising and demonstration tools with special effects, providing the creation of visually observable volumetric color images with an unusual light effect, creating a special decorative effect in the form dynamically changing colorful decorative, artistic and advertising images reproduced in volumes and on planes.

Known lighting devices, for example, LED or lamp garland switches, containing groups of light sources that form garlands of different colors, a pulse generator, switching garlands, made according to the usual scheme, including transistors, trinistors and inverters, which allow for smooth switching on and off the garlands until implementation “traveling wave” effect [see RADIO Journal, No. 11, 1983, p.52-54].

However, the light effect remains uniform even in the presence of the so-called traveling wave. The schemes for switching on and controlling light sources are static, do not allow adjustment to a new lighting effect, and operate according to the algorithm of a single read-only memory device.

Also known is a thyristor switching device for illuminating lamps, comprising a pulse generator, a short pulse shaper, a counter, a programmable read-only memory, a multi-channel block of matching devices, four groups of thyristors and a block of keys [see description of author St. USSR No. 1775878, M.cl. H 05 B 39/04, publ. 15.11.92], while the input of the short-pulse generator is connected to the power source, its output is connected to the information input of the key block, the permanent storage device has additional groups of outputs connected to the binary control inputs of the key block, the corresponding output of which is connected to the channel input of the matching block devices, which allows to simplify the device with the number of illumination lamps exceeding 16, to increase reliability and reduce the level of interference.

In addition, this technical solution extends the functionality of the device in the form of new lighting effects by three-stage changes in the brightness level of each lamp in any program.

As in the previous case, the nature of the lighting effect is determined by the algorithm of the permanent storage device, which leads to the uniformity of lighting effects. The use of thyristor elements for switching the current supplying the light sources creates radio interference and interference on the network. In addition, the device practically does not allow the possibility of reconfiguration to new lighting effects, which limits the possibility of using the device to create specific effects.

The closest to the claimed solution for the purpose, technical nature and the achieved result when using is a lighting device for dynamic lighting, containing groups of light sources, a programmed switch with a clock control input, a clock generator and a control circuit [see Description to the patent of the Russian Federation No. 2006191, M. cl. H 05 B 39/04, publ. 01/15/94], in which there is also a transmitter of ultrasonic vibrations with a generator of ultrasonic vibrations, a receiver of ultrasonic vibrations and a circuit for processing ultrasonic vibrations. Spectacular effect in this case can be increased by introducing a relationship between lighting effects and the rhythm of the sound frequency.

However, in the absence of sound frequency, the visual effect of the light effect is reduced. Since the number of rhythms that are used in practice is not infinite, the number of obtained dynamic effects using the proposed device is limited. Therefore, the functionality of the device is limited. As in the previous case, the device practically does not allow the possibility of reconfiguration to new lighting effects.

Therefore, the purpose of the proposed technical solution is to increase the diversity of lighting effects, increase entertainment by increasing the dynamism of lighting effects and expand the functionality of the lighting device.

This goal is achieved by the fact that in the known lighting device for dynamic lighting, containing groups of light sources and a power source, according to the invention, each group of light sources is made in the form of a light emitting module, including one or more LEDs, electronic keys through which and corresponding ballast resistors implemented power LEDs, a microcontroller containing programs to control the brightness and color of the LEDs in time by the method of pulse-frequency modulation electronic key management and the interaction of microcontrollers, including the synchronization of their work, the inputs / outputs of the modules are connected by an electric bus, the outputs are grounded, and the modules are combined into spatial structures.

According to the invention, the module comprises either a temperature or pressure sensor.

According to the invention, the processor is configured to carry out the sequence of actions necessary to turn on the light sources and change their intensity in accordance with a program implementing N subroutines of lighting effects, in which, after turning on the power, the variable of the ith number of the lighting effects subroutine corresponding to the standby mode is reset then, starting from the first, the i-th ones, the numbers of the subprograms are sequentially set, the inequality i <N is checked, after a positive result, verification carries out the implementation of the i-th subroutine of lighting effects, after completion of the i-th subroutine of lighting effects, increase the number of the subroutine by one, repeat the verification and execution of the i + 1-rd subroutine, and so repeat these steps until the entire sequence of N subroutines is exhausted, each subroutine generates Mi digital words that specify L bytes of the light source control signal and correspond to the number of light sources, output signals that control the light intensity and are digital j-th sequence of eight-digit numbers corresponding to the number of light sources.

As can be seen from the statement of the essence of the claimed technical solution, it differs from the prototype and, therefore, is new. The solution also has an inventive step. The basis of the invention is the task of improving the lighting device for dynamic lighting, in which, due to the execution of each group of light sources in the form of a light emitting module, including one or more LEDs, their corresponding electronic keys, through which the corresponding LEDs, ballast resistors, microcontroller, containing programs for controlling the brightness and color of LEDs in time by the method of pulse frequency modulation, electronic control keys and interactions of microprocessors, including the synchronization of their work, while the inputs / outputs of the modules are connected by an electric bus, and the outputs are grounded, on the one hand, the autonomy of each module, and, on the other hand, the ability of the modules to interact with each other, and for Due to this, it is possible to create a device without external control with an unlimited number of modules, the ability to program and change the program of work of each module, and therefore - create and change the general program of bots and module interactions.

Known lighting devices for programmed switching of lighting lamps in which the desired program is selected manually or automatically in a closed cycle. This device allows you to get some lighting effects, such as running lights, pairwise switching lamps and others [see The journal "RADIO", 1990, No. 11, p.65-66]. It is also known lighting device designed to create various lighting effects: running lights with a different number of simultaneously turned on lamps, changing the movement of light (reverse running lights), as well as obtaining the effect of turning off the lamps alternately [To help the radio amateur. Vol. 104, 1989, p. 51-59; author St. USSR No. 1236539, M.C. G 09 F 9/30, publ. 06/07/86].

The main disadvantage of the technical solutions mentioned above, as well as those that were mentioned earlier, is the uniformity and weak dynamism of the created lighting effects, the static circuitry, which eliminates the rapid reconfiguration of lighting effects.

Illumination assemblies are also known, comprising light modules having a plurality of LEDs, a power module, and a processor for controlling an electric current, which are connected to the light emitting diode so as to ensure the generation of an appropriate color [see Description of US Patents No. 6340868, M. Cl. H 05 B 37/00, 37/04, publ. 01/22/02; No. 6211626, M. cl. G 05 F 01/00 publ. 04/03/01].

The proposed technical solution is fundamentally different from the known ones in that it allows you to quickly create new lighting effects by compiling various combinations of lighting modules with individual programs. Programs are able to interact with each other, creating various lighting effects. The modular principle of constructing spatial structures (linear or volumetric) on a variety of media, the presence of an individual program in each module, the ability to reprogram each module in an assembled device without disassembling it, increasing (or decreasing) the number of modules in the structure on each medium and the ability to change the number of highlighted media e.g. windows, i.e. fast, without additional costs for the development of circuits, makes this device attractive in comparison with similar non-modular devices both aesthetically and commercially.

The proposed device is industrially applicable especially in outdoor advertising devices, as well as tracking systems, alerts, etc.

The structure of the device and the principle of its operation are shown in the following diagrams.

Figure 1 Scheme of a lighting device for dynamic lighting, containing m groups of light emitting modules grouped in a light emitting line.

Figure 1.1 Scheme of interaction of the elements of the light emitting line.

Figure 1.2 Community diagram of the automata of the line.

Figure 1.3 Illumination scheme of a group of window panes.

Figure 1.4 Scheme of two-axis illumination.

Fig. 1.5 Backlight curved ruler.

2 is a diagram of a light emitting module.

Figure 3 Scheme of the time cycle of the light emitting module.

Figure 4 The power circuit of each electronic key.

5 is a diagram of a module with an internal power source.

6 is a diagram of a lighting device for dynamic lighting, containing m groups of light-emitting modules and additional signal sensors.

Fig.6.1 The signal exchange diagram.

Fig.6.2 Scheme of a simple linear topology.

Fig.6.3 Diagram of a branched topology without intersections.

Fig. 6.4 An example of the provision of information to users.

Fig.6.5 The scheme of the volumetric topology of the placement of modules with intersections.

Fig. 7 A graphical depiction of the algorithm of a work control program for m groups of light sources.

The lighting device for dynamic lighting (Figure 1) contains a group of light sources 1 ... m, which are combined by a power bus 2 and ground 3. Each group of light sources 1 ... m is made in the form of an integral module (Figure 2), the first the input / output 4 of which is connected to the power bus 2, and the second 5 to the ground bus 3.

The light emitting module (Figure 2) contains, for example, two LEDs 6 and 7, two corresponding ballast resistors 8 and 9, electronic keys 10, 11 and a microprocessor 12, the outputs 13 and 14 of which are connected to the inputs 15 and 16 of the electronic keys 10, 11. All these elements are placed in an integral housing 17. Programming of the microprocessor is carried out before installing it in an integral housing 17.

Each electronic switch 10, 11 is loaded (FIG. 4) with a serial LC circuit 18 with a half-cycle of natural oscillations equal to the pulse duration t _and (FIG. 3) pulse-frequency modulation. Moreover, as shown in Fig. 3, t _p = const, f = 1 / T, f is a variable, T = (0 ... 255) t _p . The midpoint 19 of the LC circuit 18 is connected through a reverse biased diode 20 to ground 5, and through a choke 21 with LEDs 6 or 7.

At least one module has an internal energy storage (Figure 5). In this case, the internal power bus 22 is connected to the external power bus 4 through a directly biased diode 23 and universal input / output 24 of the microprocessor 12.

External signal sensors may be arranged as in FIG. 6, which shows the connection of two modules that have a built-in temperature sensor 25 or a pressure sensor 26 and an internal resistance resistor of a current source 27.

The operation of the device and its application are shown in a number of examples.

When applying voltage from a constant external power source to the external bus 4, a signal is input to the universal input / output 24 of the microprocessor 12, which first puts the entire circuit into standby mode, and then it starts to work in accordance with a given algorithm (Fig. 7). In this case, according to the result of the program’s operation, control pulses (switching) are supplied to the electronic keys 10, 11 (FIG. 2) from the outputs 13, 14 of the microprocessor 12. When the electronic switch is turned on, the ballast resistor turns out to be 8, (9) connected to the internal power bus 21 and a voltage pulse is applied to the corresponding LED 6, (7). The duty cycle of the generated pulse sequence corresponds to the required brightness of the LED glow (figure 3). When using an oscillatory circuit instead of a ballast resistor (Fig. 4), the electronic switch is loaded with a sequential LC circuit 18 with a half-cycle of natural oscillations equal to the pulse duration t _and pulse frequency modulation of Fig. 3, and the midpoint 19 of the LC circuit is connected via a biased diode 20 to ground, and also through the inductor 21 with the LED 6 or a group of LEDs 6, 7. Thus, a half-wave resonant voltage conversion is realized.

Reacting several modules, including with integrated sensors, Figures 1 and 6, applied power source V _cc with a large internal impedance R _ext 27. When it becomes necessary to exchange information between the modules, the master module loads the external power bus 4, its input / output . All modules at this moment switch to autonomous power and monitor the information presented in the serial code transmitted by the host module via the established communication protocol via the power bus. After data transfer, the master module releases the power bus and any other module can transfer data via the power bus, that is, become the master. The further operation of the modules depends on the individual state of the module and the information transmitted via the data bus.

Since the microprocessor is configured to carry out the sequence of actions necessary to turn on the light sources and change their intensity in accordance with the program implementing N subroutines of lighting effects, after turning on the power, the program resets the i-th number of the lighting effects subroutine corresponding to the standby mode. Then, starting from the first, the i-th numbers of the subprograms are sequentially set, and the inequality i <N is checked. After a positive test result, the i-th light effects subroutine is executed. After the completion of the i-th subprogram of lighting effects, the number of the subprogram is increased by one, the verification and execution of the i + 1st subprogram are repeated. So these steps are repeated until the entire sequence of N subprograms is exhausted, with each subprogram Mi of digital words is formed, specifying L bytes of the light source control signal and corresponding to the number of light sources clocked by the pulse generator. The program provides for the output of signals controlling the light intensity and representing a digital j-th sequence of eight-bit numbers corresponding to the number of light sources. The program algorithm described above is shown in FIG. 7.

From the point of view of formal theory, a multiprocessor system is a community of automata [Glushkov V.M. Introduction to cybernetics. - Kiev: Publishing House of the Academy of Sciences of the Ukrainian SSR, 1964. - p. 324]. Each machine is characterized by two functions:

y = λ (a, x) is the output function;

a '= δ (a, x) is the transition function;

where X = {x} is the set of input language,

Y = {y} is the set of output language,

A = {a} is the set of states.

The "words" x and y can be a change in length.

Each machine has input and output channels, through which input and output signals, respectively.

Example 1. LED strip.

Each microprocessor operates in a cycle, providing a change in brightness and color in this particular place according to an individual program, and together they provide a common light-dynamic effect.

One module can be represented as a community of two machines (Figure 1.1.).

The first of them works as a state counter 0, 1, 2, ... in response to an incoming clock pulse (input signal 1). The clock pulse generates one of the modules, sending it to the bus.

Thus, the automaton A1 operates in a cycle. Physically, this is just one register with zeroing after reaching the state with the maximum number. The output signal of the automaton A1 is its state number. This signal is input to the A2 machine. The A2 machine is more complicated. Each of its states corresponds to a certain state of operation of the light sources of a given module and occupies much more program memory. However, since the number of equivalent states is limited (the states a1 and a2 are equivalent when y = (a1, x1) = (a2, x2), i.e. they give the same output control signal to the light sources of the module), then the automaton A2 can be “Reduced”, i.e. minimized in such a way that a1 = a2, which means you can use more memory and get more different lighting effects.

The community of all machines of the line A ₁ , A ₂ , A ₃ , ... A _n can be represented as shown in Figure 1.2., Where the arrows represent the input and output channels of each machine, a, a ₁ , a ₂ , ... a _n - communication nodes of the channels, the dashed arrow is the communication channel of the programmer, which can be connected via a special connector to the electric bus and change the program of each microprocessor, and therefore the entire device, and then disconnects.

So we have

- LED module with microprocessor;

- the program of each module;

- programmer;

- a program that generates programs for each module depending on its location and the required light-dynamic effect.

Such a scheme is extremely mobile and plastic, it provides the ability to reprogram all microprocessors separately, and therefore the entire line of modules as a whole, makes it possible to change the light-dynamic effects depending on the situation. Since the control program is distributed in separate modules, due to this, the light-dynamic effects can be extremely rich.

When creating rulers of different lengths (different numbers of modules), they differ only in linear dimensions, uniting their structural elements and busbar, in contrast to conventional similar devices, in which changing the length of the line of light sources always leads to an insignificant but obligatory change in the entire electric schemes.

Example 2. Window lighting.

To create an original light-dynamic effect using ordinary windows. For this, one or more glasses 28 are coated with a light-scattering pattern 29 and equipped with a light input device into the glass (not shown). In turn, these devices supply modular arrays of 30 light sources. All lines are interconnected by a single electric bus (Figure 1.3).

Due to the fact that all modules of each line on each window work according to agreed programs, it is possible to create a single light-dynamic effect for all illuminated windows.

When you change the pattern and apply it to neighboring windows, new windows provide additional lines of light sources, which are also connected to the busbar.

Due to changes in the drawings and system configuration (additional windows), it is necessary to change the program of light-dynamic effects. Further, all the technology that is described in Example 1 is retained.

Using a special program, a program is generated for each microprocessor, taking into account its coordinates and the desired effect.

Further, these individual programs are entered into each module through the programmer and the electric bus.

Example 3. Two-coordinate illumination.

Rulers 31 light sources are collected in a two-coordinate “scoreboard”. (Fig. 1.4.). It should be noted that, as in other cases where rulers with a large number of light source modules are used, frequency modulation can significantly reduce the requirements for electrical circuits. With the help of such a “scoreboard”, any pattern applied to a light-scattering surface or drawn from colored light-scattering elements is frontally illuminated. Such a device is similar to the widely used so-called light-boxes, in which an extended (non-point) static light source is located between two matte surfaces with a pattern printed on them. The board based on modular rulers differs from light boxes in that it allows you to create dynamic two-dimensional lighting effects. Thanks to this and the advantages of modular programmable devices described above, a wide field for design in advertising and artistic aesthetics opens up.

In addition, it is possible to use such structures as a bulletin board. In such displays, signs can appear not only on an on-off basis, but also appear and disappear smoothly, creating effects associated with a smooth change in the brightness of point sources. Similar effects can be aesthetically enhanced if the display includes a light-diffusing screen. In addition, the modular light bars in the information panel can be located along a curved surface (cylindrical panel, concave panel, etc.).

Example 4. A curved ruler.

In a special design 32, the modules 31 are arranged along a curved line and with their help the light-scattering volume is highlighted.

It can be frontally illuminated flat curved light-scattering elements (Figure 1.5). An analogue of such a device are the well-known curved neon lamps. The difference between the claimed device and neon lamps is that, firstly, flat lines are not displayed, but flat figures, and secondly, that the backlight can be changed in brightness and coordinate, which distinguishes modular devices from existing devices. The modular construction principle allows the designer to design devices of any scale, without worrying about the control circuit of the light elements of the device.

In another case, in a special design 33, the modules 31 are arranged along an arbitrary curve and the light-scattering elements are highlighted (Fig. 1.5.). Due to the lack of a special control scheme for each specific case, you can create any projects with any algorithm for changing brightness and color over time.

Example 5. A line with data exchange.

In the case when the modules are equipped with additional sensors 25, 26, and in connection with the different signals coming from these sensors, it is necessary to ensure the exchange of data between different modules, the automaton community has a more complex structure (Fig. 6.1.), In which a is the nodal point information exchange, and _n is the sensor input signal, and _nn is the output signal.

In such a system, there is N! cycles, where N is the number of elements. Accordingly, there is the possibility of N! loops. But this problem can be overcome with the correct implementation of the data exchange algorithm.

The specific implementation depends on the problem being solved and the layout topology of the elements.

The topology of placement and wired communication between modules that implement a particular task, where machines with data exchange are needed, depends on this task. In any case, this topology is described by a connected graph, where the nodes correspond to the intersections of the “corridors” and, accordingly, the wired communication of the electric bus (although the bus can be implemented in the form of radio communication or ultrasonic communication, and the modules have independent autonomous power supply), which, in turn, are presented lines-edges - between them (a connected graph is a graph from which from any node along the edges you can get to any other node of the graph). Automatic modules are "strung" on the ribs (Fig.6.2.).

Example 6. Linear topology.

Linear topology is demonstrated by a linear connected graph (Fig. 6.3.).

An example of the implementation of a linear topology for the location of machines can be a fire alarm system in a subway car or in a building that has only one corridor on one floor.

In case of fire and (or) the presence of smoke, the sensors record this, and all modules exchange data with each other. As a result, each module generates a light information signal A ₁ , A ₂ , ... A _N (arrow) indicating the direction of evacuation, and the intensity (brightness) of this signal and (or) the blinking frequency - to the proximity to the source of danger (Figure 6.4 .) The procedure for technical implementation is the same as for LED rulers.

Example 7. Arbitrary topology.

In the general case, tasks solved with the use of modular light indicators can be more complicated. For example, a burglar alarm or a fire alarm of a building or home (In a burglar alarm, indicators with the direction of the arrows and the frequency of their flashing indicate the direction and distance to the object that unauthorized entered the forbidden territory). In this case, the graph representing the corresponding topology does not have one chain of modules, but includes many, more than one, intersecting, including crosswise, such chains, for example a multi-story building) (Fig. 6.5.).

Of course, creating an algorithm for exchanging data between different automaton modules is a more non-trivial task. But it’s important to emphasize that, firstly, when developing a specific approach, further steps to write a program turn into a routine, easily automated operation, and secondly, a set of modules with relatively simple programs can implement a rather complex algorithm for the behavior of the entire system (the analogue is the behavior of public insects).

As can be seen from the description of the device, the algorithm of its operation and examples of implementation, it has wide functional capabilities, as it can be used in relation to a variety of light carriers, including flat and curved surfaces, as well as various volumes. At the same time, it allows for an unlimited number of diverse lighting effects through simple assembly of modules.

Claims (3)

1. Lighting device for dynamic lighting, containing a group of light sources and a power source, characterized in that each group of light sources is made in the form of a light-emitting module, including one or more LEDs, electronic keys, through which the LEDs are supplied with ballast resistors, a microcontroller containing time-management programs for the brightness and color of LEDs by pulse-frequency modulation, electronic key management and interaction Via microcontrollers, including synchronization of their operation, I / O modules are combined bus bar outputs are grounded, while the modules are combined into spatial structures. 2. A lighting device according to claim 1, characterized in that the module comprises either a temperature sensor or a pressure sensor. 3. The lighting device according to claim 1, characterized in that the microcontroller is configured to carry out the sequence of actions necessary to turn on the light sources and change their intensity in accordance with a program implementing N routines of lighting effects, in which, after turning on the power, the variable i is reset the number of the subroutine of lighting effects corresponding to the standby mode, then, starting from the 1st, the i-th numbers of the subprograms are sequentially set, and the inequalities are checked i <N, after a positive test result, performs the i-th subroutine of lighting effects, after completion of the i-th subroutine of lighting effects, increase the number of the subroutine by one, repeat the check and execute the (i + 1) th subroutine, and so repeat these steps until exhaustion of the entire sequence of N subprograms, with each subprogram form Mi digital words that specify L bytes of the light source control signal and corresponding to the number of light sources, output signals that control the intensity vnostyu light and representing a digital j-th sequence of eight-bit numbers corresponding to the number of light sources.

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